Alpha psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation in Improving Symptoms and Restoring Cognitive Functions in Patients with Depression: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Lijun Liu, Keqiang Wang, Dongmei Xu, Yuhong Wang, Xiaomei Xu, Qian Wang, Xinfu Wang","doi":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241731","DOIUrl":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Patients with depression often experience cognitive impairments. Cognitive rehabilitation, as an adjunctive intervention, may help to improve symptoms and restore functions in these patients. This study explores the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in improving symptoms and restoring cognitive functions in patients with depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The following databases were systematically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs): PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Two reviewers independently screened the studies. The search was conducted from the inception of the databases to April 10, 2024. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs, confidence interval were calculated using RevMan v. 5.3 software, and heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the <i>I</i> ² statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 RCTs involving 700 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the severity of depression after cognitive rehabilitation intervention, with a pooled SMD of -0.14 (95% CI: -0.32 to 0.05; <i>P</i> = .15; I²  = 30%). Among the 4 studies reporting attention-related data, cognitive rehabilitation significantly improved attention function in patients with depression compared with the control group, with an SMD of -0.63 (95% CI: -0.99 to -0.27; <i>P</i> < .001; I² = 0%). In 6 studies, data showed significant improvement in verbal learning ability in patients with depression after cognitive rehabilitation intervention, with an SMD of -0.33 (95% CI: -0.60 to -0.05; <i>P</i> = .02; I² = 48%). Executive function outcomes were reported in 6 studies, whereas working memory outcomes were reported in 7 studies, both before and after the intervention. No significant differences were observed between the groups, with SMDs of -0.45 (95% CI: -1.09 to 0.19; <i>P</i> = .17; I²  = 78%) in executive function and -0.38 (95% CI: -0.82 to 0.07; <i>P</i> = .10; I² = 67%) in working memory post-intervention. Subgroup analysis suggested that cognitive rehabilitation training had a close to statistically significant improvement effect on depression severity in European regions, whereas no significant impact was observed in other regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cognitive rehabilitation shows certain value in improving attention and verbal learning in patients with depression as an adjunctive treatment, but its effectiveness in improving depressive symptoms, executive function, and working memory remains inconclusive. Future large-sample RCTs are needed to further explore this aspect.</p>","PeriodicalId":72151,"journal":{"name":"Alpha psychiatry","volume":"25 6","pages":"727-736"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Depression in Aged, Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.","authors":"Tao Wang, Lina Ma, Li Zhang, Zhongying Zhang, Wenliang Zhai, Yun Li","doi":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241720","DOIUrl":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective is to investigate the situation and risk factors of depression in aged, hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 196 aged CHF patients admitted to Xuanwu Hospital from May 2022 to March 2024 were consecutively selected. Information such as demographics, comorbidities, old-age hospitalization assessment results, and admission test results was collected. Differences were found between the patients admitted with CHF and depression and those without depression. Independent predictors of depression in aged, hospitalized patients with CHF were identified using logistic regression analyses. The sensitivity and specificity of age, frailty score, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification to evaluate the occurrence of depression were examined by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased age [OR (Odds Ratio) = 1.132, (95% CI [Confidence Interval], 1.050-1.221), <i>P</i> = .001], higher frailty score [OR = 8.324, (95% CI, 4.233-16.368), <i>P</i> < .001], and higher NYHA classification [OR = 3.806, (95% CI, 1.864-7.773), <i>P</i> < .001] were independent predictors of depression in aged CHF hospitalized patients. The best indicators for the occurrence of depressive symptoms were age of 75 years, a score of 2 for frailty, and an NYHA classification of III. The AUCs for age, frailty score, and NYHA classification were 0.764, 0.876, and 0.707, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical assessment of depression is necessary for aged, hospitalized CHF patients. Patients over 75 years old, with a frailty score of at least 2, and an NYHA classification of III or IV are more prone to depression, which requires attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":72151,"journal":{"name":"Alpha psychiatry","volume":"25 6","pages":"721-726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should We Really Say Goodbye to the Effects of Nurture on Development?","authors":"Hans M Koot","doi":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241819","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72151,"journal":{"name":"Alpha psychiatry","volume":"25 6","pages":"746-747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Alexithymia Predict the Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Healthy Carriers of Hepatitis B?","authors":"Nermin Gündüz, Özge Timur, Doğan Nasır Binici, Erkal Erzincan, Ahmet Yosmaoğlu","doi":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.21300","DOIUrl":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.21300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The psychiatric disorders among healthy carriers of hepatitis B (HBsAg), who have no severe physical disability or any medical treatment, have clinical importance. We aimed to research the comorbid psychiatric disorders and alexithymia and to identify whether alexithymia and accompanying somatic symptoms predict the presence of psychiatric diagnoses or not among HBsAg carriers.