Chao Yang , Tao Long , An Yan , Hongwei Ma , Haizhou Lu , Liang Liang , Weisi Cai
{"title":"Improved corrosion resistance of selective laser melted NiTi alloys via nanosecond pulsed laser annealing treatment for biomedical application","authors":"Chao Yang , Tao Long , An Yan , Hongwei Ma , Haizhou Lu , Liang Liang , Weisi Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NiTi alloys, known for their excellent biocompatibility, have broad application prospects in the biomedical field, making surface quality and corrosion resistance critical for practical applications. This study employs nanosecond pulsed laser annealing to improve the surface properties of NiTi alloys fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The results show that laser annealing significantly reduces surface roughness, with the average roughness (Ra) decreasing from 8.76 µm to 1.42 µm. Meanwhile, potential dynamic polarization analysis conducted at 37 °C in Hank’s solution indicates that laser annealing effectively enhances corrosion resistance, with the corrosion potential shifting positively from -0.68 V to -0.23 V and the corrosion current density decreasing from 3.580 μA·cm⁻² to 0.151 μA·cm⁻². This improvement is attributed to the reduction in surface roughness, grain refinement, and the formation of a more stable oxide layer through laser annealing. This study not only validates the potential of laser annealing for surface modification of SLMed NiTi alloys but also provides valuable insights for their further optimization in biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100306"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit Kumar Singh , Prithvi D. Awasthi , Ankita Roy , Priyanka Agrawal , Aishani Sharma , Anurag Gumaste , Ravi Sankar Haridas , Rajiv S. Mishra
{"title":"Novel high specific-strength multi-topology Al-Ni-Ti-Zr-Mn alloy using laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing","authors":"Amit Kumar Singh , Prithvi D. Awasthi , Ankita Roy , Priyanka Agrawal , Aishani Sharma , Anurag Gumaste , Ravi Sankar Haridas , Rajiv S. Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing has opened a paradigm for the efficient and quick production of lightweight lattice structures showing characteristic high specific strength (strength-to-weight ratios). The current study describes the development of methodology and utilization of high strength Al alloy for building complex lattice using additive manufacturing. Thin plate lattice <1 mm of Al-Ni-Ti-Zr-Mn alloy with wide processing window, achieving an average yield strength of 63.13±3.32 MPa in compression, with 28 % lower density than Ti-6Al-4V demonstrates a successful design of Al-Ni-Ti-Zr-Mn alloys using laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB). The mitigation of cracks within thin plate parallel to the loading axis was achieved through the formation of Al-Al₃Ni eutectic channels, exploiting the rapid solidification of this short-freezing-range alloy. In addition to multi-topology structural design, the enhanced strength is attributed to hierarchical microstructure featuring L1₂ phases, bimodal grain distribution, and solid solution strengthening by Mn. This work establishes a printability-performance synergy of Al-Ni-Ti-Zr-Mn alloy for thin plate complex lattice, advancing the use of metamaterials through PBF-LB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew B. Kustas , Erin Barrick , Jonathan Pegues , Hannah Sims , Mary L. Gucik , Michael Melia , Alexander E. Wilson-Heid , Joshua D. Sugar , Eric D. Hintsala , Kevin M. Schmalbach , Frank W. DelRio , Tyler LeBrun
{"title":"On the mechanical isotropy and corrosion behavior of tantalum produced via laser beam powder bed fusion","authors":"Andrew B. Kustas , Erin Barrick , Jonathan Pegues , Hannah Sims , Mary L. Gucik , Michael Melia , Alexander E. Wilson-Heid , Joshua D. Sugar , Eric D. Hintsala , Kevin M. Schmalbach , Frank W. DelRio , Tyler LeBrun","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tantalum (Ta) is a refractory metal with excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatability, high melting temperature and density, and good electrical and thermal conductivity, with applications in capacitors, medical implants and devices, linings in the chemical industry, penetrator projectiles, and nuclear reactors. In this work, we examined the mechanical isotropy and corrosion behavior of tantalum produced through laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), tensile tests, nanoindentation, and environmental and galvanic corrosion tests were utilized to establish structure-property relationships as a function of orientation, temperature, and pH. EBSD showed the horizontal and vertical orientations had different grain size distributions and weak texture. From tensile testing, PBF-LB Ta exhibited comparable strain-at-failure relative to wrought Ta, with significantly higher yield and ultimate strengths relative to ASTM <span><span>B708</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>. Room-temperature nanoindentation confirmed weak mechanical anisotropy via complementary EBSD images and showed small variations in reduced modulus and hardness after annealing to 800 °C due to oxide formation. The environmental corrosion tests in HCl (acid), NaCl (neutral), and KOH (basic) suggested the corrosion current density for PBF-LB Ta was lower than wrought, signifying slower corrosion for PBF-LB Ta. The passive nature of PBF-LB and wrought Ta was observed during galvanic corrosion; when coupled with titanium, aluminum, or stainless steel, most systems did not show corrosion after 24 hr. In all, the results showed that PBF-LB Ta has comparable or, in some cases, superior mechanical and corrosion properties to wrought Ta.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minsol Park, Mudit Kesharwani, Mohammad Attarian Shandiz, Mathieu Brochu
