Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)最新文献

{"title":"Symposia","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/acer.70313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"50 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calpain-4 Knockdown Modulates Cholesterol Metabolism and LXRα Nuclear Localization in Experimental Alcohol-Related Liver Disease","authors":"Noriko Kitano,&nbsp;Jiang Li,&nbsp;Sam Taborski,&nbsp;Charis-Marie Vanderpuye,&nbsp;Pooja Muddasani,&nbsp;Sudrishti Chaudhary,&nbsp;Jia-Jun Liu,&nbsp;Silvia Liu,&nbsp;Juliane I. Beier,&nbsp;Josepmaria Argemi,&nbsp;Ramon Bataller,&nbsp;Gavin E. Arteel","doi":"10.1111/acer.70356","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70356","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ethanol affects lipid metabolism through multiple pathways, leading to fatty liver development in most alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) patients. Recent studies have highlighted the role of calpain, a calcium-dependent protease, in liver inflammation and fibrosis. Calpain activity is regulated by its essential subunit, Capns1 (calpain-4), which stabilizes and modulates the activity of its catalytic isoforms, calpain-1 and calpain-2. This study investigated calpain's impact on lipid metabolism in ALD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six-week-old C57Bl6/J mice were injected with rAAV8 vectors encoding Capns1 shRNA or control vectors. After 4 weeks, mice underwent a 10-day period of ad libitum ethanol consumption, followed by a single gavaged ethanol administration on day 11.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Capns1 knockdown attenuated ethanol-induced microvesicular steatosis. Hepatic triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were not significantly altered, whereas cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in the ethanol group with Capns1 knockdown. <i>Cpt1a</i> expression increased significantly in the ethanol group with Capns1 knockdown. Western blot analysis revealed increased Cleaved-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) to Pro-HMGCR ratio in Capns1-knockdown mice, suggesting reduced HMGCR activity and suppressed cholesterol biosynthesis. LXRα expression was mainly increased in the cytoplasm in the ethanol group, and following Capns1 knockdown, it was relocalized to the nucleus via its activation. In addition, RNA sequencing analysis indicated that Capns1 knockdown contributes to the reprogramming of ethanol-induced disruptions in metabolic pathways, primarily those involving cholesterol metabolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Further investigation into the relationship between Capns1 and cholesterol biosynthesis proteins may provide insights into using calpain inhibitors as a therapeutic approach for alcohol-related liver disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Personalized Feedback About ALDH2*2, Alcohol Use, and Associated Health Risks on Drinking Intention and Consumption: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Perceived Threat","authors":"Emily B. Saldich,&nbsp;Christopher R. Beam,&nbsp;Mark H. C. Lai,&nbsp;John R. Monterosso,&nbsp;Kyla-Rose Walden,&nbsp;Christian S. Hendershot,&nbsp;Katie Witkiewitz,&nbsp;Julie O. Culver,&nbsp;Susan E. Luczak","doi":"10.1111/acer.70291","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70291","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The genetic variant <i>ALDH2*2</i>, associated with alcohol-related flushing, is a risk factor for alcohol-related health problems. The public has been largely unaware of these risks, suggesting potential for educational interventions to reduce harms among at-risk individuals. Self-efficacy and threat perception are mechanisms of health behavior change that may explain discrepancies in how people respond to health risk information. In the current pilot study, we examined the effects of a brief feedback intervention about the health risks related to flushing, <i>ALDH2*2</i>, and alcohol use on participants' intention to change their drinking and their past-month heaviest week drinking quantity. We also evaluated whether self-efficacy and threat perception related to intention to change drinking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 360 Asian American undergraduates (58% female; age 17–25). Participants were randomized to view (1) phenotype feedback about the alcohol-related cancer risk associated with flushing and <i>ALDH2*2</i> (PHEN), (2) PHEN plus their own <i>ALDH2</i> genotype (PHEN+GENE), or (3) an attention control session (CONTROL). Participants who completed the feedback (<i>n</i> = 324) reported their intention to change their drinking post-feedback and their recent alcohol consumption, self-efficacy, and threat perception at baseline and 1-, 4-, 7-, and 10-month post-feedback.