</p><p><strong>Methods eighty-nine: </strong>healthy carriers of Hepatitis B patients and nınety-three healthy individuals were included to study. Structured Clinical Interview for <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (Fourth Edition) (<i>DSM-IV</i>) (SCID-I), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When the distribution of SCID I psychiatric diagnoses among healthy HBsAg carriers examined, majority of the patients (n = 53, 59.6%) had any psychiatric diagnosis. The logistic regression model evaluating whether number of somatic symptoms and alexithymia predict the psychiatric diagnosis, we observed that number of somatic symptoms predicted the presence of psychiatric diagnosis (odds ratio = 2.762, <i>P < .</i>001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed that alexithymia may potentiate the occurrence of psychiatric disorders in such patients and that it requires more consideration. So, our results suggest that HBsAg carriers need multidisciplinary evaluation including hepatology, infection clinics and psychiatric liaison.</p>","PeriodicalId":72151,"journal":{"name":"Alpha psychiatry","volume":"25 6","pages":"692-699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Parental Smartphone Addiction and Preschool Children's Emotional Regulation.","authors":"Tianjiao Song, Hao Zhao, Shameem Rafik-Galea, Mimi Fitriana","doi":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241670","DOIUrl":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between parental smartphone addiction and preschool children's emotional regulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 818 preschool children, aged between 3 and 6 years, and their fathers and mothers were included in the study. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the Emotional Regulation Checklist and the Chinese version of the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale. SPSS v. 20.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistical analysis, independent sample <i>t</i>-test, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Mplus v. 7.11 was used to conduct structural equation model analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Girls' emotional regulation was significantly stronger than boys' (<i>P</i> = .037). The emotional regulation of preschool children in the older class was significantly stronger than that of preschool children in the intermediate class and primary class (<i>P</i> = .045). There was no significant difference in emotional regulation between intermediate class children and primary class children (<i>P</i> = .213). Fathers' smartphone addiction (FSA) and mothers' smartphone addiction (MSA) were significant negative predictors of preschool children's emotional regulation (<i>β</i> _MSA = -0.541, <i>β</i> _FSA = -0.250). Mothers' smartphone addiction had a significantly stronger predictive effect on preschool children's emotional regulation than fathers' smartphone addiction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study adds to previous research on parental smartphone addiction and preschool children's emotional regulation. The findings suggest that it is necessary to consider parental smartphone addiction, especially mothers' smartphone addiction, when developing intervention programs to enhance preschool children's emotional regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72151,"journal":{"name":"Alpha psychiatry","volume":"25 6","pages":"713-720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dopaminergic and Glutamatergic Mechanisms in Addiction: Assessing the Therapeutic Promise of Memantine and Galantamine for Maintenance Treatment: A Review.","authors":"Qutub Jamali, Ahmed S Abdelgawad, Heidi Soliman, Faisal S Alam, Kalpesh Solanki","doi":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241651","DOIUrl":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addiction comes in various forms and can be related to substances like cocaine, opioids, alcohol, cannabis, amphetamine, and nicotine, as well as behaviors like gambling or sex addiction. The impact of addiction places increased economic and medical burdens on society. Currently, the management of addiction is more focused on symptomatic relief rather than targeting the reinforcing mechanisms of dependence on addictive substances and behaviors. The aim of this review is to identify the specific roles of dopamine and glutamate in addiction, which can guide us to treat the cause rather than the symptoms. The synergistic effect of glutamate and dopamine neurotransmitters plays a crucial role in the development of pathological neuroplasticity in the mesolimbic system, causing compulsive consumption of the substance. Utilizing the brain's natural synthesis of substances such as Kynurenic acid (KYNA) derivatives could potentially disrupt the synergistic effect of glutamate and dopamine. By blocking glutamate release and increasing dopamine release, individuals may experience reward or pleasure without the need for addictive substances. Under this pretext, the review article explores the possibility of memantine and galantamine as maintenance treatment for addiction of various forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72151,"journal":{"name":"Alpha psychiatry","volume":"25 6","pages":"685-691"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity, Exercise, and Mental Disorders of Older Adults.","authors":"Zheng Feei Ma, Shaobo Zhou","doi":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241862","DOIUrl":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241862","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72151,"journal":{"name":"Alpha psychiatry","volume":"25 6","pages":"752-753"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Series of Panic Disorder Cases Treated with Detached Mindfulness.","authors":"Murad Atmaca, Muhammed Fatih Tabara, Mehmet Gurkan