Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)最新文献

{"title":"Back Cover: Au···I coinage bonds: Boosting photoluminescence efficiency and solid-state molecular motion","authors":"Xueqian Zhao,&nbsp;Junyi Gong,&nbsp;Zikang Li,&nbsp;Herman H. Y. Sung,&nbsp;Ian D. Williams,&nbsp;Jacky W. Y. Lam,&nbsp;Zheng Zhao,&nbsp;Ben Zhong Tang,&nbsp;Wai-Yeung Wong,&nbsp;Linli Xu","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper describes an AIE-active Au(I) complex, ITCPAu, characterized by Au···I coinage bonds that enhance photoluminescence efficiency and facilitate solid-state molecular motion. The study highlights its multiswitchable behavior, nearly pure white-light emission, and versatility as a carrier for solvent molecules. These findings provide valuable insights into Au···I noncovalent interactions for smart material development (e686).\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excited State Structure and Decay Rates for Aggregates","authors":"Zhigang Shuai,&nbsp;Qi Sun,&nbsp;Jiajun Ren,&nbsp;Tong Jiang,&nbsp;Weitang Li","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electronic excited state in molecular aggregate or exciton states continue to attract great attention due to the increasing demands for applications of molecular optoelectronics and sensing technology. The working principle behind the application is closely related to the excited state structure and dynamic processes in molecular aggregate. In our previous review article (Aggregate 2021; 2: e91), we focused more on the molecular mechanism for aggregation-induced emission process. Here, we are going to summarize our recent progress on theoretical investigations on the effects of excitonic coupling (<i>J</i>) and the intermolecular charge transfer (CT) on the excited state structure and dynamic processes. These are in general missing for molecular quantum chemistry studies. We will first present a novel definition of exciton coherence length which can present a bijective relation with the radiative decay rate and obviously we have clarified the confusion appeared in literature. Then, we will look at the CT effect for aggregate starting from a simple three-state model coupled with quantum chemical calculation for molecular dimer and we focus on the intensity borrowing, which can turn H-aggregate into emissive when the electron transfer and hole transfer integrals possessing the same sign and being large enough. We are able to propose a molecular descriptor to design molecular materials possibly possessing both high photoluminescence quantum yield and carrier mobility. Finally, we introduce our work on the modified energy gap law for non-radiative decay rate in aggregates. We found there exist optimal <i>J</i> to minimize the non-radiative decay loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Aggregation-Induced Emission-Based Detection Toolbox for Diagnostics of Urogenital Tumors","authors":"Wenzhe Chen,&nbsp;Hantian Guan,&nbsp;Yongfeng Lu,&nbsp;Guohua Zeng,&nbsp;Di Gu,&nbsp;Keying Guo,&nbsp;Cheng Jiang,&nbsp;Hongxing Liu","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urogenital system tumors include prostate cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, and other very common solid tumor diseases with high morbidity and high mortality. The unique physiological and anatomical features of the urogenital system render it particularly amenable to the application of tissue imaging techniques for diagnostic purposes. The advancement of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials has addressed the limitations associated with conventional fluorescent materials that are prone to aggregation-caused quenching. This advancement has facilitated the development of innovative AIE fluorescent materials characterized by enhanced photostability, an increased signal-to-noise ratio, and improved imaging quality. This article reviews the research progress of AIE biosensors in the diagnosis of urogenital tumors. It mainly involves biomarker diagnostic in vitro and fluorescence imaging in urogenital solid tumors such as prostate cancer, uterine cancer, bladder cancer, and ovarian cancer, which are based on AIE biosensors. In addition, a comprehensive description of AIE biosensors’ synthesis and application strategies is provided. This includes a detailed elucidation of in vitro diagnostic platforms and intracellular imaging mechanisms based on the basic principles of AIE, accompanied by a presentation of quantitative analysis and cell imaging results. In addition, the limitations, challenges and suggestions of AIE biosensors