Amit Kumar Singh , Prithvi D. Awasthi , Ankita Roy , Priyanka Agrawal , Aishani Sharma , Anurag Gumaste , Ravi Sankar Haridas , Rajiv S. Mishra
{"title":"Novel high specific-strength multi-topology Al-Ni-Ti-Zr-Mn alloy using laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing","authors":"Amit Kumar Singh , Prithvi D. Awasthi , Ankita Roy , Priyanka Agrawal , Aishani Sharma , Anurag Gumaste , Ravi Sankar Haridas , Rajiv S. Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing has opened a paradigm for the efficient and quick production of lightweight lattice structures showing characteristic high specific strength (strength-to-weight ratios). The current study describes the development of methodology and utilization of high strength Al alloy for building complex lattice using additive manufacturing. Thin plate lattice <1 mm of Al-Ni-Ti-Zr-Mn alloy with wide processing window, achieving an average yield strength of 63.13±3.32 MPa in compression, with 28 % lower density than Ti-6Al-4V demonstrates a successful design of Al-Ni-Ti-Zr-Mn alloys using laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB). The mitigation of cracks within thin plate parallel to the loading axis was achieved through the formation of Al-Al₃Ni eutectic channels, exploiting the rapid solidification of this short-freezing-range alloy. In addition to multi-topology structural design, the enhanced strength is attributed to hierarchical microstructure featuring L1₂ phases, bimodal grain distribution, and solid solution strengthening by Mn. This work establishes a printability-performance synergy of Al-Ni-Ti-Zr-Mn alloy for thin plate complex lattice, advancing the use of metamaterials through PBF-LB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minsol Park, Mudit Kesharwani, Mohammad Attarian Shandiz, Mathieu Brochu
{"title":"Microstructure homogenization of laser powder bed fusion support-free low angle IN718 walls through heat treatment","authors":"Minsol Park, Mudit Kesharwani, Mohammad Attarian Shandiz, Mathieu Brochu","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effectiveness of heat treatment (HT) to homogenize the microstructural and mechanical asymmetry between the bulk and the downskin regions of support-free IN718 walls fabricated at angles of 30°, 20°, 15°, and 10° In the as-built condition, the microhardness ranged from 340 ± 5 HV to 351 ± 4 HV for the bulk and from 315 ± 4 HV to 323 ± 10 HV for the downskin region, resulting in a maximum difference range of 35 HV. The HT eliminated this difference where microhardness values of 482 ± 3 HV in the bulk and 478 ± 4 HV in the downskin were measured. The HT induced γ″ precipitation with volume fraction and mean precipitate size in the bulk of 16.6 % and 24.7 ± 7.3 nm. These values are statistically comparable to those in the downskin: 15.8 % and 26.5 ± 7.9 nm. The similarity in the γ″ characteristics explains the recovery of the mismatch in hardness as γ″ contributes approximately 85 % of the strengthening in the HT condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zina Kallien , Eloise Eimer , Arne Roos , Victor Ortolland , Lars Rath , Stewart Williams , Benjamin Klusemann
{"title":"Combining fusion-based and solid-state additive manufacturing: Investigation of additive DED structures with friction surfacing interlayer","authors":"Zina Kallien , Eloise Eimer , Arne Roos , Victor Ortolland , Lars Rath , Stewart Williams , Benjamin Klusemann","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) techniques face some challenges for aluminium due to the necessity of material melting resulting in insufficient bonding. The present work provides a novel insight into the combination of fusion-based and solid-state AM approaches to successfully generate structures from different aluminium alloys. Specifically, the friction-based solid-state AM technique of friction surfacing (FS) is used to generate an interlayer structure on AA2050 substrate material. On top of this structure, additional AA5087 is deposited via Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). For the FS interlayer structure, two different alloys, AA5083 and AA7050, are explored. Additionally, the effect of inter-layer rolling is investigated for the final WAAM structure. The built structures are investigated with special focus on the interfaces, i.e., FS deposit-to-substrate and WAAM deposit-to-FS deposit interfaces. In the cross sections, no defects could be detected at the FS deposit-to-substrate interfaces and the structures did not show visible cracks at the WAAM deposit-to-FS deposit interfaces. The investigation showed that the mechanical properties of the WAAM structure improve when inter-layer rolling is applied, leading to homogeneous mechanical properties across the interfaces. The study highlights that FS as friction-based solid-state AM process is capable to build interlayer structures for material combinations, which cannot be achieved directly via a fusion-based process. The approach of combining different AM techniques can be advantageous not only to achieve a dissimilar material combinations but also to build hybrid structures with locally optimized properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AdditiveLLM: Large language models predict defects in metals additive manufacturing","authors":"Peter