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Interaction of Silver Clusters with Dihydroquercetin 银团簇与二氢槲皮素的相互作用
IF 0.6
Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.3103/S0027131426700215
Ya. A. Gromova, A. Yu. Ermilov, T. I. Shabatina
{"title":"Interaction of Silver Clusters with Dihydroquercetin","authors":"Ya. A. Gromova,&nbsp;A. Yu. Ermilov,&nbsp;T. I. Shabatina","doi":"10.3103/S0027131426700215","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131426700215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The structures of small silver clusters (Ag<sub><i>n</i></sub>, <i>n</i> = 1–3) and their complexes with dihydroquercetin were calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) method in the B3LYP5 parameterization. The ligand dihydroquercetin (DHQ) belongs to the class of natural flavonoids and has pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The combination of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with such a ligand may lead to the creation of new forms of medicinal preparations with even more pronounced therapeutic properties. There are several active coordination centers in the structural formula of DHQ for Ag atoms with its functional groups. In this work, trends in the geometric structure and interaction energy of Ag-DHQ complexes were evaluated depending on the size of the metal cluster. The most stable complexes are those of the Ag<sub>3</sub> with the ligand upon coordination of atoms via the –OH group (C3, ring A) and –OH groups (C3', C4', ring B), the dissociation energies of the complexes amounted to 13.2 and 13.0 kcal/mol respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"81 5","pages":"225 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Preparation of Ag/Dioxidine/Gelatin Composite Systems via Cryoforming 纳米银的绿色合成及银/二氧化二胺/明胶复合体系的低温成型制备
IF 0.6
Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.3103/S0027131426700227
A. S. Ryzhkova, A. A. Makeeva, Z. A. Zagvozdin, A. V. Shabatin, O. I. Vernaya, A. M. Semenov, T. I. Shabatina
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Preparation of Ag/Dioxidine/Gelatin Composite Systems via Cryoforming","authors":"A. S. Ryzhkova,&nbsp;A. A. Makeeva,&nbsp;Z. A. Zagvozdin,&nbsp;A. V. Shabatin,&nbsp;O. I. Vernaya,&nbsp;A. M. Semenov,&nbsp;T. I. Shabatina","doi":"10.3103/S0027131426700227","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131426700227","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the rapidly developing directions in modern nanotechnologies is green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, including silver nanoparticles, offering pronounced antibacterial activity. The advantages of this approach are environmental safety, low cost, and biocompatibility of the resulting materials. In this paper, we report the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with the use of an aqueous <i>Quercus robur</i> bark extract. Their average size is 60 ± 5 nm according to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The composition and size of the nanoparticles have been confirmed using X-ray diffraction, UV/visible spectroscopy, TEM, and dynamic light scattering measurements. The antibacterial agent dioxidine and silver nanoparticles prepared using both the <i>Quercus robur</i> extract and a previously reported technique with the use of <i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> and <i>Calendula officinalis</i> flower extracts have been incorporated into macroporous gelatin-based biopolymer matrices via cryochemical modification. The composition and morphology of the hybrid systems have been studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We have assessed the kinetics of drug release and the antibacterial activity of the systems for <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Combining the plant extracts with silver nanoparticles has been found to ensure synergistic effects in enhancing the antibacterial activity of the systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"81 5","pages":"231 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Catalytic Activity of Rh–La/HZSM-5 Bimetallic Catalysts in Benzene Methylation Reaction Rh-La /HZSM-5双金属催化剂在苯甲基化反应中的催化活性
IF 0.6
Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.3103/S0027131426700240
E. S. Mammadov, N. F. Akhmedova, S. E. Mammadov, A. Z. Mamedova