application in the field of tumor diagnosis are summarized, and the development prospect of AIE biosensors in the field of tumor diagnosis is prospected. This article reviews the application of AIE biosensors in the diagnosis of urogenital tumors, and also provides a catalyst for exploring the characteristics of AIE biosensors and its wide application in the field of disease diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafine-Mn-Loaded N,O-Doped Nanocarbon via Mott‒Schottky Effect for Photo-Enhanced Antibacterial Therapy and Wound Healing","authors":"Xueyu Jiang,&nbsp;Fanwei Zeng,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Yang Yi,&nbsp;Xiaodong Tang,&nbsp;Ang Lu","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bacterial infections are one of the greatest threats to wound healing, and microbial resistance has increased the demand for new antimicrobial dressings. Artificial nanozymes possess myriad considerable advantages, including low cost and high activity, for targeted biological treatments. Despite significant efforts made in nanozyme engineering, significant challenge remains that their catalytic performance is far from satisfactory in wound treatment. Herein, based on biowaste valorisation, we propose a sustainable and efficient strategy to synthesize an ultrafine-Mn-loaded (3.0 ± 1 nm) N,O-doped porous nanocarbons (Mn-PNCs) nanozyme via the Mott−Schottky effect. The nanozyme achieves mid-temperature (45.8°C) and superior photothermal conversion efficiency (77.62%), photothermally enhanced peroxidase-like activity that contributes to the effective treatment of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>-infected wounds. The photo-enzyme platform further reduced the inflammatory response, normalized epidermal tissue regeneration, and accelerated wound healing. Notably, the mechanism demonstrated that this Mott−Schottky catalyst can trigger the rapid transfer of electrons to release reactive oxygen species (ROS) species, as a heterojunction system is strongly capable of changing the electron density within the metal. Under photothermal induction, the Mott–Schottky contact can be used to fabricate other polysaccharide-derived nanozymes in tissue engineering, or on the high-value application of biomass resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Smart Visualized Phototherapy Switch: From NIR-I Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy to NIR-II-Guided Photothermal Therapy for Enhanced Cascade Tumor Photoablation","authors":"Lixin Sun,&nbsp;Hongyu Wu,&nbsp;Ziwen Zhang,&nbsp;Kehuan Wu,&nbsp;Jie Sun,&nbsp;Xuemei Dong,&nbsp;Chengjun Dong,&nbsp;Chunchang Zhao,&nbsp;Xianfeng Gu,&nbsp;Da-Hui Qu","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Imaging-guided phototherapy holds promise for precision cancer treatment. However, most photosensitizers have only a singular modality of photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photothermal therapy (PTT), which make their therapeutic efficacy severely limited by the hypoxic and complex tumor microenvironment (TME). In this article, we provide a smart platform design (BOD-D) based on a visualized light-triggered phototherapeutic switch for transforming cancer therapy from near-infrared (NIR)-I imaging-guided PDT to activatable NIR-II-guided PTT while releasing nitric oxide (NO) for gas therapy (GT). BOD-D releases native NIR one-region fluorescence signals in tumors, which is used to direct robust PDT for tumor killing. As PDT is administered, the decreasing oxygen content in TME becomes progressively insufficient to maintain its excellent cell-killing effect. Subsequently, light triggers the dissociation of NO in BOD-D, activating a photothermal agent BOD-T that emits NIR-II fluorescence, for subsequent PTT. Notably, not only the light-mediated therapeutic mechanism can be switched from NIR-I-guided PDT to NIR-II-guided PTT, but also the NO released during this process will be used for GT to sensitize the above PDT and PTT. Our study contributes to the design of intelligent photosensitizers for cascade tumor photoablation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional Ultra-Bright Plasmonic Gold@Fluorescence Nanoprobe for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Caiping Ding,&nbsp;Wenjing Li,&nbsp;Xiaolin Huang,&nbsp;Ben Zhong Tang,&nbsp;Youju Huang","doi":"10.1002/agt2.744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.744","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) represents a captivating phenomenon that transpires when fluorophores are situated in close vicinity to the