Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)最新文献

{"title":"Phosphatidylethanol testing and return to alcohol use after liver transplantation: Implications for candidate selection and care","authors":"Hanna Blaney, Suthat Liangpunsakul","doi":"10.1111/acer.15467","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2249-2252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the role of reinforcing activities and time horizon in recovery: Commentary on Bickel, Witkiewitz, Athamneh, Kuhlemeier—“Recovery from alcohol use disorder: Reinforcer pathology theory, measurement, and methods”","authors":"James R. McKay","doi":"10.1111/acer.15466","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article by Bickel et al. (<span>2024</span>) makes a case for a new theory of recovery from alcohol and drug use disorders, referred to as “Reinforcer Pathology Theory,” or RP. Two of the central assertions of RP are that recovery is aided by (1) greater involvement in reinforcing alcohol- or drug-free activities, and (2) extending one's temporal window, so less delay discounting occurs (Bickel et al., <span>2017</span>). The authors provide a helpful and concise review of research findings that support the importance of these two factors in explaining how individuals reduce the use of alcohol and other drugs. However, they note that almost all the research has been correlational and focused specifically on substance use rather than recovery, which according to a new National Institute on Alcohol and Alcoholism (NIAAA) definition also includes improvements in psychosocial functioning and quality of life (Hagman et al., <span>2022</span>). The article looks at how RP theory may also apply to the concept of recovery, presents new data that is said to support the theory, and describes a new NIAAA-funded study that examines predictors and correlates of recovery over 12 years with a novel, accelerated longitudinal design.</p><p>The theoretical basis behind RP is convincing. The theory matches up well with research findings on delay discounting and clinical observations regarding the importance to recovery of engagement in meaningful, rewarding activities, as well as the problems posed by too much of a continued preference for immediate rewards. There seems to be no obvious reason why prior research findings regarding delayed discounting focused on abstinence would not apply to the broader concept of recovery as well. However, given that many existing treatments devote at least some attention to increasing time spent in rewarding activities and addressing impulsivity and preference for immediate rewards (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT], community reinforcement approach, and Alcoholics Anonymous [AA]), I am not sure that RP should be considered a new theory. Rather, it seems more a repackaging of ideas about important factors in addiction and recovery that have been with us for a while now, but perhaps have not been put together in this manner before.</p><p>To provide support for RP, the authors present new analyses from Project MATCH (Project MATCH Research Group, <span>1997</span>), which demonstrate that more alcohol-free activities and higher reinforcing value of alcohol-free activities assessed 6 months after the end of treatment are associated with a greater likelihood of being in recovery about 2 years later. They also present a new 5-year study that makes use of a novel, accelerated longitudinal design to be able to examine predictors of recovery over a 12-year period. These sections of the article are fascinating, and I eagerly look forward to seeing the results of the new study. To their credit, the authors are also clear about","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2246-2248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an accelerometer-based wearable sensor approach for alcohol consumption detection","authors":"Nicholas J. Bush,&nbsp;Adriana K. Cushnie,&nbsp;Madison Sinclair,&nbsp;Huda Ahmed,&nbsp;Rachel Schorn,&nbsp;Tongzhen Xie,&nbsp;Jeff Boissoneault","doi":"10.1111/acer.15465","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15465","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol is a commonly used substance associated with significant public health consequences. Treatment is often stigmatized and limited with regard to both access and affordability, demonstrating the need for innovations in alcohol treatment. Accelerometer sensors can detect drinking without user input and are widely incorporated into wearable devices, increasing accessibility and affordability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method<b>s</b></h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compared a distributional and random forest classification approach to detect and evaluate sensor-based drinking data. Data were collected at a local state fair (<i>n</i> = 194), where participants drank water at specified intervals interspersed with confounding behaviors (e.g., touching nose, rubbing forehead, or yawning) while wearing an Android-based smartwatch for 10 min. Participants were randomized to receive one of three drinking container shapes: pint, martini, or wine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The random forest model achieved an overall testing accuracy of 93% (sensitivity = 0.32; specificity = 0.99; positive predictive value = 0.74). The distributional algorithm achieved an overall accuracy of 95% (sensitivity = 0.76; specificity = 0.97; positive predictive value = 0.72). The distributional algorithm had a significantly greater accuracy (<i>t</i>(193) = 7.73, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>d</i> = 0.56) and sensitivity (<i>t</i>(193) = 24.5, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>d</i> = 1.76). Equivalency testing demonstrated significant equivalency to the ground truth for sip duration (<i>t</i>_lower(193) = 16.92, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>t</i>_upper(193) = −9.85, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and between-sip interval (<i>t</i>_lower(193) = 1.72, <i>p</i> = 0.044; <i>t</i>_higher(193) = −3.96, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). However, the random forest did not have significant equivalency to the ground truth for between-sip interval (<i>t</i>_lower(193) = 1.98, <i>p</i> = 0.025; <i>t</i>_higher(193) = 0.160, <i>p</i> = 0.564).