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Those in PHEN+GENE had significantly higher intention to change drinking compared with those in CONTROL regardless of <i>ALDH2*2</i> status. A significant interaction was found between self-efficacy and threat perception in predicting intention to change drinking. Higher intention to change drinking did not relate to decreased heaviest week drinking quantity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Receiving risk feedback was associated with greater intention to change drinking among both <i>ALDH2*2</i>(+) and <i>ALDH2*2</i>(−) participants, but intention to change was not found to be associated with a decrease in heaviest week drinking quantity. Future work in larger samples will further examine self-efficacy and threat perception as potential mechanisms underlying participants' intention to change their drinking behavior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04967599</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Pain Acceptance Moderates the Association Between Pain Intensity and Alcohol Use Severity Among Veterans With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain","authors":"Kyle M. White,&nbsp;Victoria E. Carlin,&nbsp;Joon Kyung Nam,&nbsp;Joseph W. Ditre","doi":"10.1111/acer.70305","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70305","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic pain and hazardous alcohol use are prevalent and commonly co-occur among US veterans. A growing literature highlights pain as a motivator of alcohol consumption, with evidence suggesting more intense pain is associated with an increased likelihood of drinking for pain management. Although chronic pain acceptance (i.e., willingness to experience chronic pain and its sequelae while maintaining engagement in valued life activities) has emerged as a protective factor in the context of opioid-related behavior, its role in shaping pain-alcohol relations has not been examined. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to test chronic pain acceptance as a moderator of the association between pain intensity and alcohol use severity among veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Veterans (<i>N</i> = 429; <i>M</i>_age = 56.6) were recruited via Qualtrics Panels for an online survey. Measures included the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Hierarchical linear regression and conditional effects models were used to test associations between pain intensity, chronic pain acceptance, and alcohol use severity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic pain acceptance moderated the relationship between pain intensity and alcohol use severity, with a positive association observed at low but not moderate or high levels of acceptance. Exploratory subgroup analyses among veterans scoring above threshold for hazardous drinking also revealed an interaction, though none of the conditional effects were statistically significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current findings suggest that higher levels of chronic pain acceptance may buffer the impact of pain on alcohol use. Additional research is needed to evaluate the utility of acceptance-based interventions for veterans with co-occurring chronic pain and hazardous drinking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Impact of Trial Length on Detecting Medication Effects for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Meta-Regression Study","authors":"Malia A. Belnap,&nbsp;Katie Witkiewitz,&nbsp;Joseph P. Schacht,&nbsp;Raymond F. Anton,&nbsp;Arnie P. Aldridge,&nbsp;Steven J. Nieto,&nbsp;Lara A. Ray","doi":"10.1111/acer.70306","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70306","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends a minimum duration of 6 months for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The relationship between trial length and treatment effects is not well understood. The current study conducted meta-regression analyses of RCTs for AUD to examine the association between trial length and observed medication effect sizes in clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This secondary data analysis utilized data from a systematic literature review that identified 139 pharmacotherapy RCTs for AUD conducted between 1985 and 2023. Meta-regressions were conducted using the <i>metafor</i> package in R to examine whether shorter (&lt; 12 weeks) or longer (&gt; 12 weeks) trials differed in observed medication effect sizes for abstinence- and drinking-based endpoints, relative to 12-week trials, which represented the median trial duration. Publication bias was addressed using a weight-function model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For abstinence-based endpoints, neither shorter (&lt; 12 weeks; <i>β</i> = 0.13, SE = 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.54) nor longer (&gt; 12 weeks; <i>β</i> = 0.11, SE = 0.11, <i>p</i> = 0.30) trials differed significantly from the 12-week reference group in observed medication effect sizes. Similarly, for drinking-based endpoints, neither shorter (&lt; 12 weeks; <i>β</i> = −0.07, SE = 0.09, <i>p</i> = 0.39) nor longer (&gt; 12 weeks; <i>β</i> = 0.06, SE = 0.05, <i>p</i> = 0.26) trials differed significantly from 12-week trials in observed medication effect sizes. All results remained nonsignificant after adjusting for publication bias. In sensitivity analyses restricted to trials with statistically significant effect sizes, trials &gt; 12 weeks showed smaller estimated treatment effects compared to trials ≤ 12 weeks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observed medication effect sizes did not differ significantly across trial lengths for abstinence and drinking-based endpoints, except for analyses restricted to trials with significant effect sizes, where there was an advantage for trials that were 12 weeks or shorter. These findings inform efforts to optimize AUD RCT design.