{"title":"Microstructure homogenization of laser powder bed fusion support-free low angle IN718 walls through heat treatment","authors":"Minsol Park, Mudit Kesharwani, Mohammad Attarian Shandiz, Mathieu Brochu","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effectiveness of heat treatment (HT) to homogenize the microstructural and mechanical asymmetry between the bulk and the downskin regions of support-free IN718 walls fabricated at angles of 30°, 20°, 15°, and 10° In the as-built condition, the microhardness ranged from 340 ± 5 HV to 351 ± 4 HV for the bulk and from 315 ± 4 HV to 323 ± 10 HV for the downskin region, resulting in a maximum difference range of 35 HV. The HT eliminated this difference where microhardness values of 482 ± 3 HV in the bulk and 478 ± 4 HV in the downskin were measured. The HT induced γ″ precipitation with volume fraction and mean precipitate size in the bulk of 16.6 % and 24.7 ± 7.3 nm. These values are statistically comparable to those in the downskin: 15.8 % and 26.5 ± 7.9 nm. The similarity in the γ″ characteristics explains the recovery of the mismatch in hardness as γ″ contributes approximately 85 % of the strengthening in the HT condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zina Kallien , Eloise Eimer , Arne Roos , Victor Ortolland , Lars Rath , Stewart Williams , Benjamin Klusemann
{"title":"Combining fusion-based and solid-state additive manufacturing: Investigation of additive DED structures with friction surfacing interlayer","authors":"Zina Kallien , Eloise Eimer , Arne Roos , Victor Ortolland , Lars Rath , Stewart Williams , Benjamin Klusemann","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) techniques face some challenges for aluminium due to the necessity of material melting resulting in insufficient bonding. The present work provides a novel insight into the combination of fusion-based and solid-state AM approaches to successfully generate structures from different aluminium alloys. Specifically, the friction-based solid-state AM technique of friction surfacing (FS) is used to generate an interlayer structure on AA2050 substrate material. On top of this structure, additional AA5087 is deposited via Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). For the FS interlayer structure, two different alloys, AA5083 and AA7050, are explored. Additionally, the effect of inter-layer rolling is investigated for the final WAAM structure. The built structures are investigated with special focus on the interfaces, i.e., FS deposit-to-substrate and WAAM deposit-to-FS deposit interfaces. In the cross sections, no defects could be detected at the FS deposit-to-substrate interfaces and the structures did not show visible cracks at the WAAM deposit-to-FS deposit interfaces. The investigation showed that the mechanical properties of the WAAM structure improve when inter-layer rolling is applied, leading to homogeneous mechanical properties across the interfaces. The study highlights that FS as friction-based solid-state AM process is capable to build interlayer structures for material combinations, which cannot be achieved directly via a fusion-based process. The approach of combining different AM techniques can be advantageous not only to achieve a dissimilar material combinations but also to build hybrid structures with locally optimized properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AdditiveLLM: Large language models predict defects in metals additive manufacturing","authors":"Peter Pak , Amir Barati Farimani","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work we investigate the ability of large language models to predict additive manufacturing defect regimes given a set of process parameter inputs. For this task we utilize a process parameter defect dataset to fine-tune a collection of models, titled <em>AdditiveLLM</em>, for the purpose of predicting potential defect regimes including <em>Keyholing</em>, <em>Lack of Fusion</em>, and <em>Balling</em>. We compare different methods of input formatting in order to gauge the model’s performance to correctly predict defect regimes on our sparse <em>Baseline</em> dataset and our natural language <em>Prompt</em> dataset. The model displays robust predictive capability, achieving a <em>Baseline</em> accuracy of 94% and <em>Prompt</em> accuracy of 82% when asked to provide the defect regimes associated with a set of process parameters. The incorporation of natural language input further simplifies the task of process parameters selection, enabling users to identify optimal settings specific to their build.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaydeep Karandikar , Akash Tiwari , Josh Harbin , Christopher Tyler , Scott Smith , Derril Vezina , Rob Caron
