Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)最新文献

{"title":"Insomnia treatment effects on negative emotionality among veterans in treatment for alcohol use disorder","authors":"Mary Beth Miller,&nbsp;Ryan W. Carpenter,&nbsp;Melissa Nance,&nbsp;Lindsey K. Freeman,&nbsp;Jane Metrik,&nbsp;Brian Borsari,&nbsp;Christina S. McCrae,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Merrill,&nbsp;Kate B. Carey,&nbsp;John E. McGeary","doi":"10.1111/acer.15436","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15436","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insomnia symptoms are pervasive and persistent in alcohol use disorder (AUD), though little is known about the mechanisms that underlie this association. We previously found that cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) reduced alcohol-related problems among veterans by improving insomnia severity (NCT03806491). In this planned secondary analysis of the same clinical trial data, we tested negative emotionality as one potential mechanism to explain this effect. Specifically, we tested the change in negative emotionality as a mediator of the association between change in insomnia symptoms and alcohol-related outcomes (craving, heavy drinking frequency, and alcohol-related problems).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 67 veterans in treatment for AUD who also met the criteria for insomnia disorder (91% male, 84% White, average age = 46.3 years). Participants were randomized to five sessions of CBT-I or a single-session sleep hygiene control. Assessments occurred at baseline, immediately posttreatment (~6 weeks after baseline), and at 6-week follow-up. Measures included the Insomnia Severity Index, Penn Alcohol Craving Scale, Timeline Followback, and Short Inventory of Problems. We created a latent negative emotionality indicator based on five validated and reliable measures of negative emotionality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contrary to hypotheses, CBT-I did not improve negative emotionality relative to sleep hygiene control. However, across both treatment conditions, decreases in insomnia symptoms from baseline to posttreatment were associated with concurrent decreases in negative emotionality, which in turn predicted reductions in alcohol craving and heavy drinking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Negative emotionality may help explain links between insomnia symptoms and alcohol-related outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2126-2136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Links between adolescent binge drinking and midlife alcohol use behaviors by age, sex, and race/ethnicity","authors":"Megan E. Patrick,&nbsp;Sarah J. Peterson,&nbsp;Yuk C. Pang,&nbsp;Yvonne M. Terry-McElrath","doi":"10.1111/acer.15435","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15435","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol use is increasing among adults in midlife (i.e., ages 35–60), but few studies examine specific alcohol use behaviors in this age group. We examined measures of typical drinks, maximum drinks, binge drinking, and high-intensity drinking by age, sex, and race/ethnicity among midlife adults, as well as the prospective association between age 18 binge drinking and midlife behaviors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 5180 respondents participating in the national Monitoring the Future Panel study who were aged 35–60 in 2022 (followed since they were in 12th grade in 1980–2005) were used to estimate past 30-day midlife drinking behaviors (i.e., typical drinks, maximum drinks, binge, and high-intensity drinking) by age group, sex, and race/ethnicity. Associations between age 18 binge drinking status and midlife drinking outcomes were examined, as well as moderation by sociodemographic characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across ages 35–60, the mean typical number of drinks on drinking days within the past month ranged from 1.4 to 1.8; the mean maximum drinks ranged from 2.3 to 3.2. Past-month binge and high-intensity drinking prevalence ranged from 19.1% to 31.2% and 3.6% to 8.1%, respectively. Estimates of drinking behaviors were generally higher among respondents aged 35–40 (vs. older age groups), males (vs. females), those identifying as White (vs. other racial/ethnic groups), and those who reported age 18 binge drinking (vs. not). Adolescent binge drinking was a stronger predictor of high-intensity drinking among females than males and of typical and maximum drinks among older (age 60) than younger (age 35) respondents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Binge and high-intensity drinking were reported by a meaningful percentage of the US midlife adults. Binge drinking in adolescence was a predictor of subsequent alcohol-related risks. These long-term connections were especially strong among females. Age 18 binge drinking was a stronger predictor of high-intensity drinking at age 60 than earlier in midlife, underscoring that adolescent binge drinking is a key indicator of risk across the lifespan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2060-2069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From detection to intervention, optimizing care for patients with alcohol use disorder and advanced hepatic fibrosis","authors":"Paola Zuluaga,&nbsp;Suthat Liangpunsakul","doi":"10.1111/acer.15473","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15473","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Nearly half of the world's population consumes alcohol, with approximately 20% engaging in binge drinking and 5%–10% drinking excessively over the long term (Manthey et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Alcohol consumption is a leading cause of liver disease and mortality in both the United States and Europe, contributing to a significant public health burden (Karlsen et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). The risk of developing alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) varies widely among individuals, influenced by factors such as genetics (Schwantes-An et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Yuan et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), socioeconomic status (Askgaard et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), and specific drinking patterns (Aberg et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Additionally, the stigma surrounding heavy drinking complicates accurate tracking of alcohol intake, leading to underreporting and misdiagnosis (Schomerus et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Unlike