Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)最新文献

{"title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure alters brain structure and neurocognitive outcomes for 6- to 7-year-old children in a South African birth cohort.","authors":"Chanellé J Hendrikse, Shantanu H Joshi, Jessica E Ringshaw, Layla Bradford, Annerine Roos, Catherine J Wedderburn, Nadia Hoffman, Tiffany Burd, Katherine L Narr, Roger P Woods, Heather J Zar, Dan J Stein, Kirsten A Donald","doi":"10.1111/acer.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several studies have demonstrated an association between prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and altered brain structure. However, more research is needed to understand how structural brain changes may influence neurocognitive performance in children with PAE at the age of school entry. We investigated the associations between PAE and cortical and subcortical gray matter morphology and whether PAE-related structural brain changes mediate the associations between PAE and neurocognitive outcomes in 6- to 7-year-old children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred fifty-eight children (49 PAE, 109 unexposed controls; 46% female; mean age 76 ± 5 months) who participated in a brain imaging substudy of the population-based Drakenstein Child Health Study were included. The children had moderate-to-high PAE without other substance exposure, except prenatal tobacco exposure. T1-weighted brain structural scans were acquired using a 3T MRI scanner. General linear models and mediation analyses tested the associations of PAE with cortical and subcortical metrics and associated neurocognitive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PAE was associated with a smaller total cortical surface area and had multivariate effects on regional cortical volume and surface area in the temporal lobe. The smaller volume and surface area of the left middle temporal gyrus mediated associations between PAE and neurocognitive outcomes for numeracy and mathematics and/or cognition and executive functioning. Findings persisted when adjusting for age, sex, maternal education, prenatal tobacco exposure, and, in volumetric and surface area models, intracranial volume.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that there is persistent altered brain structural development in children with PAE, consistent with previous findings in this cohort at infancy and age 2-3 years. Cortical changes in regions known to play a role in numeracy and semantic memory mediated associations between PAE and neurocognitive deficits, highlighting clinical relevance. Efforts to prevent PAE and improve neurocognitive development in children with PAE should be implemented as early as possible after birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drinking motives and alcohol sensitivity mediate multidimensional genetic influences on alcohol use behaviors.","authors":"Jeanne E Savage, Danielle M Dick, Danielle Posthuma","doi":"10.1111/acer.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genetic influences account for a substantial proportion of individual differences in alcohol use behaviors (AUBs). However, multiple distinct sets of genes are linked to different AUBs via uncertain causal links. Here, we explore whether intermediate neurobiological traits mediate the relationship between polygenic scores (PGSs) and multiple AUBs, with the aim to better understand processes captured by different genetic profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We derived four alcohol-related PGSs in participants from Spit for Science, a longitudinal study of college students in the United States (n = 4549). Using linear regression, we tested the relationship between PGSs and 22 potential mediators, including personality, alcohol expectancies, drinking motives, and alcohol sensitivity. Nominally significant effects were carried forward to a multiple mediation model to estimate direct and indirect effects on four measured AUBs (frequency, quantity, alcohol use disorder symptoms [AUDsx], and maximum drinks in 24 h).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In univariable regression, PGSs indexing genetic effects on drinks per week (DPW) and problematic alcohol use (PAU) predicted higher levels of impulsivity and drinking motives as well as lower alcohol sensitivity. BeerPref PGSs (indexing a variable pattern of alcohol problems and preference for beer) predicted higher negative urgency and lower alcohol sensitivity. Mediational models indicated direct and indirect effects of DPW PGSs on multiple AUBs via social/enhancement drinking motives and alcohol sensitivity, indirect effects of PAU PGSs on AUDsx, and indirect effects of BeerPref PGS on drinking frequency and AUDsx via the joint effect of mediators including alcohol sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide evidence that the genetic influences on AUBs are associated with and partially mediated by intermediate neurobiological and cognitive factors, which may be more amenable to intervention. Greater focus on drinking motives and alcohol sensitivity is warranted in genetic research, as well as attention to the heterogeneous pathways linking genes to alcohol use outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of stroke accompanying alcohol consumption with or without single-occasion drinking.","authors":"Midori Takada, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Isao Muraki, Yuji Shimizu, Mari Tanaka, Tomomi Kihara, Mitsumasa Umesawa, Hironori Imano, Tomoko Sankai, Takeo Okada, Akihiko Kitamura, Masahiko Kiyama, Hiroyasu Iso","doi":"10.1111/acer.