Pak , Amir Barati Farimani","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work we investigate the ability of large language models to predict additive manufacturing defect regimes given a set of process parameter inputs. For this task we utilize a process parameter defect dataset to fine-tune a collection of models, titled <em>AdditiveLLM</em>, for the purpose of predicting potential defect regimes including <em>Keyholing</em>, <em>Lack of Fusion</em>, and <em>Balling</em>. We compare different methods of input formatting in order to gauge the model’s performance to correctly predict defect regimes on our sparse <em>Baseline</em> dataset and our natural language <em>Prompt</em> dataset. The model displays robust predictive capability, achieving a <em>Baseline</em> accuracy of 94% and <em>Prompt</em> accuracy of 82% when asked to provide the defect regimes associated with a set of process parameters. The incorporation of natural language input further simplifies the task of process parameters selection, enabling users to identify optimal settings specific to their build.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaydeep Karandikar , Akash Tiwari , Josh Harbin , Christopher Tyler , Scott Smith , Derril Vezina , Rob Caron
{"title":"Part distortion monitoring in additive manufacturing using machining","authors":"Jaydeep Karandikar , Akash Tiwari , Josh Harbin , Christopher Tyler , Scott Smith , Derril Vezina , Rob Caron","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In additive manufacturing, accumulation of residual stresses can result in severe part distortion from the desired preform shape. Current methods for in-situ part distortion monitoring in additive manufacturing typically require expensive sensors, or capital equipment, and require time-consuming post-processing to understand the shape deviation. This paper presents an in-situ method, in the context of hybrid manufacturing, for part distortion detection using machining of additively manufactured parts. As a surrogate, three test artifacts were used to represent different distorted geometries. The tool axis positions from the machine tool controller and the cutting power were monitored during a facing operation. Cutting power data was used to detect the tool entry and exit in the workpiece using a novel approach with power standard deviation metric. The workpiece geometry and distorted configuration was subsequently predicted for positional and rotational deviations to within 2 mm accuracy using synchronized tool position data with cutting power. The proposed method can be used in a hybrid (additive and subtractive) machine tool to periodically check part distortion in the additive build. The method is applicable for any additive process and is low-cost and computationally inexpensive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Damage modes and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V lattice structures under transverse impact loading","authors":"Minghao Huang , Yixiao Luo , Tenglong Xie , Xin Yang , Shenghang Xu , Chen Chang , Chao Ding , Huiping Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The light-weighting of high-end equipment structural components is an eternal pursuit in structural engineering. The development of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) technology has enabled the easy fabrication of lattice structure materials, which exhibit exceptional mechanical properties. The present study investigates the mechanical properties and deformation processes of ten Ti6Al4V lattice structures (Primitive, Diamond, Fischer-Koch, I-WP, Gyroid; 6-Layered Plate, 4-Layered Plate, Truss Plate; Auxetic honeycomb X, and Auxetic honeycomb Y) under a transverse impact loading. Firstly, it was found that the truss plate and 4-layered plate exhibited the highest specific absorbed energy (SAE) of 38.67 J/(g∙cm<sup>-3</sup>) and specific peak force (SPF) of 6033 N/(g∙cm<sup>-3</sup>), respectively. The Negative Poisson's ratio structure demonstrated the best damage tolerance during the impact test procedure. Meanwhile, the TPMS structures, which exhibit similar deformation behavior and shear failure modes, have closely matched peak force values. These findings provide critical guidance for aerospace and automotive applications requiring mass-efficient energy absorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher A. Hareland , Maria-Ioanna T. Tzini , Florian Hengsbach , Gregory B. Olson , Peter W. Voorhees
{"title":"A generalized mechanical blocking criterion for the columnar-to-equiaxed transition during additive manufacturing","authors":"Christopher A. Hareland , Maria-Ioanna T. Tzini , Florian Hengsbach , Gregory B. Olson , Peter W. Voorhees","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a fully general model for the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) that extends the classical mechanical blocking models to completely arbitrary nucleation-undercooling distributions and dendrite growth laws. The general approach is compared to the classical models for a recently reported die steel developed for additive manufacturing (AM). Notably, the models employ a completely pre-characterized and physically motivated set of material parameters, i.e., the kinetic coefficients and nucleation parameters. A method of