{"title":"Part distortion monitoring in additive manufacturing using machining","authors":"Jaydeep Karandikar , Akash Tiwari , Josh Harbin , Christopher Tyler , Scott Smith , Derril Vezina , Rob Caron","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In additive manufacturing, accumulation of residual stresses can result in severe part distortion from the desired preform shape. Current methods for in-situ part distortion monitoring in additive manufacturing typically require expensive sensors, or capital equipment, and require time-consuming post-processing to understand the shape deviation. This paper presents an in-situ method, in the context of hybrid manufacturing, for part distortion detection using machining of additively manufactured parts. As a surrogate, three test artifacts were used to represent different distorted geometries. The tool axis positions from the machine tool controller and the cutting power were monitored during a facing operation. Cutting power data was used to detect the tool entry and exit in the workpiece using a novel approach with power standard deviation metric. The workpiece geometry and distorted configuration was subsequently predicted for positional and rotational deviations to within 2 mm accuracy using synchronized tool position data with cutting power. The proposed method can be used in a hybrid (additive and subtractive) machine tool to periodically check part distortion in the additive build. The method is applicable for any additive process and is low-cost and computationally inexpensive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Damage modes and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V lattice structures under transverse impact loading","authors":"Minghao Huang , Yixiao Luo , Tenglong Xie , Xin Yang , Shenghang Xu , Chen Chang , Chao Ding , Huiping Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The light-weighting of high-end equipment structural components is an eternal pursuit in structural engineering. The development of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) technology has enabled the easy fabrication of lattice structure materials, which exhibit exceptional mechanical properties. The present study investigates the mechanical properties and deformation processes of ten Ti6Al4V lattice structures (Primitive, Diamond, Fischer-Koch, I-WP, Gyroid; 6-Layered Plate, 4-Layered Plate, Truss Plate; Auxetic honeycomb X, and Auxetic honeycomb Y) under a transverse impact loading. Firstly, it was found that the truss plate and 4-layered plate exhibited the highest specific absorbed energy (SAE) of 38.67 J/(g∙cm<sup>-3</sup>) and specific peak force (SPF) of 6033 N/(g∙cm<sup>-3</sup>), respectively. The Negative Poisson's ratio structure demonstrated the best damage tolerance during the impact test procedure. Meanwhile, the TPMS structures, which exhibit similar deformation behavior and shear failure modes, have closely matched peak force values. These findings provide critical guidance for aerospace and automotive applications requiring mass-efficient energy absorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher A. Hareland , Maria-Ioanna T. Tzini , Florian Hengsbach , Gregory B. Olson , Peter W. Voorhees
{"title":"A generalized mechanical blocking criterion for the columnar-to-equiaxed transition during additive manufacturing","authors":"Christopher A. Hareland , Maria-Ioanna T. Tzini , Florian Hengsbach , Gregory B. Olson , Peter W. Voorhees","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a fully general model for the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) that extends the classical mechanical blocking models to completely arbitrary nucleation-undercooling distributions and dendrite growth laws. The general approach is compared to the classical models for a recently reported die steel developed for additive manufacturing (AM). Notably, the models employ a completely pre-characterized and physically motivated set of material parameters, i.e., the kinetic coefficients and nucleation parameters. A method of calculating the nucleation parameters using CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) software is also demonstrated and discussed. The general model can directly utilize this full distribution of nucleation parameters, as well as the full dendrite growth law obtained from a CALPHAD-coupled model that incorporates non-equilibrium kinetic effects in multicomponent alloys. Finally, a morphology selection map is constructed for the printable die steel to predict regions of equiaxed dendritic, columnar dendritic, and plane-front solidification, showing that the general model of the CET provides higher fidelity in predicting regions of columnar and equiaxed solidification, and that tailoring the inoculant particle-size distribution is a viable method of controlling the CET under AM processing conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rion J. Wendland , Thomas J. Kolibaba , Kristan S. Worthington , Jason P. Killgore
{"title":"A practical guide to hydrogel working curves for bioprinting","authors":"Rion J. Wendland , Thomas J. Kolibaba , Kristan S. Worthington , Jason P. Killgore","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The working curve is a widely implemented, but presently not standardized, method of assessing resin printability for photopolymer additive manufacturing technologies. While the working curve has been studied and refined for plastic resins, application to hydrogel materials used in bioprinting has been limited. Hydrogels present measurement challenges due to their decreased solids content, compliant nature, and significant swelling. Here, adapting lessons learned from interlaboratory studies on plastic working curves, we assess various techniques for hydrogel working curve measurements. Notably, across several formulations with various molecular weights and solids content, hydrogels exhibit near ideal log-linear behavior consistent with the Jacobs model when measured appropriately. However, certain measurement modalities (such as contact-based and rheological) can indicate Jacobs-like behavior, but with systematic errors in the cure depth compared to non-contact optical methods. Overall, this work highlights the challenges when conducting hydrogel working curve measurements and provides several considerations to help further develop and standardize measurements across 3D bioprinting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}