{"title":"Catalytic Activity of Rh–La/HZSM-5 Bimetallic Catalysts in Benzene Methylation Reaction","authors":"E. S. Mammadov,&nbsp;N. F. Akhmedova,&nbsp;S. E. Mammadov,&nbsp;A. Z. Mamedova","doi":"10.3103/S0027131426700240","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131426700240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An HZSM-5 zeolite was modified with lanthanum and rhodium to address the problem of annihilation of a methanol-to-olefin (MTO) side reaction, to increase xylene selectivity (particularly <i>p</i>-xylene), and to enhance the stability of catalysts used in benzene methylation. The catalysts were characterized by X‑ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, temperature-programmed ammonia desorption, and specific surface area and porosity measurements using BET and BJH methods. Benzene was methylated in a plug-flow reactor at 380°C with a benzene-to-methanol molar ratio of 1 : 1 under hydrogen flow. The two-component modification of HZSM-5 decreased the density of strong acid sites to form metal sites, to decrease pore volume, and to increase the catalyst mesoporosity. This led to the annihilation of side reactions, an increase in <i>p</i>-xylene selectivity, and high catalyst stability. The bimetallic Rh–La/HZSM-5 catalyst completely annihilates the MTO side reaction to exhibit high <i>p</i>-xylene selectivity (71.2%), and operational stability (up to 80 h).</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"81 5","pages":"252 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Step-by-Step Assembly Simulation of Lipid Nanoparticles with Encapsulated Nucleic Acid 脂质纳米颗粒与封装核酸的一步一步组装模拟
IF 0.6
Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.3103/S0027131426700252
B. D. Shmykov, O. V. Zaborova, V. A. Timoshenko, V. G. Sergeyev
{"title":"Step-by-Step Assembly Simulation of Lipid Nanoparticles with Encapsulated Nucleic Acid","authors":"B. D. Shmykov,&nbsp;O. V. Zaborova,&nbsp;V. A. Timoshenko,&nbsp;V. G. Sergeyev","doi":"10.3103/S0027131426700252","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131426700252","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The formation of two-, three-, and four-component lipid nanoparticles containing DNA was studied. It was shown that although two-component particles composed of a phospholipid and a cationic surfactant are stable, the efficiency of DNA encapsulation in such particles does not exceed 5%. The introduction of cholesterol into the system increases the membrane rigidity and the encapsulation efficiency to 40%. When introducing a lipid conjugated with polyethylene glycol, not only the aggregation stability of particles increases, but also the efficiency of DNA encapsulation increases to 60%.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"81 5","pages":"262 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In Vitro Inhibition of Glutathione-S-Transferase by Some Plant Extracts and Chemical Compounds 一些植物提取物和化合物对谷胱甘肽s -转移酶的体外抑制作用
IF 0.6
Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.3103/S0027131426700264
Cemre Babaoglu, Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz-Mutlu, Refiye Yanardag
{"title":"In Vitro Inhibition of Glutathione-S-Transferase by Some Plant Extracts and Chemical Compounds","authors":"Cemre Babaoglu,&nbsp;Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz-Mutlu,&nbsp;Refiye Yanardag","doi":"10.3103/S0027131426700264","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131426700264","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glutathione-S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) is a detoxification enzyme which belongs to the transferase enzyme family. This enzyme is found in many prokaryotic and all eukaryotic cells. GST catalyzes conjugation of reduced glutathione with exogen, mutagens, etc. The relation between increased GST activities and cancer cases have directed researchers to investigate the possible inhibition of this enzyme. For this reason, phytochemicals are at the center of this research due to their useful properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potentials of plant extracts and chemical compounds to inhibit GST. GST inhibitory effects of various samples were determined according to Habig et al. method. The inhibition assays were determined spectrophotometrically at 340 nm as considering absorbance alteration between zero and third minutes. 1‑Chloro-2,4-dinitro benzene was used as substrate. In our study, aqueous plant extracts were prepared. Among the plant extracts, chard (IC<sub>50</sub> = 17.01 ± 1.16 mg/mL), spinach (IC<sub>50</sub> = 24.93 ± 2.86 mg/mL), and lemon (IC<sub>50</sub> = 29.32 ± 2.98 mg/mL) showed the best inhibition. Among the chemical substances, bivalent compounds of copper (IC<sub>50</sub> = 5.72 ± 0.13 mM), cadmium (IC<sub>50</sub> = 5.86 ± 0.55 mM), zinc (IC<sub>50</sub> = 25.68 ± 1.62 mM), and vitamin B<sub>6</sub> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 16.26 ± 2.72 mM) were observed as the best inhibitory chemical compounds. When we consider the phytochemical screening of plant extracts and the structures of chemical compounds, we can hypothesize that they could be new targets in cancer treatments as targets for GST inhibition.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"81 5","pages":"279 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diluted Aqueous DNA Solutions: Physicochemical and Biological Properties 稀释DNA水溶液：物理化学和生物特性
IF 0.6
Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.3103/S0027131426700239
I. S. Ryzhkina, S. Yu. Sergeeva, L. A. Kostina, L. I. Murtazina, A. M. Petrov, S. A. Ryzhkin, M. Ya. Melnikov
