Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)最新文献

{"title":"Altered neuronal network connectivity in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and its association with inhibitory function.","authors":"Maryam H Alsameen, Felicha T Candelaria-Cook, Cassandra M Cerros, Dina E Hill, Julia M Stephen","doi":"10.1111/acer.70144","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is associated with widespread neurocognitive deficits, including impairments in executive function, attention, and inhibitory control. However, understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits in young children 6-8 years of age remains limited. This study investigated functional connectivity (FC) alterations in key brain networks related to inhibitory control and executive function in children with FASD compared to typically developing controls (TDC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seed-based connectivity (SBC) analysis was conducted in 27 children with FASD and 30 TDC, focusing on the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) within the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Frontal Parietal Network (FPN). FC differences were assessed across resting-state conditions (eyes closed vs. eyes open) and correlated with Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with FASD exhibited significantly reduced FC between MPFC and limbic regions, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and brainstem, suggesting impairments in emotion regulation and cognitive control. The FPN showed altered connectivity with the middle temporal gyrus and inferior lateral occipital cortex, regions crucial for higher order cognitive processing. Significant interactions between groups and resting-state condition were observed, with altered connectivity patterns in the MPFC and FPN suggesting sensory-motor and cognitive control disruptions. FC patterns in these networks were significantly correlated with CPT performance, including increased errors of omission and reaction time variability, indicating deficits in sustained attention and response inhibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings reveal early disruptions in FC within the DMN and FPN in young children with FASD, highlighting altered interactions between key brain regions implicated in inhibitory control and executive function. These neural alterations were associated with behavioral deficits in attention and cognitive control, suggesting that FC abnormalities may underlie core cognitive impairments in FASD. Findings underscore the importance of early identification and intervention strategies targeting neural network dysfunctions to improve cognitive outcomes in children with FASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12407249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of alcohol withdrawal therapy on gut microbiota in alcohol use disorder and its link to inflammation and craving.","authors":"Phileas J Proskynitopoulos, Sabrina Woltemate, Mathias Rhein, Isabell Böke, Jannis Molks, Sebastian Schröder, Hans-Udo Schneider, Stefan Bleich, Helge Frieling, Robert Geffers, Alexander Glahn, Marius Vital","doi":"10.1111/acer.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is linked to changes in the function and composition of the human gut microbiome (GM). The GM affects inflammation by producing anti-inflammatory molecules such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), in particular butyrate, which are linked to appetite regulation, a mechanism involved in alcohol craving. This study investigates changes in GM composition and functional capacity to produce SCFA during alcohol withdrawal and their link to inflammation and craving.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-three patients (mean age 48, SD = 12) with AUD were enrolled. We collected stool (n = 63) and blood (n = 48) during the first 48 h (timepoint A) of withdrawal therapy and between Days 10-14 (timepoint B). Microbiota were analyzed using shotgun metagenomics along with bacterial load determinations. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were measured in plasma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bacterial diversity (species richness, Shannon Index) did not change significantly throughout withdrawal, while overall bacterial load increased. Abundances of several taxa changed, and the overall community composition during withdrawal was approaching those of healthy controls; the potential to synthesize butyrate, a key SCFA, increased. However, it remained at lower levels compared with controls. Both diversity parameters correlated with cell concentrations and the butyrate pathway at baseline. The latter was negatively associated with IL-6 at baseline. IL-8 and IL-10 levels decreased significantly during withdrawal, as did craving, which was linked to abundance alterations of six species and IL-8.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alcohol withdrawal affected GM composition and increased concentration of the butyrate pathway along with overall bacterial load. Changes in bacterial composition and the butyrate production capacity demonstrate a shift toward healthier microbiota during withdrawal therapy. Changes in some species and IL-8 were linked to alcohol craving, replicating findings of previous studies. Our study adds new findings helping to understand the microbiome-gut-brain axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between changes in AUDIT-C scores and acute mental healthcare utilization over the next year in a primary care population.","authors":"Megan L Lee, Helen E Jack, Theresa E Matson, Malia Oliver, Jennifer F Bobb, Douglas Berger, Katharine A Bradley, Kevin A Hallgren","doi":"10.1111/acer.