surface of metallic nanostructures, leading to a nuanced augmentation of their fluorescent characteristics. Given its efficacy in enhancing excitation rates, quantum yield, and photostability, MEF has firmly established itself as a highly valuable tool for augmenting biosensor sensitivity, bioimaging clarity, and intensifying therapeutic responses. Notably, plasmonic gold nanostructures, inherently advantageous for MEF, have been widely utilized in signal amplification, fluorescent labeling, and theranostics. In this endeavor, we undertake a comprehensive examination of MEF-enabled gold nanostructures, meticulously analyzing their fundamental enhancement mechanisms, crucial influencing factors, and diverse modes of enhancement. Furthermore, we spotlight the exemplary applications of these nanostructures in biosensing, bioimaging, and theranostics, underscoring their revolutionary potential. Ultimately, we offer a glimpse into the future prospects for improvement and the challenges that beset gold-based MEF. Our attention is steadfastly directed toward the essential scientific questions and technical hurdles that remain to be surmounted, inviting readers to partake in an exciting exploration of this dynamic and promising field.</p>","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circularly Polarized Luminescence Inversion in AIE-Active Crystal Enabled by Solvent-Induced Transition Dipole Moment Regulation","authors":"Xiaofei Niu,&nbsp;Xinwen Ou,&nbsp;Shizhe Ren,&nbsp;Ke Wang,&nbsp;Fengyan Song,&nbsp;Xiaobin Dong,&nbsp;Wu-Jie Guo,&nbsp;Hui-Qing Peng,&nbsp;Zujin Zhao,&nbsp;Jacky W. Y. Lam,&nbsp;Yong Sheng Zhao,&nbsp;Fei Li,&nbsp;Shu-Yan Yu,&nbsp;Ben Zhong Tang","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Control of the dissymmetry of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is intriguing and has great potential for applications in the field of optics. The traditional control strategy involves using the opposite enantiomers to achieve reversal of CPL signs. However, regulating CPL reversal by controlling only the transition dipole moments without changing molecular or supramolecular chirality remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a couple of crystal materials based on axially chiral aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens). These materials exhibit achiral solvent-induced CPL sign inversion with identical helical structures and molecular chirality in their crystalline states. (<i>R</i>)-BPAuCz^T displays (+)-CPL with a dissymmetry factor of luminescence (<i>g</i>_lum) value of +9.81 × 10⁻⁴ (560 nm), while (<i>R</i>)-BPAuCz^C exhibits (−)-CPL with a <i>g</i>_lum value of −1.02 × 10⁻³ (560 nm). Time-dependent density functional theory calculations show that the magnetic and electric transition dipole moments at S₁ → S₀ of the (<i>R</i>)-BPAuCz^C unit cell are considerably influenced by the cocrystallized solvent molecules, revealing a solvent-induced CPL inversion mechanism. The nonbonding interactions between the solvent molecules (i.e., tetrahydrofuran or CDCl₃) and AIEgens in the crystal play a crucial role in the manipulation of the transition dipole moment of these crystal materials. Moreover, microrods of (<i>R</i>)-BPAuCz^T, (<i>R</i>)-BPAuCz^C, and (<i>R</i>)-BPAuCz^DCE exhibit optical waveguide properties with relatively low optical-loss coefficients of 187.3, 567.4, and 65.2 dB/cm, respectively. These findings can help in developing a new strategy toward controlling CPL signals and providing a potential application for future integrated photonic circuits.</p>","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggregation Induced Emissive Liquid Crystals-Polymer Composite Membrane for Dual-Channel Analysis of Parathyroid Hormone","authors":"Yingping Tong,&nbsp;Birong Wang,&nbsp;Dongyu Zhao,&nbsp;Min Li,&nbsp;Ben Zhong Tang","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an important factor in maintaining blood calcium levels in the human body. Therefore, monitoring PTH levels is essential for assessing the various diseases progression and managing overall health. In this study, a fluorescence and optical sensor based on an aggregation-induced emissive liquid crystal photopolymer (AIE-LC-Poly) film was established for the qualitative and quantitative detection of PTH. The specific interaction between PTH and anti-PTH on the substrate surface was utilized, and variations in orientation and aggregation state of the fluorescent LCs were evaluated by both optic and fluorescent means. The detection limit for PTH using optical image was above 10 µg/mL, while fluorescence