many other liver diseases, ALD is often diagnosed late, typically after serious complications from portal hypertension or advanced fibrosis have developed (Shah et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The progression of liver disease in heavy drinkers is heterogeneous; while some individuals develop severe liver problems rapidly, others may experience a slower progression or remain relatively unaffected for years (Israelsen et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Noninvasive tests (NITs) play a crucial role in identifying high-risk patients who require intervention, distinguishing them from those at lower risk (Israelsen et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Early detection through NITs focuses on two critical scenarios: screening at-risk individuals for significant liver fibrosis and diagnosing or predicting outcomes for patients with advanced liver disease (Israelsen et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Liver fibrosis, a key predictor of liver failure and mortality in asymptomatic ALD patients, can be assessed using various methods (Israelsen et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). These include elastography-based tools such as liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and blood-based markers such as the fibrosis-4 test (FIB-4) (Israelsen et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). While LSM provides valuable insights into liver stiffness, its availability is limited, particularly in nonspecialist settings, which restricts its use for routine screening and early detection of fibrosis (Israelsen et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). In contrast, blood-based biomarkers such as the FIB-4 test may offer a more convenient and accessible option for screening, allowing for easier implementation in various healthcare settings (Israelsen et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Patients with excessive alcohol use (EAU) or alcohol use disorder (AUD) represent a critical population for screening for advanced fibrosis and ALD, primarily due to their significantly elevated risk of liver damage. Prolonged heavy drinking can lead to the development of liver fibrosis, rendering AUD patients particularly susceptible to more severe liver diseases. Our ","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2253-2255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drinking firsts at home and with parental knowledge: Racial/ethnic differences in associations with later alcohol outcomes among underage youth","authors":"Sharon Lipperman-Kreda,&nbsp;Kristina Wharton,&nbsp;Tammy Chung,&nbsp;Carolyn E. Sartor,&nbsp;Kristina M. Jackson,&nbsp;Tim Slade","doi":"10.1111/acer.15471","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15471","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prior research has shown that early alcohol experiences, such as age of initiation and speed of progression between drinking milestones, vary across racial/ethnic groups. To inform culturally tailored prevention efforts, this longitudinal study examined racial/ethnic differences in the associations of drinking firsts at home and with parental knowledge with alcohol use outcomes among underage youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included baseline and five follow-up surveys, collected every 6 months, from California adolescents (ages 12–16 years at baseline). The analytic sample was composed of the 689 adolescents who reported lifetime alcohol use at baseline or a follow-up survey (5% Black, 37% Latinx, 46% White, and 12% other/mixed racial/ethnic group; 54% female). Participants who reported consumption of a full drink, intoxication, or heavy episodic drinking (HED) were asked ages and contexts of these drinking firsts, including whether the initiation was at their own home and whether their parents/guardians knew about this drinking event. Outcomes included past-6-month alcohol frequency, alcohol quantity, and number of alcohol-related problems. Multilevel negative binomial regression analyses were conducted, controlling for demographics and age of initiation by type of drinking behavior. Moderation analyses examined racial/ethnic differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For consumption of the first full drink, both drinking at home and parental knowledge were negatively associated with all outcomes; associations did not vary by race/ethnicity. First intoxication at own home was negatively associated with the number of drinks for Latinx youth and with the number of problems for Black youth. For first HED, drinking at own home was positively associated with drinking frequency across groups, and for Black youth specifically, parental knowledge of their first HED experience was significantly associated with greater later alcohol frequency and quantity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results suggest that the association of family contexts of drinking first with later alcohol outcomes among underage youth varied by stage of alcohol use and race/ethnicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2378-2390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering what young adults want in electronic interventions aimed at reducing alcohol-related consequences","authors":"Chelsea D. Mackey,&nbsp;Gage L. Sibik,&nbsp;Victoria Szydlowski,&nbsp;Jessica A. Blayney,&nbsp;Christine M. Lee,&nbsp;Mary E. Larimer,&nbsp;Brittney A. Hultgren","doi":"10.1111/acer.15439","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15439","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite intervention efforts, negative alcohol-related consequences continue to impact young adults. Most alcohol interventions focus on reducing alcohol consumption; however, previous research indicates that focusing solely on alcohol use may not decrease consequences. Additionally, many alcohol interventions have diminishing engagement, and few are designed with young adults involved in the development process. Drawing on user-centered design, this study sought to understand young adult perceptions, preferences, and needs for electronic interventions specifically aimed at reducing alcohol consequences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using semi-structured qualitative interviews, 21 young adult drinkers (ages 18–24; 57.1% female) shared their opinions regarding the need for electronic interventions (i.e., mobile or web-delivered) to reduce alcohol consequences as well as their preferences for content, features, and ways to increase engagement. Interviews were coded and analyzed using a multi-step thematic analysis approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As part of our discovery phase of intervention development, content coding revealed four main themes. Participants perceived several <i>benefits of interventions</i> focused on alcohol consequences, such as promoting mindful alcohol use and reducing alcohol-related harms. Participants also discussed <i>perceived limitations</i> of such programs, including believing consequences from drinking are unavoidable, necessary for learning, and associated with peer pressure. <i>Preferences for features</i> included real-time tracking, personalized feedback, and psychoeducation along with <i>preferences for design</i> including non-judgmental framing, interactive content, and a user-friendly platform.