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unhealthy alcohol use (UAU) is common in primary care populations and can significantly impact mental health. Screening for UAU within primary care is increasingly used for point-in-time identification of UAU, but it is less clear whether changes in alcohol screening scores effectively capture changes in alcohol-related risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used data from adult primary care patients in a Northwest US health system who had completed two AUDIT-C screens 11-24 months apart (T1, T2). Scores were grouped into five categories from no use to very high-risk UAU. Generalized estimating equation models tested whether changes in AUDIT-C categories from T1 to T2 were associated with changes in risk for nonaddiction mental health acute care utilization (emergency department or hospital admission) over 1 year after T1 and T2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 165,101 patients (61% female; mean age 55), mental health acute care utilization risks were 0.9% after T1 and 0.8% after T2. Compared to those with stable drinking (T1 utilization 0.8%, T2 0.8%), mental health acute care utilization risk decreased for patients with a one-level decrease (T1 1.1%, T2 0.9%, p < 0.01) or greater than or equal to two-level decrease (T1 2.5%, T2 1.4%, p < 0.001). Increases in AUDIT-C categories were not associated with increased risk of mental health acute care utilization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Changes in AUDIT-C score categories over time, particularly decreases, may reflect real changes in an important risk of UAU. Changes in alcohol screening scores may offer clinicians, health systems, and researchers meaningful information about changes in health risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of mind deficits in Korsakoff's syndrome and alcohol use disorder: Similar deficits but different underlying cognitive processes.","authors":"Alice Laniepce, Pierre Maurage, Ludivine Ritz, Céline Boudehent, Nicolas Cabé, Shailendra Segobin, Hélène Beaunieux, Anne-Lise Pitel","doi":"10.1111/acer.70135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preliminary studies reported Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). However, they presented several limits as they did not (1) control for key biasing factors (e.g., understanding of the task, amnesia); (2) compare KS with severe alcohol use disorder (sAUD) regarding ToM deficits; (3) explore the links between ToM abilities and other cognitive abilities. We thus directly compared cognitive ToM in patients with KS and sAUD, while considering task understanding and other cognitive deficits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen patients with KS, 70 patients with sAUD, and 69 healthy controls (HC) underwent a neuropsychological examination including a global cognitive screening, working memory and executive tests, as well as a cognitive ToM task designed to reduce cognitive load through the use of nonverbal materials (comic-stories). The ToM task measured the ability to attribute first- and second-order mental states to others and the level of understanding of the story with a control task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found no group effect on performance for the control condition. For both the first- and second-order items of the ToM condition, HC performed significantly better than patients with sAUD and KS, who did not differ from each other. Results remained unchanged when controlling for the performance on the control task. However, when controlling for global cognitive status, patients with KS did not differ from HC anymore, contrary to patients with sAUD who remained altered. When controlling for executive/working memory performance, the main group effect was no longer observed. Flexibility was the only predictor of ToM performance in patients with sAUD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cognitive ToM is similarly affected in patients with KS and sAUD, but global cognitive deterioration may underlie ToM deficits in patients with KS, whereas they may be more specifically related to flexibility impairments in patients with sAUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma apolipoproteins and memory function in alcohol use disorder: Findings in male C57BL/6J mice and men suggest a role for APOAI.","authors":"Berta Escudero, Max Kreifeldt, Kiera Fleck, Catherine Lopez, Candice Contet, Laura Orio","doi":"10.1111/acer.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Memory impairment is frequent among alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients, and we lack specific biomarkers to detect it. Certain apolipoproteins were linked to cognition, and carrying the APOE4 gene is a vulnerability factor to memory impairment in AUD patients. We explored memory deficits in alcohol-dependent male mice and humans versus controls, and their relationship to Apolipoprotein AI (APOAI), apolipoprotein B (APOB), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) plasma levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male C57BL/6J mice underwent voluntary alcohol drinking (two-bottle choice, 2BC) and chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure (CIE) as a model of alcohol dependence; memory was assessed by the Object Location Test (OLT) and Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT). Additionally, male AUD-diagnosed patients were recruited in Spain during an alcohol dishabituation