Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"New Solutions in Decarbonization Technology","authors":"L. A. Tjurina,&nbsp;E. A. Babakov,&nbsp;M. Ya. Melnikov","doi":"10.3103/S0027131423060081","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131423060081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is shown that the removal of CO₂ from a gas can be implemented in a disk film absorber using water as an absorbent. The proposed technical solution is focused on solving various decarbonization problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"78 6","pages":"324 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41228874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Capabilities of Molecular Spectroscopy Methods in Studying Internal Rotation","authors":"L. A. Koroleva,&nbsp;A. V. Koroleva","doi":"10.3103/S0027131423060056","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131423060056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this review, the methods used to study internal rotation in the ground (S₀) and excited (S₁) electronic states in the following series of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds: R₄R₃C = CR₂–COR₁, where R₁ = H, R₁ = F, R₁ = C_I; R₂ = H, R₂ = CH₃, R₂ = F; and R₃ = R₄ = H = CH₃, are compared. Differences in the values of (0-v)-transitions of torsional vibration for s-<i>trans</i>- and s-<i>cis</i>-isomers for some studied compounds are revealed in the methods of analysis of the vibrational structure of the <i>n</i>-π*-transition of high-resolution UV absorption spectra and Fourier-transform IR spectra used in the study of the internal rotation in the (S₀) electronic state. The reasons for such differences are established. It is shown that in the (S₀) state, a more reliable determination of the values of (0-v)-transitions of the torsional vibration of both isomeric forms of molecules is obtained in the method of analysis of the vibrational structure of <i>n</i>-π*-transition of UV absorption spectra. A new assignment for transitions of the torsional vibration of the s-<i>trans</i> isomer of acrolein in the spectrum of the cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) method in the excited (S₁) state is proposed. It is concluded that the method of analyzing the vibrational structure of the <i>n</i>-π*-transition of high-resolution UV absorption spectra of vapors of the studied compounds is more reliable and accurate when studying the internal rotation in both electronic states.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"78 6","pages":"299 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41229309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Amino Acid Composition of Gelatin After Treatment of Bovine Collagen with Enzyme Preparations","authors":"S. Yu. Zaitsev","doi":"10.3103/S0027131423050085","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131423050085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, increased attention has been paid to the study of the amino acid (AA) composition of gelatins, which is associated with the quality of the corresponding gels as intermediates for human and animal nutrition. In a brief review, a modification of the general method of acid extraction of collagens for the preparation of gelatins using enzymes (such as papain, actinidin, and others) is considered and the corresponding changes in the amino acid composition of gelatins are discussed. It is clear that there are changes in the content of glycine in gelatins from any collagens, but in all cases the content of glycine is about a third of the content of all amino acids (as in the original collagens). It is important that the content of imino acids (the sum of proline and hydroxyproline, which largely determines the properties of gels) in gelatins from any collagens with the use of all the studied enzymes is much higher than without them. In addition, the content of imino acids in gelatin from the bovine skin of cows with the use of any enzymes is significantly higher than in gelatins from the skin of pigs and fish. This also holds true for other key proteinogenic AAs. The reverse trend is observed only for a few AAs: serine, threonine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, whose content is low in gelatins from any collagens.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"78 5","pages":"292 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41085000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycolipotripeptide (N-Lactitol-Gly)2-LysC16 and Its Fluorescently Labeled Analog for Visualizing Vector Systems for the Delivery of Biologically Active Substances to Target Cells","authors":"K. A. Afanasyeva,&nbsp;A. M. Gileva,&nbsp;E. A. Markvicheva,&nbsp;U. A. Budanova,&nbsp;Y. L. Sebyakin","doi":"10.3103/S0027131423050036","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131423050036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper studies the preparation of a carbohydrate derivative of lipotripeptide (<i>N</i>-lactitol-Gly)₂-LysC₁₆ of an irregular structure with two terminal residues of D-galactose, a branching link based on aliphatic L-lysine and its carbohydrate-free analog with 1-pyrenbutanol as a fluorescent label in a hydrophobic fragment. The developed synthesis scheme includes universal approaches of peptide chemistry and the stages of the formation of an acyclic carbohydrate based on lactose in the hydrophilic domain of amphiphile. The compounds are designed to create compositions of the vector BAS delivery systems with the ability to visualize the process of interaction with the target cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"78 5","pages":"283 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 Detection","authors":"M. S. Andrianova,&nbsp;O. S. Panova,&nbsp;A. A. Titov,&nbsp;N. V. Komarova,&nbsp;A. E. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.3103/S0027131423050048","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131423050048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has become global. The unprecedented socioeconomic impact of the pandemic has highlighted the need to improve the existing diagnostic methods and develop new methods to control the spread of the disease. Traditional technologies such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) have been considered the gold standard for testing for COVID-19 since the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence was published. However, they are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and do not guarantee the absence of false results. Electrochemical biosensors present alternative approaches to detect viral nucleic acids or viral antigens. The sensitivity and relatively low cost of the sensors and equipment, convenient management, rapid analysis, and suitability for miniaturization may contribute to the development of point-of-care (POC) testing for COVID-19. This review examines and critically discusses modern electrochemical biosensors for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and related technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"78 5","pages":"231 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and Functional Aspects of the Interactions Between Medical Polymers and Liposomes and Bacterial Cells","authors":"A. A. Skuredina,&nbsp;L. R. Yakupova,&nbsp;I. M. Le-Deygen,&nbsp;E. V. Kudryashova","doi":"10.3103/S0027131423050073","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131423050073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polymers are widely applied as drug delivery systems and implant coatings. This review studies the mechanisms of the interactions of biomedical polymers with model cell membranes (liposomes) and real biological objects—bacterial cell surfaces. A comparative analysis of the composition, structure, and surface charge of different types of biological membranes is outlined. We consider the main methods and approaches for studying the effect of polymers on the structure and physical and chemical properties of membranes to uncover adsorption, defects in the bilayer, violations of the integrity of the bilayer, changes in cell morphology, etc. The correlation between the observed effects on the model and real objects is analyzed. One of the important tasks of the review is to discover the key polymer’s characteristic (structure, size, charge, etc.) for designing new high-molecular compounds with the specified biological properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"78 5","pages":"255 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunosensor Based on Screen-Printed Graphite Electrodes Modified with Gold Nanoparticles and a Synthetic Membrane-Like Substance for the Determination of Chloramphenicol","authors":"G. V. Presnova,&nbsp;T. V. Bulko,&nbsp;V. V. Shumyantseva,&nbsp;M. Yu. Rubtsova","doi":"10.3103/S002713142305005X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S002713142305005X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An electrochemical immunosensor based on screen-printed graphite electrodes is developed for the determination of the antibiotic chloramphenicol in water and milk samples. It is shown that the immobilization of chloramphenicol-specific antibodies in the liquid-crystal layer of the membrane-like didodecyldimethylammonium bromide preserves the mobility and accessibility of active centers of antibodies, and the addition of gold nanoparticles improves the electron transfer from the electrode surface to the redox centers of horseradish peroxidase, which is used as a label. The limit of detection of chloramphenicol is 0.02 μg/L in water and 0.04 μg/L in milk. This method can be used to determine the residual amounts of chloramphenicol in animal products.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"78 5","pages":"275 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of ku70 Gene Knockout on the Transformation Frequency of Penicillium verruculosum Mycelial Fungi","authors":"I. G. Sinelnikov,&nbsp;V. Yu. Kislitsin,&nbsp;A. M. Chulkin,&nbsp;A. A. Shaplin,&nbsp;A. M. Rozhkova","doi":"10.3103/S0027131423050061","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131423050061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To increase the frequency of homologous recombination (HR) during the transformation of the industrial <i>Penicillium verruculosum</i> 221-151 strain (VKM F-3972D), the <i>ku70</i> gene encoding the Ku70 protein, which binds at sites of double-stranded DNA breaks and is involved in the repair process through nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), is knocked out by the CRISPR/CAS9 method. Presumably, the new host strain, <i>P. verruculosum</i> ΔniaDΔku70, should have an increased frequency of homologous recombination during the transformation in comparison with the host strain <i>P. verruculosum</i> ΔniaD due to the integrative insertion of the expression cassette only through the HR mechanism. The <i>pep1</i> gene encoding its homologous aspartate protease is chosen as a marker. However, it is shown that the knockout of the <i>ku70</i> gene leads to a dramatic decrease in the frequency of cotransformation in the <i>P. verruculosum</i> ΔniaDΔku70 strain compared to the <i>P. verruculosum</i> ΔniaD strain at the same load of exogenous DNA (3 μg). At the same time, the number of copies of the <i>pep1</i> gene in recombinant strains of the <i>P. verruculosum</i> Pep1 series (with the native Ku70) ranges from 3 to 28 copies, which indicates the predominance of the nonhomologous recombination mechanism (NHEJ).