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Engaging end users early in the development process is a valuable approach to increase intervention relevancy with the target population. This can also inform intervention content and design to maximize engagement and satisfaction (e.g., framing, features, and interactivity) while also reducing barriers identified early on (e.g., peer pressure).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2145-2159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delay discounting of rewards and losses, alcohol use, and the influence of socioeconomic factors: A cross-sectional online study in frequent drinkers","authors":"Mathieu Pinger,&nbsp;Malin Skirke,&nbsp;Janine Thome,&nbsp;Wolfgang H. Sommer,&nbsp;Georgia Koppe,&nbsp;Peter Kirsch","doi":"10.1111/acer.15469","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15469","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Delay discounting describes the devaluation of future outcomes over time and is a popular behavioral construct in addiction research. Prior studies show modest yet consistent associations between problematic alcohol use and delayed reward discounting (DRD). However, the potential confounding influence of socioeconomic status (SES, e.g., income and education) is rarely addressed. In this study, we aimed to investigate the robustness of DRD as a predictor of alcohol use after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic variables. Additionally, we aimed to test the association between delayed loss discounting (DLD) and alcohol use in a sufficiently large sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collected data from 341 moderate-to-heavy-drinking participants (27.92 ± 21.12 g alcohol/day, 43.48 ± 11.90 years old, 49.9% female, UK residents) in a cross-sectional online study. DRD and DLD were measured using an intertemporal choice task. Questionnaires encompassed alcohol use (AUDIT, weekly alcohol consumption), education and income, subjective measures of past and present socioeconomic status, and impulsivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DRD, but not DLD, was significantly associated with AUDIT scores (<i>r</i> = 0.15) and weekly alcohol consumption (<i>r</i> = 0.12). DRD remained a significant yet weak predictor of AUDIT scores when controlling for education and income, but not when controlling for education and age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We replicated a small but robust association between alcohol use and DRD, but not DLD. This association appeared to be confounded by education and age, but not by income. We conclude that socioeconomic and demographic variables should systematically be accounted for in future studies investigating DRD and alcohol use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2364-2377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of circulating adipokines with metabolic measures among people with HIV: Moderating effects of alcohol use","authors":"Liz Simon,&nbsp;Hui-Yi Lin,&nbsp;Jonquil Poret,&nbsp;Curtis Vande Stouwe,&nbsp;Tekeda F. Ferguson,&nbsp;David A. Welsh,&nbsp;Patricia E. Molina","doi":"10.1111/acer.15464","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15464","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for cardiometabolic comorbidities. We have reported that lifetime alcohol use among people with HIV (PWH) is associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome. Dysfunctional adipose tissue and altered circulating adipokines mediate metabolic dysregulation. The objective of this study was to determine the associations of circulating adipokine concentration with metabolic measures, and the moderating effects of lifetime and recent alcohol use in PWH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from 357 PWH at their baseline visit of the longitudinal New Orleans Alcohol and HIV (NOAH) study. The concentrations of four circulating adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and fatty acid-binding protein 4 [FABP4]) and their associations with five metabolic measures (triglycerides, cholesterol, Hemoglobin A1c, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, and metabolic syndrome) were examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher circulating adiponectin was associated with increased odds of normal triglyceride, cholesterol, and Hemoglobin A1c levels. Increased leptin and FABP4 concentrations were associated with decreased odds of normal triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Increased leptin and FABP4 concentrations were associated with increased odds of insulin resistance and meeting criteria for metabolic syndrome. Increased circulating resistin concentration was associated with decreased odds of normal triglyceride levels and increased odds of meeting criteria for metabolic syndrome. Additionally, among PWH with increased lifetime alcohol use, higher adiponectin concentration was associated with decreased odds of meeting criteria for metabolic syndrome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data suggest the interplay between adiponectin, leptin, FABP4, and resistin may contribute to metabolic stability among PWH. Moreover, lifetime, but not recent, alcohol use moderates the relationship between adipokines and metabolic measures. These data highlight the relevance of functional adipose tissue mass and associated circulating adipokine levels in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, and its moderation by lifetime alcohol consumption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2281-2293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid droplet-associated proteins in alcohol-associated fatty liver disease: A proteomic approach","authors":"Sathish Kumar Perumal,&nbsp;Le Z. Day,&nbsp;Madan Kumar Arumugam,&nbsp;Srinivas Chava,&nbsp;Vikas Kumar,&nbsp;Natalia