program and assessed by the Wechsler Memory Scale-IV (WMS-IV). Plasma APOAI, APOB, and APOE levels were checked in mice and humans by ELISA kits and Luminex immunoassay technology. APOAI immunolabeling was quantified in mouse brain in early withdrawal and following alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CIE-2BC mice (n = 8) escalated alcohol consumption compared to Air-2BC controls (n = 11) and showed deficits in spatial memory (OLT) and recognition memory (NORT) while AUD patients (n = 12) showed deficits in verbal and visual memory (WMS-IV) versus controls (n = 16). Higher plasma levels of APOAI were detected in CIE-2BC mice and AUD patients, with no differences in APOB and APOE in animals and humans. Significant negative correlations were found between levels of APOAI, APOB, and APOE and memory function tests/scales in the entire sample, with APOAI showing consistent results in both animals and humans. APOAI immunoreactivity was detected in the mice subfornical organ, but the signal did not differ between experimental groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both CIE-2BC mice and AUD patients exhibited elevated plasma levels of APOAI during early abstinence. APOAI correlated with poorer memory performance in both species, suggesting a potential role for this apolipoprotein in the context of alcohol-induced cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Articles of Public Interest","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/acer.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupted decision making in adult male rats after prolonged withdrawal from ethanol vapor exposure.","authors":"Yifeng Cheng, Nikhila Kalapatapu, Patricia H Janak","doi":"10.1111/acer.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic alcohol use disrupts decision making and cognitive flexibility, but its long-term effects after adult exposure remain poorly understood. While prior studies have shown moderate disruptions in behavioral flexibility weeks after ethanol (EtOH) withdrawal, we tested whether such deficits persist after prolonged abstinence (>6 months) in male rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male rats underwent 4 weeks of EtOH vapor or air exposure starting at postnatal day 75. After approximately 7 months of withdrawal, rats (postnatal day ~300) completed a series of reversal learning tasks featuring distinct reward probabilities with deterministic (100/0%) and uncertain (90/10% and 80/20%) schedules. We assessed win-stay and lose-shift behaviors, as well as response latencies. Reinforcement learning (RL) models were fit hierarchically to identify group differences in value updating during reward-guided decision making.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When rats had novel reversal experience under deterministic conditions, ethanol (EtOH)-exposed rats showed increased lose-shift behavior in trials preceding the reversal point. When a moderate outcome uncertainty (90/10) was introduced, EtOH rats displayed reduced win-stay behavior in trials after reversal when learning new contingencies. With continued training under greater outcome uncertainty (80/20), these changes were not manifested. Furthermore, RL models revealed that rats employed distinct learning processes depending on the reward schedule. Across all RL models, EtOH-exposed rats exhibited a consistently high decay of unchosen action values, either through faster forgetting or enhanced updating after negative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate that a remote history of adult alcohol exposure can lead to persistent, uncertainty-sensitive disruptions in reward-based decision making, even after exceptionally long withdrawal.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory analysis of the relationship between ultraprocessed food consumption, alcohol intake, body composition, and cardiometabolic markers in individuals with alcohol use disorder.","authors":"Jennifer J Barb, Lillian C King, Shanna Yang, Sara Turner, Carlotta Vizioli, Ryan E Tyler, Kong Y Chen, Mehdi Farokhnia, Gwenyth R Wallen, Lorenzo Leggio","doi":"10.1111/acer.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) are often high in salt, fat, and sugar and low in fiber and nutrients. Research has suggested that UPFs are associated with all-cause mortality and have recently been proposed to align with properties of addictive substances. While research suggests that people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have poor dietary habits in general, little is known about whether these people consume more UPFs than those without AUD. In an exploratory analysis, we examined how UPFs, diet quality, and added sugars consumption would be associated with other health outcomes in newly abstinent and currently drinking people with AUD and compared those to healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were individuals with AUD who were newly abstinent or currently drinking, and healthy controls. Two weeks of food intake records in an outpatient setting were assessed for UPF, diet quality, and added sugars, and were compared between the three groups. Correlations were assessed across diet and alcohol measures, body composition, resting energy expenditure, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores within each group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All groups consumed similar poor quality diets with >55% usual foods from UPFs and >8% of energy intake from added sugars. Within groups, only the newly abstinent individuals showed associations between ASCVD risk and alcohol use history along with diet quality and body composition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the lack of statistically significant differences in diet quality measures between groups, nutrition support for healthier food choices in people with AUD, especially during alcohol recovery, should be carefully investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of blood phosphatidylethanol as an alcohol consumption biomarker in patients with alcohol use disorder and liver disease at a liver transplant center.","authors":"J Watt, K C Morley, P S Haber, D Seth","doi":"10.1111/acer.