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing In Vivo Exposure to Alcohol Content in the Media: Media Platform, Engagement, and Associations With Attitudes","authors":"Kristina M. Jackson,&nbsp;Joy Gabrielli,&nbsp;Suzanne M. Colby,&nbsp;Tyler B. Wray,&nbsp;Michelle L. Rogers,&nbsp;Tim Janssen,&nbsp;Erin Corcoran,&nbsp;Shimei Nelapati,&nbsp;Alex Clement,&nbsp;Matthew Meisel","doi":"10.1111/acer.70311","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70311","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol-related content in media is overwhelmingly presented positively, and exposure to this content is linked to adolescent drinking. Yet, less is known about how often adolescents encounter alcohol content via media, how exposure varies across platforms, and how adolescents typically engage with such content. We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods to collect detailed, real-time data about alcohol-related content encountered across a variety of digital media sources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High school students recruited through social media (<i>N</i> = 302; mean age = 16.2; 63.9% female sex) completed three 21-day EMA bursts spaced 4 months apart. Participants reported alcohol-related content encountered via scheduled and self-initiated smartphone surveys, yielding 55,352 total reports, including 8792 with alcohol content. We fit multilevel models to evaluate momentary associations between exposure to alcohol content and cognitive outcomes (personal attitudes, perceived peer norms, beliefs that content promotes alcohol use).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nearly all participants (99.3%) reported exposure to alcohol-related content during the monitoring period. The most common sources were Instagram (32.4% of alcohol reports), TikTok (18.1%), and YouTube (7.8%). About one-third of exposures originated from influencers; nearly half of YouTube and Instagram exposures involved industry sources. In-depth engagement (e.g., commenting) with content was rare, although engagement requiring minimal effort (“liking”) was endorsed for 25.6% of content reports. Encountering alcohol content on Instagram and Snapchat was associated with personal disapproval of the content; there were few associations with perceived peer norms. Engagement significantly predicted more cognitions favoring alcohol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents frequently encounter alcohol content across diverse platforms, often from influencers and industry. Much of the content was believed to promote alcohol use. Although behavioral engagement was limited, exposure was linked to attitudes toward content encountered on some platforms. Greater understanding of components and contexts to be targeted for just-in-time interventions delivered in proximity to in vivo exposures can reduce risk for early alcohol engagement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-Person and Between-Person Risk Perceptions Predict Driving After Drinking: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study","authors":"Charles A. Darmour,&nbsp;Maria Costanza Benvenuti,&nbsp;Jacob G. Stork,&nbsp;Tionna M. Hough,&nbsp;Denis M. McCarthy","doi":"10.1111/acer.70355","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70355","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol-impaired driving (AID) remains a significant public health concern, accounting for approximately 30% of vehicle fatalities annually in the United States. Despite widely negative attitudes toward AID, many adults report driving after drinking. Day-to-day changes in how people think about AID may explain this inconsistency. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine how both stable patterns and day-to-day changes in perceived danger of driving, willingness to drive, and subjective intoxication predict real-world driving after drinking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (<i>N</i> = 113) from a Midwestern community completed six weeks of EMA data collection. Daily morning surveys assessed the previous night's drinking and transportation decisions, while repeated evening surveys measured perceived danger of driving, willingness to drive, subjective intoxication, and breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) using portable breathalyzer devices. Mixed-effects models examined day- and person-level cognitions as predictors of driving behavior while accounting for alcohol consumption via BrAC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants reported driving on nearly half of drinking days. On days when people perceived driving as more dangerous and felt more intoxicated than usual, they were less likely to drive. Moreover, on days when people were more willing to drive than usual, they were more likely to drive. These patterns held after accounting for BrAC. Additionally, people who typically experience stronger subjective effects of alcohol were less likely to drive on days when their breathalyzer readings were high (BrAC ≥ 0.05%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Day-to-day changes in how people perceive the dangers of driving and how intoxicated they feel predict whether they drive after drinking, even at high BrAC. People who typically experience strong subjective effects from alcohol appear especially responsive to objective indicators of high intoxication levels. Findings support developing real-time interventions that combine subjective feelings of intoxication with objective measures such as breathalyzers to promote safer transportation choices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03846050</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baclofen Modulates Neural Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Treatment-Seeking Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder","authors":"Warren B. Logge,&nbsp;Tristan P. Hurzeler,&nbsp;Paul S. Haber,&nbsp;Laurence Mealing,&nbsp;Andrew J. Baillie,&nbsp;Kirsten C. Morley","doi":"10.1111/acer.70332","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70332","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Chronic alcohol use alters brain networks related to reward and stress regulation, contributing to alcohol use disorder (AUD). Baclofen, a GABA&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt; receptor agonist, reduces cue-elicited neural responses and alcohol consumption, but its effects on intrinsic functional connectivity remain unclear. This study investigates the dose-specific effects of baclofen on intrinsic resting-state functional connectivity in treatment-seeking individuals with AUD.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, 29 participants with AUD were randomized to receive placebo (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10), low-dose baclofen (30 mg/day, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10), or high-dose baclofen (75 mg/day, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 9) for 12 weeks. Resting-state fMRI data were collected at rest during week 2. A data-driven parcellation approach assessed connectivity patterns across the brain and associations with percentage of heavy drinking days and percentage of days abstinent post scan were examined in an exploratory analysis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Compared to placebo, high-dose baclofen was associated with significant differences in intrinsic connectivity in brain regions linked with reward, stress, attentional, and salience networks. Higher connectivity was observed between the somatomotor network and regions involved in stress regulation (e.g., hypothalamus) and reward processing, while lower connectivity was observed within salience and attentional networks. These changes were not observed in the low-dose or placebo groups. Although nonsignificant, associations between MES and clinical outcomes demonstrated moderate, directionally consistent effects for abstinence-related outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;High-dose baclofen may modulate intrinsic brain connectivity in key networks implicated in AUD, including systems involved in attention and stress regulation. Although statistically significant relationships between functional connectivity and clinical outcomes were not identified, trends suggest that connectivity differences between high-dose baclofen and placebo may be relevant to treatment response. These neurobiological findings provide additional support for baclofen as a dose-dependent pharmacotherapy for AUD and highlight the need for larger samples to clarify the relationship between intrinsic connectivity and clinical outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Trial Registr","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of International Guidelines for Addressing Alcohol Use Disorder in Pregnancy","authors":"Caroline B. Cary,&nbsp;Emily O.B. Hynes,&nbsp;Mishka Terplan,&nbsp;Kelly A. McNamara,&nbsp;Vitor S. Tardelli,&nbsp;Thiago M. Fidalgo,&nbsp;Jennifer K. Bello,&nbsp;Michelle Doering,&nbsp;Richard A. Grucza,&nbsp;Hendrée E. Jones,&nbsp;Ryan Duggal,&nbsp;Jeannie C. Kelly,&nbsp;Silvia S. Martins,&nbsp;Caitlin E. Martin,&nbsp;Kevin Young Xu","doi":"10.1111/acer.70330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70330","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite well-documented harms