A. Osna,&nbsp;Jon Jacobs,&nbsp;Karuna Rasineni,&nbsp;Kusum K. Kharbanda","doi":"10.1111/acer.15446","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15446","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The earliest manifestation of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is steatosis characterized by deposition of fat in specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). While alcohol administration causes a rise in LD numbers in the hepatocytes, little is known regarding their characteristics that allow their accumulation and size to increase. The aim of the present study is to gain insights into underlying pathophysiological mechanisms by investigating the ethanol-induced changes in hepatic LD proteome as a function of LD size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adult male Wistar rats (180–200 g BW) were fed with ethanol liquid diet for 6 weeks. At sacrifice, large-, medium-, and small-sized hepatic LD subpopulations (LD1, LD2, and LD3, respectively) were isolated and subjected to morphological and proteomic analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Morphological analysis of LD1-LD3 fractions of ethanol-fed rats clearly demonstrated that LD1 contained larger LDs compared with LD2 and LD3 fractions. Our preliminary results from principal component analysis showed that the proteome of different-sized hepatic LD fractions was distinctly different. Proteomic data analysis identified over 2000 proteins in each LD fraction with significant alterations in protein abundance among the three LD fractions. Among the altered proteins, several were related to fat metabolism, including synthesis, incorporation of fatty acid, and lipolysis. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed increased fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid incorporation, LD fusion, and reduced lipolysis in LD1 compared to LD3. Overall, the proteomic findings indicate that the increased level of protein that facilitates fusion of LDs combined with an increased association of negative regulators of lipolysis dictates the generation of large-sized LDs during the development of alcohol-associated hepatic steatosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several significantly altered proteins were identified in different-sized LDs isolated from livers of ethanol-fed rats. Ethanol-induced increases in specific proteins that hinder LD lipid metabolism led to the accumulation and persistence of large-sized LDs in the liver.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2010-2021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphatidylethanol testing and return to alcohol use after liver transplantation: Implications for candidate selection and care","authors":"Hanna Blaney,&nbsp;Suthat Liangpunsakul","doi":"10.1111/acer.15467","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2249-2252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the role of reinforcing activities and time horizon in recovery: Commentary on Bickel, Witkiewitz, Athamneh, Kuhlemeier—“Recovery from alcohol use disorder: Reinforcer pathology theory, measurement, and methods”","authors":"James R. McKay","doi":"10.1111/acer.15466","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15466","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The article by Bickel et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) makes a case for a new theory of recovery from alcohol and drug use disorders, referred to as “Reinforcer Pathology Theory,” or RP. Two of the central assertions of RP are that recovery is aided by (1) greater involvement in reinforcing alcohol- or drug-free activities, and (2) extending one's temporal window, so less delay discounting occurs (Bickel et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). The authors provide a helpful and concise review of research findings that support the importance of these two factors in explaining how individuals reduce the use of alcohol and other drugs. However, they note that almost all the research has been correlational and focused specifically on substance use rather than recovery, which according to a new National Institute on Alcohol and Alcoholism (NIAAA) definition also includes improvements in psychosocial functioning and quality of life (Hagman et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). The article looks at how RP theory may also apply to the concept of recovery, presents new data that is said to support the theory, and describes a new NIAAA-funded study that examines predictors and correlates of recovery over 12 years with a novel, accelerated longitudinal design.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The theoretical basis behind RP is convincing. The theory matches up well with research findings on delay discounting and clinical observations regarding the importance to recovery of engagement in meaningful, rewarding activities, as well as the problems posed by too much of a continued preference for immediate rewards. There seems to be no obvious reason why prior research findings regarding delayed discounting focused on abstinence would not apply to the broader concept of recovery as well. However, given that many existing treatments devote at least some attention to increasing time spent in rewarding activities and addressing impulsivity and preference for immediate rewards (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT], community reinforcement approach, and Alcoholics Anonymous [AA]), I am not sure that RP should be considered a new theory. Rather, it seems more a repackaging of ideas about important factors in addiction and recovery that have been with us for a while now, but perhaps have not been put together in this manner before.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To provide support for RP, the authors present new analyses from Project MATCH (Project MATCH Research Group, &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;), which demonstrate that more alcohol-free activities and higher reinforcing value of alcohol-free activities assessed 6 months after the end of treatment are associated with a greater likelihood of being in recovery about 2 years later. They also present a new 5-year study that makes use of a novel, accelerated longitudinal design to be able to examine predictors of recovery over a 12-year period. These sections of the article are fascinating, and I eagerly look forward to seeing the results of the new study. To their credit, the authors are also clear about","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2246-2248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}