detection achieved a much lower limit of 1 ng/mL. Additionally, the photopolymer further amplified the detection signals by strengthening the AIE effect of the fluorescent LCs in initiate state, and enhancing the disturbance of LCs ordered orientation upon PTH addition. Ultimately, the detection limits for PTH were reduced to 0.01 µg/mL for optical detection and 50 pg/mL for fluorescence detection. The quantitative and sensitive AIE-LC-Poly biosensing technology presented here sets the stage to develop LC-based sensor for biomedical applications without labeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable Emissions in Zero-Dimensional (C6H5CH2NH3)3InBr6 Enabled by Controlled Structural Amorphization","authors":"Qian Li,&nbsp;Bin Xu,&nbsp;Xiaofan Xu,&nbsp;Yayun Wang,&nbsp;Zewei Quan","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides (HMHs) hold great promise as multifunctional emitters. However, precise functionalization of organic moieties and controlled modulation of self-trapped exciton (STE) emission from inorganic polyhedra remain challenging. This study introduces 0D (PMA)₃InBr₆ (PMA⁺ = C₆H₅CH₂NH₃⁺) as a multifunctional emitter, leveraging pressure-induced structural regulation to control photoluminescence properties. Increasing pressure leads to simultaneous contraction and distortion of InBr₆³⁻ octahedra, shifting the STE emission color from orange to green. At high compression, structural amorphization quenches STE emission, but upon pressure release, a bright cyan emission from the PMA⁺ cation emerges, with intensity approximately 21 times stronger than that of the initial STE emission. The enhanced emission is attributed to altered molecular configurations, disrupted intermolecular contacts, and reduced lattice vibrations, collectively suppressing excimeric coupling and minimizing nonradiative losses in the recovered amorphous phase. Furthermore, emission conversion is also achieved via laser-induced structural amorphization, expanding the potential of (PMA)₃InBr₆ for direct laser writing and sensitive laser detection applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrin-Targeted, Activatable Nanophototherapeutics for Immune Modulation: Enhancing Photoimmunotherapy Efficacy in Prostate Cancer Through Macrophage Reprogramming","authors":"Cheng Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaolan Yin,&nbsp;Lei Hao,&nbsp;Yumei Wang,&nbsp;Linqiang Dou,&nbsp;Qixian Chen,&nbsp;Jun-Seok Lee,&nbsp;Jingyun Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojun Peng,&nbsp;Juyoung Yoon,&nbsp;Haidong Li","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prostate cancer is an epithelial malignancy with a high incidence among elderly men. Photochemistry-based dye photodrugs (known as photosensitizers) offer a promising clinical approach for treating tumors. These agents work by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), which activates antitumor immune response. This approach is favored owing to its minimal invasiveness, low toxicity, and high efficiency. However, the immunosuppressive microenvironment of characteristics of “cold” tumors significantly restricts the clinical efficacy of photodrugs. Developing an advanced nanocarrier system to deliver photodrugs and immune agonists for efficient drug delivery to tumor lesion sites and to reshape the immunosuppressive microenvironment is crucial in clinical practice. Therefore, in this study, we designed an integrin-targeted, activatable nano photodrug co-assembly with an immune agonist (RPST@IMQ) for enhancing photoimmunotherapy in prostate cancer via the reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages. The active-targeted nanosystem enhanced the dosage of photodrug at the lesion site through systemic administration. High doses of glutathione at the tumor site cleaved the disulfide bonds of RPST@IMQ, releasing the photodrug and the immune agonist imiquimod (IMQ). Under photoirradiation, the photodrug generated significant doses of singlet oxygen to eliminate tumor cells, thereby inducing ICD to activate antitumor immune responses. Simultaneously, the released IMQ reprograms immunosuppressive M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment into M1-type TAMs with tumor-killing capabilities, thereby converting “cold” tumors into “hot” tumors. This conversion enhances the therapeutic efficacy against primary and distant tumors in vivo. This study offers new insights into the development of innovative, smart, activatable nano photodrugs to enhance anticancer therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}