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, the results indicated that consumer-grade smartwatches can be utilized to detect and measure alcohol use behavior using machine learning and distributional algorithms. This work provides the methodological foundation for future research to analyze the behavioral pharmacology of alcohol use and develop accessible just-in-time clinical interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2341-2351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevations in interleukin-8 levels in individuals with alcohol use disorder and clinical insomnia symptoms","authors":"Erica N. Grodin,&nbsp;Wave-Ananda Baskerville,&nbsp;Kaitlin R. McManus,&nbsp;Michael R. Irwin,&nbsp;Lara A. Ray","doi":"10.1111/acer.15444","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15444","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insomnia commonly co-occurs with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and predicts poorer outcomes for those with AUD. Insomnia and AUD are individually associated with increases in systemic inflammation. Insomnia and inflammation both serve as risk factors for relapse in AUD. However, little is known about the relationship between insomnia and systemic inflammation in individuals with AUD. Therefore, the present study examined the relationship between the severity of insomnia symptoms and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines in a sample of treatment-seeking individuals with an AUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This secondary analysis included 101 (61M/40F) individuals with an AUD. Participants were categorized into groups based on their scores on the Insomnia Severity Index: no insomnia (<i>n</i> = 47), subthreshold insomnia (<i>n</i> = 37), and clinical insomnia (<i>n</i> = 17). Participants provided blood samples to measure plasma levels of four peripheral markers of inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and CRP). Inflammatory marker levels were compared between groups. Interactive effects of sex and AUD severity were examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a significant main effect of insomnia group on log IL-8 levels (<i>F</i> = 6.52, <i>p</i> = 0.002), such that individuals with AUD and clinical insomnia had higher log IL-8 levels compared to both the no insomnia and subthreshold insomnia groups (<i>p</i>s ≤ 0.05). Sex and AUD severity interacted with this relationship, such that men with clinical insomnia and AUD and individuals with severe AUD had higher log IL-8 levels. There were no significant effects of insomnia on IL-6, TNF-α, or CRP levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study identified a specific elevation in IL-8 levels in individuals with an AUD and clinical insomnia that was not identified in other markers of peripheral inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP). Sex and AUD severity interacted with insomnia symptoms, indicating that those with clinical insomnia and severe AUD or male sex may be the most vulnerable to the inflammatory consequences associated with AUD and clinical insomnia symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2079-2088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for compensated advanced chronic liver disease using transient elastography in outpatient addiction clinics","authors":"Antoine Karrer,&nbsp;Raphael Pangui,&nbsp;Caroline Le Lan,&nbsp;Sebastien Le Texier,&nbsp;Antonia Le Gruyer,&nbsp;Florence Moirand,&nbsp;Theophile Chalvin,&nbsp;Romain Moirand","doi":"10.1111/acer.15463","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15463","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with substance use disorders present with many risk factors for liver disease—including alcohol, hepatitis C virus infection, and obesity—and should thus be screened for compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD). Such screening could potentially be performed by outpatient addiction clinics. In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and results of cACLD screening using transient elastography (TE) among all patients attending routine follow-up visits at addiction clinics, regardless of their liver disease risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liver fibrosis evaluation using TE was offered to every patient consulting two different addiction clinics in France, between December 2020 and September 2021, during dedicated half-day screening sessions. The screening was proposed during the patient's routine care and was performed immediately after the scheduled consultation. Patients with a liver stiffness measurement over 8 kPa were referred to a hepatology visit in the addiction clinic within 2–4 weeks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Screening was offered to 227 patients and was accepted by 116 (51%) patients. Twelve patients had a liver stiffness over 8 kPa, and nine of these patients attended the recommended specialist hepatology visit. Five patients (4.3% of those screened) were diagnosed with cACLD. Patients' acceptance of the screening was associated with older age, being on one's own or professionally inactive, and presenting with alcohol use disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, our results demonstrated that opportunistic cACLD screening using TE in outpatient addiction clinics was feasible and acceptable, with good results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2303-2309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Articles of Public Interest","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/acer.15458","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15458","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;People with alcohol use disorder (AUD) may not respond typically to images of food (i.e., cues), according to a novel study using brain imaging. AUD is believed to reshape the brain circuitry involved