</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"78 5","pages":"269 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymes in the Development of Physico-Chemical Methods for Biomedical Research","authors":"I. N. Kurochkin,&nbsp;A. D. Vasilyeva,&nbsp;E. G. Evtushenko,&nbsp;A. V. Eremenko,&nbsp;D. V. Pergushov,&nbsp;L. V. Sigolaeva","doi":"10.3103/S002713142304003X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S002713142304003X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The possibilities that open up when using instrumental methods such as voltammetry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and mass spectrometry in tandem with enzymatic catalysis are considered. The basic principles of operation of electrochemical biosensors based on oxidases and dehydrogenases are described. It is shown that biosensors based on cyclic enzymatic reactions and substrate recycling have the best sensitivity. Variants of a significant improvement in the analytical capabilities of biosensor analysis due to the application of polymers for effective modification of the electrode surface and nondestructive immobilization of enzymes are considered. The data demonstrating how the use of enzyme labels expands the range of bioanalytical applications of SERS are presented. The possibility of a highly sensitive measurement of the activity of enzyme labels (peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, β-galactosidase) by SERS, in fact, opens up a new universal platform for the development of protocols to determine various antigens. The main trends in the methodology development of proteomic studies by mass spectrometry and the role of proteases in the design of mass spectrometric experiments are considered on the example of the most commonly used proteases.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"78 4","pages":"201 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4669573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbohydrases: 50 Years of Research at the Department of Chemical Enzymology of Moscow State University—History and Prospects","authors":"A. P. Sinitsyn,&nbsp;O. A. Sinitsyna,&nbsp;I. N. Zorov,&nbsp;A. M. Rozhkova","doi":"10.3103/S0027131423040065","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131423040065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review describes the history of the development of research on carbohydrasеs conducted at the Department of Chemical Enzymology from the mid-1970s to the present time. The results concerning the research on the mechanism and kinetics of the processes of enzymatic conversion of cellulose and renewable plant raw materials under the action of multienzyme cellulase complexes; and the role of individual components of these complexes—basic (endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases) and auxiliary enzymes (polysaccharide monooxygenase, β-glucosidase, xylanase)—as well as their synergistic interaction, is described. The features of using reactors of various designs for bioconversion of plant raw materials are also described: periodic type, continuous column type, reactor for hydrolysis in a constant electric field, and reactor with intensive mixing by ferromagnetic particles in magnetic field. The possibilities of increasing the reactivity of plant raw materials using various pretreatment methods, as well as the influence of the structural and physicochemical properties of cellulose on the efficiency of its enzymatic conversion are discussed. The data on the creation of highly active strains of microscopic fungi—producers of cellulases and other carbohydrases using methods of induced mutagenesis—<i>Trichoderma</i> (<i>Hypocrea</i>), <i>Penicillium</i> (<i>Talaromyces</i>), <i>Aspergillus</i>, and <i>Chrysosporium</i> (<i>Myceliophtora</i>) spp., as well as the data on the composition of the enzyme complexes produced by them and the properties of the enzymes forming them, are presented. It describes the creation of expression systems based on <i>P. canescens</i> and <i>P. verruculosum</i> and the production of recombinant producer strains with their help, which made it possible to obtain enzyme preparations (EPs) that ensure highly efficient bioconversion processes of plant raw materials and create producers of a wide range of carbohydrases for practical use in various fields of industry and agriculture. A number of industrially important EPs obtained using the <i>P. verruculosum</i> expression system are currently being produced at the Agroferment plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"78 4","pages":"170 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4966493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}