Gurok","doi":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241614","DOIUrl":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies evaluating the efficacy of detached mindfulness (DM) as a standalone intervention for patients with panic disorder are lacking in the literature. In this context, the aim of this open study was to evaluate the efficacy of DM in patients with panic disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in 11 patients (7 females and 4 males). The DM therapy process was applied to the patients. The clinical course was followed using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients' attendance at therapy and completion of DM homework were found to be quite good. Patients' PDSS scores decreased significantly at the end of treatment compared to baseline. A similar change was seen in the BAI and BDI scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, it can be stated that DM is an effective, easily applicable, and highly therapeutic method for the treatment of patients with panic disorder. However, the present study needs to be supported by future studies with larger samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":72151,"journal":{"name":"Alpha psychiatry","volume":"25 5","pages":"604-610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11562151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Qualitative Study on Mental Health Services in Primary Care in Türkiye.","authors":"Emel Güden, Arda Borlu, Yeliz Yelen Akpinar, Özlem Olguner Eker, Saliha Özsoy, Zeynep Baykan","doi":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241605","DOIUrl":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mental health services are a neglected problem within primary care. Quality mental health service delivery at the primary level hinges on identifying and addressing related questions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the issues and solution proposals regarding service delivery based on the experiences of primary care workers in managing mental illnesses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research was conducted using the focus group interview method, which is one of many qualitative research techniques. The study sample consisted of 8 physicians and 9 healthcare workers providing primary healthcare (PHC) services in a city. The data collection process was carried out using a semi-structured interview form and a personal information form. The interviews were recorded and later transcribed. Subsequently, main themes and subthemes were identified through content analysis and a detailed content analysis was conducted based on these themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Themes from interviews with PHC workers included education/training needs, service delivery barriers, and recommendations. The study revealed that PHC workers lack current knowledge on mental illnesses. There was fear of stigma regarding mental illness within the community. Workers experienced systemic issues such as heavy workloads, inadequate physical space, and inability to access data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To reduce the treatment gap in primary mental health services and enhance access to high-quality mental health care, it would be beneficial to regularly update healthcare personnel training in mental health and increase public mental health literacy to prevent stigma and promote help-seeking behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":72151,"journal":{"name":"Alpha psychiatry","volume":"25 5","pages":"617-625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11562581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of Changes in Levels of Empathy and Narcissistic Pathology After Treatment of Adult with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Uğur Takım, Hasan Belli, Hasan Gökçay, Hüseyin Köse, Hilal Arslan Akgül, Ali Çakır","doi":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241630","DOIUrl":"10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in narcissistic personality traits and empathy deficits in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after pharmacotherapy, focusing on psychostimulant treatment. Understanding these comorbidities is crucial for optimizing treatment and improving therapeutic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional cohort study consisted of 75 randomly selected ADHD patients. The patients were started on methylphenidate or atomoxetine as per the indications for treatment. A Sociodemographic Data Form, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), and Empathy Quotient (EQ) were applied. Based on the study design, Adult ASRS, PNI and EQ were re-administered to the patients at the end of 3 months of treatment. The levels of pathological narcissism and empathy in patients were assessed before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median and minimum-maximum in PNI grandiosity score decreased significantly from 67.00 (30-108) before treatment to 60.00 (24-102) after treatment (<i>P</i> < .001). The mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) PNI Vulnerability score decreased statistically significantly from 63.83 ± 26.02 before treatment to 60.06 ± 24.64 after treatment (<i>P</i> = .003). The median and minimum-maximum in PNI total score was 134.50 (64-208) pre-treatment, which showed a statistically significant decrease after treatment (<i>P</i> < .001). The mean ± SD EQ score decreased statistically significantly from 33.86 ± 7.03 before treatment to 36.53 ± 7.55 after treatment (<i>P</i> = .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychostimulant treatment in adult ADHD patients can ameliorate narcissistic traits and enhance empathy, thereby improving social functioning and interpersonal relationships. These findings suggest that psychostimulants may positively modulate neural circuits involved in narcissism and empathy, potentially leading to better treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72151,"journal":{"name":"Alpha psychiatry","volume":"25 5","pages":"598-603"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11562234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}