in reward and motivation such that alcohol cues become emphasized over natural (or conventional) rewards, including life goals, food, and social connections. Alcohol cues are thought to trigger an enhanced dopamine release, relative to cues of conventional rewards, among people who are vulnerable to AUD, which may amplify their risk for problematic drinking. Consistently, a heightened response to alcohol cues has been linked to craving, heavy drinking, and vulnerability to relapse. Natural cues, meanwhile, may become less salient with the disease progression. AUD is associated with both malnutrition—raising the risk for liver disease—and social and emotional deficits, which could, in turn, undermine treatment and recovery efforts. Increasingly, treatment researchers are using brain responses to alcohol cues as a measure for evaluating the effectiveness of AUD medications in development. Despite the potential importance of the relationship between alcohol cues and natural rewards, it remains generally underexplored. For this study in &lt;i&gt;Alcohol: Clinical &amp; Experimental Research&lt;/i&gt;, the investigators used brain scans to compare the reward processing of people with AUD and light drinkers to a range of visual stimuli.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina worked with 28 adults (average age 32). Forty-three percent were women; most were White. Fourteen met criteria for AUD; 14 were light drinkers. All participants provided detailed information on their use of alcohol and other substances and gave blood and urine samples for corroboration. The participants underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning session. They viewed images relating to alcohol—using an established protocol known to activate reward circuits in the brain—as well as non-alcohol beverages (control condition). They also viewed images of food, household images (control condition), positive social scenes, and images of people involved in everyday tasks (control condition). Researchers also examined brain activation from MRI data and used statistical analysis to look for associations between neurological patterns and imagery in both groups. The participants also reported their experience and intensity of positive and negative emotions while viewing the various images following the scanning session.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The participants with AUD reported an average of 4–5 drinks a day in the last month; just over half of those days involved heavy drinking. Light drinkers reported less than 1 alcohol-containing drink a day. During the scanning session, their brain activation patterns were consistent with their self-reported emotional responses. Among people with AUD, food images elicited abnormally low reward activation in two brain regions. These regions—t","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 10","pages":"1818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional associations between sleep and cannabis and alcohol (co-)use in daily life","authors":"Andrea M. Wycoff,&nbsp;Mary Beth Miller,&nbsp;Timothy J. Trull","doi":"10.1111/acer.15448","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15448","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poor sleep is common in the context of cannabis use, but experimental and daily-life studies provide mixed evidence for whether cannabis use helps or disturbs same-night sleep. Despite a high prevalence of co-use of alcohol and cannabis, most studies of cannabis use and sleep do not consider alcohol use. We sought to add to this literature by examining associations between cannabis and sleep in the context of alcohol co-use and to examine these associations bidirectionally using ecological momentary assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 88 adults reporting cannabis use at least 3×/week and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use at least 2×/week. For 14 days, participants completed morning surveys assessing hours slept and perceived sleep quality from the night before. In morning surveys, random surveys, and substance-specific surveys, participants also reported on alcohol and cannabis craving, use, and amounts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primary results from multilevel models demonstrated that cannabis use was not independently associated with sleep (duration or quality). However, cannabis use attenuated alcohol's negative effects on sleep quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results question the utility of cannabis use to improve sleep but highlight the attenuated negative effects of alcohol as a potential reinforcer of alcohol-cannabis co-use. Future work should continue to consider polysubstance use and integrate additional self-report and objective measures of sleep health to further clarify how cannabis use affects sleep.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2099-2112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging memory suppression from a goal-directed perspective to regain control over alcohol consumption","authors":"Xavier Noël","doi":"10.1111/acer.15462","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15462","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2242-2245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-episode relations among simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use and continued drinking: The role of momentary subjective responses, craving, and drinking context","authors":"Jack T. Waddell,&nbsp;William R. Corbin,&nbsp;Kevin J. Grimm,&nbsp;Jane Metrik,&nbsp;Christine M. Lee,&nbsp;Timothy J. Trull","doi":"10.1111/acer.15451","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15451","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use is associated with riskier daily drinking. However, little research has tested momentary mechanisms through which simultaneous use predicts continued drinking during acute drinking episodes. The current study tested whether simultaneous use moments predicted within-episode increases in subjective responses, craving, and continued drinking, and whether these relations were potentiated in