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research on the relationship between alcohol and stroke has highlighted several issues. Notably, the conventional categorization based on average consumption, which categorizes both those who consume 20 g/day of alcohol daily and those who engage in risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD) only on weekends into low drinkers, makes it difficult to account for individuals who fall into distinct characteristics. This study examined the association between alcohol and stroke, accounting for both average drinking levels and RSOD occurrences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a community-based prospective cohort study in Japan, 8026 men and 12,461 women were followed from 1989 to 2018. The outcome was the first-ever stroke event during the follow-up period. Alcohol consumption was divided into seven categories: never drinkers; former drinkers; low drinkers (<20 g/day on average for men and <10 g/day for women) without RSOD; moderate drinkers (20-59 g/day on average for men and 10-39 g/day for women) without RSOD; low drinkers with RSOD; moderate drinkers with RSOD; and heavy drinkers (≥60 g/day on average for men and ≥40 g/day for women). RSOD was defined as consuming ≥60 g for men and ≥40 g for women on a single occasion. We calculated sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for stroke across these drinking categories compared with never drinkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Low-to-moderate drinkers with RSOD experienced a significantly higher hazard of stroke; the multivariable HR (95% CI) of 1.47 (1.01-2.13) among men and 3.41 (1.50-7.79) among women. Overall, although some were not significant, low-to-moderate drinkers with and without RSOD tended to be associated with a higher hazard of stroke, except for low drinkers with RSOD in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RSOD potentially increases the risk of stroke among men and women, even if their usual amount of alcohol consumption is low to moderate.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder identification in Australia: A qualitative analysis of perspectives from psychologists and individuals with lived and living experience.","authors":"Katherine L Kerimofski, Kirsten R Panton, Grace Kuen Yee Tan, Carmela F Pestell","doi":"10.1111/acer.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). In Australia, there are several barriers to assessment, including a limited number of FASD-informed clinicians. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of psychologists, parents, caregivers, and adults with FASD on the current assessment process, as well as methods to improve FASD training and universal screening of PAE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two groups of (1) psychologists and (2) parents, caregivers, and adults with FASD were interviewed about their experiences of FASD assessment and their recommendations for training and universal screening of PAE. Thematic analysis was employed to code data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five key themes were identified: (1) stigma and stereotypes of PAE, (2) support for universal screening of PAE, (3) differential, co-occurring, and missed diagnoses, (4) lack of support following diagnosis, and (5) need for improved training for psychologists. Stereotypes of women who drink were present across themes, with both groups discussing the importance of PAE assessment for all women during antenatal care and when presenting for assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders. The importance of training more FASD-informed clinicians who can understand the uniqueness of each individual with FASD was highlighted, with hopes of improving diagnostic capacity as well as support offered by psychologists.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Recognition of the impact of PAE is growing in Australia; however, there is a need to embed this topic within university training for psychologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One month follow-up outcomes of a transdermal alcohol concentration-based contingency management intervention to reduce heavy drinking among driving while intoxicated arrestees.","authors":"Nathalie Hill-Kapturczak, Richard J Lamb, John D Roache, Tae-Joon Moon, Yuanyuan Liang, Donald M Dougherty","doi":"10.1111/acer.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High rates of driving while intoxicated persist, and recidivism is common. Recently, we demonstrated that 8 weeks of transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC)-based contingency management (CM) reduced heavy drinking (≥5 [men] or ≥4 [women] standard drinks) in 145 DWI arrestees under pretrial supervision. Here, we report 1-month (postintervention) follow-up outcomes for a subgroup of participants who were not Mandated to wear transdermal alcohol monitors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After the intervention, Non-Mandated participants (n = 100, 69%) returned for a 1-month follow-up visit and self-reported drinking during the previous month. Also, a fingerstick blood sample was used to measure the alcohol use biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth). PEth was measured by HPLC-MS/MS, with levels <20 ng/mL indicating low or no drinking. Multiple logistic regression models compared drinking outcomes (≤1 drinking day or ≤1 heavy drinking day) between the CM and Control groups (controlling for age, sex, White/non-White and drinking frequency prior to study entry).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses showed that CM group participants were more likely to self-report ≤1 day of any drinking than those in the Control group (OR = 3.07, p = 0.03) and more likely to have ≤1 heavy drinking (OR = 4.13, p = 0.04). PEth results were consistent with the self-report, even though a nonsignificant trend toward a greater likelihood of having PEth levels <20 ng/mL was observed in the CM compared with the control group (OR = 2.29, p = 0.11).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Outcomes observed after an 8-week TAC-based CM intervention appeared to persist for 1 month after a TAC-based CM intervention. Participants in the CM intervention group were more likely to have fewer drinking days and fewer heavy drinking days, as evidenced by self-reported drinking that was consistent with PEth levels <20 ng/mL.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between clinical AUDIT-C screens and HDL cholesterol are observed across primary care patient subgroups.","authors":"Douglas Berger, Theresa E Matson, Malia Oliver, Helen E Jack, Jennifer F Bobb, Katharine A Bradley, Kevin A Hallgren","doi":"10.1111/acer.