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phosphatidylethanol (PEth), ethyl glucuronide (EtG), and ethyl sulphate (EtS) are highly sensitive and specific biomarkers of alcohol intake. This study investigated their application and relationship to traditional self-report measures in a mixed cohort of liver disease patients to guide decision making in liver transplant populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 183 participants (mean age 49.2 years, 62% male), with N = 99 liver disease (88% alcohol-associated liver disease [ALD]), N = 35 alcohol use disorder (AUD), and N = 49 healthy volunteers. Patient-reported alcohol intake and AUDIT score served as references and were compared to traditional biomarkers, PEth and serum EtG/EtS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and a range of biomarker cutoffs were examined to determine optimal test characteristics. A subset of blood samples modified to a standardized hematocrit analyzed the relationship between hematocrit and PEth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to traditional biomarkers, both PEth and EtG were sensitive and specific for alcohol intake. At the limit of detection (LOD), PEth was 95% sensitive at detecting any drinking. PEth cutoff of 300 μg/L was 86% sensitive and 92% specific for \"heavy drinking,\" and 600 μg/L was 88% sensitive and specific for \"very heavy drinking.\" PEth displayed superior test characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC) to all measured traditional biomarkers over two-day and one-month time frames. A subset of participants suspected of drinking but reporting abstinence had positive PEth tests (35%), suggestive of unreported drinking. PEth was positively correlated with hematocrit (r² = 0.83, p < 0.01) and correction to a standardized median resulted in increases in PEth concentration in most cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PEth is clinically useful as an alcohol biomarker in patients with liver disease and is superior to traditional biomarkers, providing good test characteristics for \"heavy\" and \"very heavy\" drinking using stepwise cutoffs. PEth detected a subset of patients underreporting their alcohol use, with implications for the management of patients in liver transplant clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of agitation and aggression in inpatients with alcohol use disorder: A systematic review of informant-based scales.","authors":"Willem S Eikelboom, Denice S A M Verberkt, Yvonne C M Rensen, Gwenny T L Janssen, Roy P C Kessels","doi":"10.1111/acer.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Agitation and aggression are commonly observed in inpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Adequate assessment is essential to provide appropriate care for these behaviors. To date, a systematic evaluation of existing measurement scales for use in AUD is lacking. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of existing informant-based scales to assess agitation and/or aggression and to evaluate their psychometric properties and applicability in people with AUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Existing reviews on the assessment of agitation and/or aggression in psychiatric populations and neurocognitive disorders were searched to identify existing instruments to assess agitation and aggression. Next, for each scale, systematic literature searches were conducted in Embase, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO to evaluate the use in AUD and to identify psychometric studies using a validated methodological search filter. We applied the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) to evaluate the psychometric properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 20 unique scales for which we identified 86 studies reporting on psychometric properties and 65 studies that used any of these scales in AUD. To assess agitation and aggression retrospectively, the Rating Scale for Aggressive Behavior in the Elderly (RAGE) and Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) have the best psychometric qualities. The Pittsburgh Agitation Scale (PAS) showed the best psychometric properties of all scales that assess agitation and aggression during a prospective observation period. To assess agitation and aggression following an incident, the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) has the best psychometric properties. Sixty-five studies used any of the included scales to assess agitation and/or aggression in individuals with AUD, with the MOAS and OAS as the most commonly used scales within the AUD population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review is the first to provide an overview of existing scales to assess agitation and aggression together with their psychometric properties and use in AUD. Findings guide clinicians and researchers to select the most appropriate instruments to improve the diagnosis and treatment of agitation and aggression in AUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}