calculating the nucleation parameters using CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) software is also demonstrated and discussed. The general model can directly utilize this full distribution of nucleation parameters, as well as the full dendrite growth law obtained from a CALPHAD-coupled model that incorporates non-equilibrium kinetic effects in multicomponent alloys. Finally, a morphology selection map is constructed for the printable die steel to predict regions of equiaxed dendritic, columnar dendritic, and plane-front solidification, showing that the general model of the CET provides higher fidelity in predicting regions of columnar and equiaxed solidification, and that tailoring the inoculant particle-size distribution is a viable method of controlling the CET under AM processing conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rion J. Wendland , Thomas J. Kolibaba , Kristan S. Worthington , Jason P. Killgore
{"title":"A practical guide to hydrogel working curves for bioprinting","authors":"Rion J. Wendland , Thomas J. Kolibaba , Kristan S. Worthington , Jason P. Killgore","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The working curve is a widely implemented, but presently not standardized, method of assessing resin printability for photopolymer additive manufacturing technologies. While the working curve has been studied and refined for plastic resins, application to hydrogel materials used in bioprinting has been limited. Hydrogels present measurement challenges due to their decreased solids content, compliant nature, and significant swelling. Here, adapting lessons learned from interlaboratory studies on plastic working curves, we assess various techniques for hydrogel working curve measurements. Notably, across several formulations with various molecular weights and solids content, hydrogels exhibit near ideal log-linear behavior consistent with the Jacobs model when measured appropriately. However, certain measurement modalities (such as contact-based and rheological) can indicate Jacobs-like behavior, but with systematic errors in the cure depth compared to non-contact optical methods. Overall, this work highlights the challenges when conducting hydrogel working curve measurements and provides several considerations to help further develop and standardize measurements across 3D bioprinting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vivek K Sahu , Hector R. Siller , M.H. Herman Shen
{"title":"Effectiveness of residual stress and pores on the β-grain refinement in L-PBF Ti6Al4V processed with hot isostatic pressing","authors":"Vivek K Sahu , Hector R. Siller , M.H. Herman Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study examines the effect of HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) treatment above the β-transus temperature on porosity reduction and its effect on the transition from columnar to equiaxed prior β-grains in L-PBF (Laser Powder Bed Fusion) Ti6Al4V. HIP treatment was conducted at a holding temperature of 1050 °C and a pressure of 120 MPa for 2 h on the L-PBF Ti6Al4V samples, which were deposited with four different scanning speeds of 300 mm/s, 400 mm/s, 650 mm/s, and 1100 mm/s, while keeping the other deposition parameters constant. The sample with the higher scanning speed (1100 mm/s) exhibits the highest area fraction of lack-of-fusion defects, leading to more pronounced equiaxed β-grain refinement and texture weakening compared to the sample that has the lowest scanning speed (300 mm/s) and negligible lack-of-fusion defect. During the HIP treatment, the local stresses around the sharp tips of the defects, along with the inherent residual stresses in the as-built samples, contribute to the dynamic recrystallization below and above the β-transus temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Continuous carbon fiber 3D printing with interweaving deposition for enhanced mechanical performance in fused filament fabrication","authors":"A. ElSherbiny, A.J. Qureshi, P. Mertiny","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized modern manufacturing by enabling the rapid prototyping and production of complex geometries with minimal material waste. Among AM techniques, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is widely used for polymer-based manufacturing but exhibits limitations in high-performance applications due to insufficient mechanical properties. To address these shortcomings, this study focuses on advancing a standard FFF system to integrate Continuous Carbon Fiber (CCF) and implement interweaving deposition patterns, with the goal of enhancing structural performance and integrity. Representative volume element modeling and finite element analysis were conducted to evaluate the mechanical behavior, with results validated through experimental mechanical testing. The results confirm that CCF reinforcement improves the mechanical performance of printed components, particularly in the raster direction, although variations in response highlight the influence of material imperfections and non-linearities. The study demonstrates the potential of advanced CCF 3D printing in addressing the limitations of traditional FFF and provides insights for further advancements in polymer composite AM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}