of prenatal alcohol exposure, evidence-based treatment guidelines for alcohol use disorder (AUD) during pregnancy remain limited. We systematically reviewed international clinical practice guidelines to examine how they address the full cascade of AUD care during pregnancy, including diagnosis, engagement, treatment initiation, and retention. We searched over 40 clinical practice guideline databases (including PubMed and Guidelines International Network) and gray literature sources globally, identifying 1045 records. Using the Population, Interventions, Comparators, Attributes, Recommendation Characteristics (PICAR) framework, we evaluated guidelines from medical organizations in English-speaking nations addressing alcohol use and AUD management in pregnancy. Our final analysis included 18 guidelines from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia/New Zealand, and the World Health Organization published from 2014 to the present. Two reviewers independently assessed each guideline using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation-Recommendations Excellence (AGREE-REX) framework to evaluate quality and risk of bias. We used narrative synthesis to summarize findings across key concepts and care cascade stages. Nearly all guidelines (94%) described risks of alcohol exposure and recommended counseling on cessation (89%), yet few extended beyond these early cascade stages. Only 44% mentioned medications for AUD (MAUD), and merely 17% discussed specific psychosocial treatments. Among guidelines addressing MAUD, only one cautiously supported use, while three explicitly recommended against it. Most guidelines (61%) ended treatment recommendations at referral to specialty care, with half limiting guidance to acute alcohol withdrawal management. Taken together, our findings reveal a stark misalignment between screening emphasis and treatment guidance. While guidelines consistently recommend universal screening and brief intervention, they provide minimal actionable frameworks for managing AUD throughout pregnancy. This gap leaves clinicians without evidence-based pathways for comprehensive AUD treatment during the prenatal period, highlighting an urgent need to strengthen both the evidence base and clinical guidance for AUD management in pregnancy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drinking Patterns and CT/MRI Feature-Based Nomogram Models Can More Accurately Predict Acute Alcoholic Pancreatitis Recurrence","authors":"Xin Yue Zhong,&nbsp;Rong Peng,&nbsp;Yan Deng,&nbsp;Ting Zhang,&nbsp;Chao Hua Tang,&nbsp;Meng Ting Zhou,&nbsp;Yi Fan Ji,&nbsp;Xing Hui Li,&nbsp;Bi Fei Li,&nbsp;Xiao Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1111/acer.70329","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70329","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To develop and test a nomogram model based on drinking patterns and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) characteristics for recurrence of acute alcoholic pancreatitis (AAP) following its first onset.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with initial AAP at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College were retrospectively enrolled and categorized them into recurrence and non-recurrence groups. They were randomly assigned in a 7:3 ratio to form training and independent test sets, and their clinical and imaging data were collected and analyzed. Nomogram models were established to predict the recurrence of AAP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 152 cases of initial AAP, 37 cases were recurrent and 115 were non-recurrent, with a mean (SD) age of 43.84 ± 10.28 years and 91.45% male participants. In the training set, 26 cases were recurrent and 80 were non-recurrent; in the independent test set, 11 cases were recurrent and 35 were non-recurrent. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that hyperlipidemia, pre-onset alcohol consumption, alcohol cessation, the Bedside Index for Severity in AP (BISAP) score, extrapancreatic inflammation on CT/MRI (EPIC/EPIM) score, and CT/MRI severity index (CTSI/MRSI) score were independent predictors of recurrence after initial AAP onset. Integrating these factors into a nomogram prediction model resulted in the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity values of 0.924 (95% CI 0.871–0.977), 0.885, and 0.838 for the training set and 0.843 (95% CI 0.714–0.972), 0.727, and 0.857 for the independent test set. The clinical model alone and the imaging model achieved AUCs of 0.799 (95% CI 0.703–0.896) and 0.827 (95% CI 0.742–0.912) in the training set and 0.800 (95% CI 0.646–0.954) and 0.686 (95% CI 0.492–0.880) in the independent test set, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nomogram models based on drinking patterns and CT/MRI characteristics can more accurately predict AAP recurrence. The model serves as an effective tool for clinical prediction of AAP and helps clinicians in developing personalized prevention and treatment strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}