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) is a validated, scaled marker of past-year alcohol consumption that is increasingly used in population-based screening and research. Like other screening questionnaires, AUDIT-C scores are influenced by patient and system factors affecting self-report. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increases with alcohol consumption and is routinely measured in primary care. Researchers using AUDIT-C scores as an outcome could potentially use HDL as a population-level check on the performance of alcohol screening, for example, to assess the extent to which changes in AUDIT-C scores after an intervention reflect changes in drinking or changes in self-report. However, the association between AUDIT-C scores and HDL has only been evaluated in limited populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional associations between AUDIT-C scores and HDL were examined in 290,091 Kaiser Permanente Washington primary care patients who had HDL measured as part of clinical care in the 365 days before or 14 days after routine screening with the AUDIT-C. Linear regression models examined the association between AUDIT-C scores and HDL and explored effect modification by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AUDIT-C scores were positively associated with HDL, including for subgroups defined by age, sex, race, ethnicity, geographically estimated socioeconomic status, presence of cardiovascular disease, history of alcohol or drug treatment, tobacco use, receipt of lipid-lowering medications, and, for female patients, receipt of oral estrogen or progestin medications. Effect modification analyses showed that most sociodemographic and clinical characteristics modified the association between AUDIT-C and HDL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The association between AUDIT-C and HDL is present in a range of sociodemographic and clinical subgroups. However, effect modification by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics may limit the use of that association in assessing the validity of alcohol screening scores across heterogeneous populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol and aging: Next-generation epigenetic clocks predict biological age acceleration in individuals with alcohol use disorder.","authors":"Tyler A Perlstein, Jeesun Jung, Alexandra C Wagner, Joshua Reitz, Josephin Wagner, Daniel B Rosoff, Falk W Lohoff","doi":"10.1111/acer.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic heavy alcohol use is a major risk factor for premature aging and age-related diseases. DNA methylation (DNAm)-based epigenetic clocks are novel tools for predicting biological age. However, the newest configurations, causality-enriched epigenetic clocks, have not been assessed in the context of alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Epigenetic aging was evaluated in a sample of 615 individuals (372 AUD patients and 243 healthy controls) by applying the GrimAge Version 1 (V1) and Version 2 (V2) clocks alongside three causality-enriched clocks (CausAge, DamAge, and AdaptAge). A linear model controlling for AUD diagnosis, sex, race, BMI, smoking status, and five blood cell types was leveraged to test associations between alcohol-related metrics and age-adjusted epigenetic clocks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GrimAge V1 and V2 maintained significant associations with AUD and drinking behavior measures within the total sample and both the young (<40 years old) and old (≥40 years old) subgroups. Generally, GrimAge V2 slightly outperformed GrimAge V1, while none of the causality-enriched epigenetic clocks demonstrated significant associations with AUD. However, in the young subgroup, DamAge had a significant association with the total number of drinks. Across the total sample and age subgroups, with liver function enzymes, GrimAge V2 consistently sustained stronger associations compared with GrimAge V1. Among fourth-generation clocks, DamAge exhibited significant associations with gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase in the total sample and young subgroup; CausAge displayed a significant association with GGT in the total sample. Examining clinical biomarkers, GrimAge V2 showed improved associations with C-reactive protein compared to GrimAge V1 in the total sample and age subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, we observed moderately improved performance of GrimAge V2 compared with GrimAge V1 with the majority of the parameters tested. The causality-enriched epigenetic clocks lacked significant associations but demonstrate the complexities of aging and inspire further research of AUD and drinking dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol consumption and high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels are interactively associated with all-cause mortality among community-dwelling persons.","authors":"Ryuichi Kawamoto, Asuka Kikuchi, Daisuke Ninomiya, Teru Kumagi, Masanori Abe","doi":"10.1111/acer.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decreased levels of high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin are associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. This relationship may be further confounded by alcohol consumption, which plays a role in the development of liver dysfunction. In Japan, few studies have investigated the relationship between HMW adiponectin levels and alcohol consumption with mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 845 male participants (mean age, 61 ± 13 years; range, 20-89 years) and 1065 female participants (mean age, 63 ± 11 years; range, 22-88 years). Of the participants, 809 (42.4%) were classified as nondrinkers, 561 (29.4%) as occasional drinkers, 346 (18.1%) as daily light drinkers, and 194 (10.2%) as daily heavy drinkers. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality, adjusting for various confounders, including HMW adiponectin levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals who abstained from alcohol consumption (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.52) or engaged in daily heavy drinking (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04-1.86) exhibited significantly higher overall mortality than occasional drinkers. Additionally, those with the 3rd standard deviation (SD) level of HMW adiponectin (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.07-1.80) and 4th SD level (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.23-2.23) had a similarly increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with the lowest levels. After adjusting for confounders, the HR for individuals with the 3rd + 4th SD levels of HMW adiponectin was significantly elevated in nondrinkers (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.09-3.29), occasional drinkers (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.05-3.21), and daily heavy drinkers (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.05-3.44), but not in daily light drinkers. The interaction between alcohol consumption and HMW adiponectin levels was significantly associated with all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that alcohol consumption and elevated HMW adiponectin levels are interactively associated with all-cause mortality in community-dwelling individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal analysis for between- and within-person influences of descriptive alcohol drinking norms and attitudes on drinking outcomes.","authors":"Angelo M DiBello, Mary Beth Miller, Melissa R Hatch, Nadine R Mastroleo, Kate B Carey","doi":"10.1111/acer.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aimed to expand on existing research related to the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by exploring both between-person and within-person effects of descriptive norms and attitudes toward moderate and heavy drinking on drinking outcomes, including drinks per week, blackouts, and alcohol-related consequences. While previous studies focus on between-person effects, this study uniquely investigates both between-person effects as well as within-person changes over time, using longitudinal data collected at six points over 12 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 484 mandated college students (M_age = 18.66, SD_age = 0.758; 55.6% male). Participants completed measures of descriptive drinking norms, attitude toward moderate and heavy drinking, drinking intentions, and drinking outcomes, including drinks per week, blackout, and alcohol-related consequences. Multilevel models were run to examine the unique between-and within-person effects of descriptive drinking norms and attitude toward moderate and heavy drinking on drinking outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the results from the multilevel models showed that at the between-person level, descriptive norms were associated with drinks per week, and a more favorable attitude toward heavy drinking was associated with higher weekly alcohol consumption and related consequences. At the within-person level, within-person fluctuations in descriptive norms and attitude toward heavy drinking were associated with higher weekly drinking, blackout, and alcohol-related consequences, while favorable attitude toward moderate drinking were associated with lower odds of blackouts and fewer alcohol-related consequences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Attitudes toward drinking, particularly heavy drinking, at both between-person and within-person levels, are strong predictors of alcohol use and its consequences. Furthermore, attitude toward moderate drinking are protective. Interventions promoting a moderate drinking attitude and reducing heavy drinking attitude and descriptive drinking norms will likely be effective in reducing alcohol-related harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal neurobehavior profiles observed in the newborn period following low-to-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure.","authors":"Jessie R Maxwell, Melissa H Roberts, Jean Lowe, Xingya Ma, Jillian F Kotulski, Amy L Salisbury, Ludmila Bakhireva","doi":"10.1111/acer.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has lifelong consequences on affected individuals, with a range of physical, neurodevelopmental, learning, and behavioral adverse outcomes. There is no method to identify children at risk of these outcomes shortly after birth, resulting in delayed diagnosis and access to therapeutic modalities. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Network Neurobehavioral Scale, First Edition (NNNS-I), has demonstrated utility in the risk stratification of substance-exposed infants but has not been previously used to assess infants with PAE. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of NNNS-I in the identification of infants with low-to-moderate PAE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Ethanol, Neurodevelopment, Infant, and Child Health (ENRICH-2) prospective cohort included maternal assessments in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and infant assessments at birth. PAE was evaluated by prospective, repeated Timeline Follow Back interviews and a comprehensive panel of ethanol biomarkers. During the birth hospitalization, certified examiners completed the NNNS-I assessment, which included infant neurobehavioral organization summarized into 12 summary scores. Summary scores and profiles, generated by latent profile analysis (LPA), were compared between PAE and no-PAE groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This analysis included 130 caregiver-infant dyads (71 with PAE and 59 with no-PAE). The absolute alcohol ounces per day in the PAE group were 0.08 ± 0.11, on average, or ~1.1 standard drinks per week. In multivariable analysis, PAE was associated with lower attention (β = -0.79) and higher lethargy (β = -0.86) scores (p's < 0.05) on NNNS-I after controlling for maternal mental health, marijuana use during pregnancy, and family income. LPA identified three profiles of neurobehavior, with a high-risk profile demonstrating poor infant self-regulation and decreased attention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low-to-moderate PAE was associated with neurobehavioral findings identifiable on the NNNS-I assessment, highlighting its potential utility for screening and risk stratification of infants with PAE shortly after birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}