social versus solitary settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emerging adults who co-use alcohol and cannabis (<i>N</i> = 85) completed 21 days of ecological momentary assessment with event-contingent reports during drinking episodes. Three-level multilevel models tested whether simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use moments indirectly predicted subsequent, continued drinking through subjective responses (i.e., high-arousal positive/stimulant, high-arousal negative/aggression, low-arousal positive/relaxation, low-arousal negative/impairment) and alcohol craving, and whether relations differed by social versus solitary contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within drinking episodes, simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use moments were associated with increased stimulation, which was indirectly associated with continued drinking through increased alcohol craving. Additionally, the relation between simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use and stimulating effects was potentiated during solitary drinking moments, whereas the relation between stimulating effects and craving was potentiated during social drinking moments. However, stimulating effects were higher in social contexts across all moments. Finally, simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use moments were associated with increased relaxation, which was indirectly associated with a lower likelihood of continued drinking through lesser craving.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Simultaneous use predicted both continued within-episode drinking and cessation of drinking, with acute subjective effects and craving as mechanisms, dependent upon context. Just-in-time interventions should consider targeting affect, craving, and context in event-specific interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2175-2187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need for further alcohol control research: A response to a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on alcohol warnings by Gallopel-Morvan et al.","authors":"Frank Houghton","doi":"10.1111/acer.15453","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15453","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Gallopel-Morvan et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) should be commended for their recent multi-disciplinary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based study exploring the impact of alcohol warning labels. This research is the first neuroimaging-based study to examine the impacts of small text-only alcohol warnings compared with larger text-and-picture alcohol warnings. The results are important, as they clearly demonstrate that enhanced warnings elicit less activity in key regions of the brain's reward system and may diminish the desire to consume alcohol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This type of robust research related to alcohol control is vital given the significant negative impact of alcohol on mortality and morbidity (GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Mayshak et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Younossi et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Alcohol is an important Commercial Determinant of Health (CDoH) that inflicts a deadly toll (WHO, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). The World Health Organization estimates that alcohol is responsible for three million deaths per annum, as well as reaping a huge toll in terms of morbidity and negative social impacts (WHO, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It must be acknowledged there is a well-established and large range of robust empirical and experimental research on the topic of alcohol warning labels, now subject to multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Clarke et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Correia et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Giesbrecht et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Joyce et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Kokole et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Zuckermann et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;), including some real-world evaluation (Vallance, et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Recent research has also explored the use of eye-tracking software to explore this topic (Kersbergen &amp; Field, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Lacoste-Badie et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). However, in its use of fMRI to explore alcohol warning labels, Gallopel-Morvan et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) have pioneered cutting-edge research in this field.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Concerns over robust research should not be taken lightly as the global alcohol industry, “Big Alcohol,” similar to the tobacco and sugar industries, has an established track record of malfeasance in the research arena (Ennis, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Houghton, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Mitchell &amp; McCambridge, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). The strong influence of the Wine and Beer lobbies, both within the EU and elsewhere, should not be under-estimated (Millot, Maani, et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Millot, Serra, &amp; Gallopel-Morvan, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Severi &amp; Hawkins, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;. Gallopel-Morvan et al.'s (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) fMRI-based research will be harder for the industry to debunk or misrepresent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Figure 1 details the combined text and pictograph alcohol warning label that will be required on containers of alcohol in Ireland by 2026, as required under the Public Health (Alcohol) Act, 2018. Obvious limitations with this warning","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2004-2006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}