{"title":"Diluted Aqueous DNA Solutions: Physicochemical and Biological Properties","authors":"I. S. Ryzhkina,&nbsp;S. Yu. Sergeeva,&nbsp;L. A. Kostina,&nbsp;L. I. Murtazina,&nbsp;A. M. Petrov,&nbsp;S. A. Ryzhkin,&nbsp;M. Ya. Melnikov","doi":"10.3103/S0027131426700239","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131426700239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using a complex of physicochemical methods (dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, UV spectroscopy, fluorescence, ORP measurement) and ecotoxicological tests, diluted aqueous solutions of salmon milt DNA (DNA-ml)—an accessible byproduct of the fishing industry with therapeutic and preventive properties—were studied. A correlation was established between the percentage of the dispersed phase with sizes in the hundreds of nanometers, non-monotonic changes in ORP and fluorescence intensity, and their effects on the population of unicellular algae and the root growth of wheat seedlings. The most pronounced inhibitory effect of DNA-ml solutions on plant bio-test objects occurs at dilution ranges where the maximum percentage of nanoassociates is observed, along with an increase in ORP values and fluorescence intensity. It was shown that diluted DNA-ml solutions have a non-monotonic harmful effect on lower crustaceans. The highest mortality of crustaceans was detected at dilutions where there is an increase in the percentage of structures sized in the thousands of nanometers and an increase in fluorescence intensity in the λ<sub>em</sub> 300 nm region.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"81 5","pages":"240 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cryomodification of Dioxidine by Spray Cryogenic Drying: Influence of Process Parameters on the Physicochemical Properties 喷雾低温干燥法对二氧化二醇的低温改性：工艺参数对其理化性质的影响
IF 0.6
Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.3103/S002713142670015X
A. S. Shumilkin, A. S. Kravchenko, O. I. Vernaya, A. V. Shabatin, Yu. N. Morozov, T. I. Shabatina
{"title":"Cryomodification of Dioxidine by Spray Cryogenic Drying: Influence of Process Parameters on the Physicochemical Properties","authors":"A. S. Shumilkin,&nbsp;A. S. Kravchenko,&nbsp;O. I. Vernaya,&nbsp;A. V. Shabatin,&nbsp;Yu. N. Morozov,&nbsp;T. I. Shabatina","doi":"10.3103/S002713142670015X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S002713142670015X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cryochemical technologies enable targeted modification of the morphology and structure of drug powders, which in turn affects their dissolution rate, specific surface area, equilibrium solubility, and pharmacological activity. This paper demonstrates how cryomodification using cryogenic spray drying allows for modification of the structure and morphology of antibacterial drug dioxidine, directly affecting its physicochemical properties (dissolution rate, specific surface area, particle size distribution, and antibacterial activity). Influence of key cryogenic drying parameters (concentration and temperature of sprayed precursor solution) on the structural and morphological properties of the resulting drug powder was determined. The original pharmacopoeial and cryomodified drug’s phase composition and structure were determined using X-ray phase analysis, UV, and IR spectroscopy. Morphology and specific surface area of samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and low-temperature argon adsorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"81 4","pages":"184 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Digital Colorimetric Signal of Photonic‑Crystalline Sensor Arrays: Selection of Measurement Conditions 光子晶体传感器阵列的数字比色信号：测量条件的选择
IF 0.6
Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.3103/S0027131426700173
A. V. Ivanov, N. N. Zamyatina, I. S. Shchemelev, K. E. Veliev, P. M. Kamilova, O. I. Kirilov
{"title":"Digital Colorimetric Signal of Photonic‑Crystalline Sensor Arrays: Selection of Measurement Conditions","authors":"A. V. Ivanov,&nbsp;N. N. Zamyatina,&nbsp;I. S. Shchemelev,&nbsp;K. E. Veliev,&nbsp;P. M. Kamilova,&nbsp;O. I. Kirilov","doi":"10.3103/S0027131426700173","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131426700173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A digital colorimetry method using a consumer device (smartphone camera) was applied for the first time to measure the characteristics of photonic crystal sensor arrays. Sensor arrays consist of an array of polystyrene spheres (average diameters of 190, 250, and 280 nm) coated with a layer of polydimethylsiloxane on polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate substrates. Photography conditions and parameters were identified that yield the most stable and intense analytical signal in RGB coordinates for photonic crystal arrays with violet, green, and red source colors. The feasibility of measuring the chromaticity coordinates and the <b>Ar</b> vector integral length of a sensor array, which change when exposed to volatile organic compounds (using hexane vapor as an example), was demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"81 4","pages":"200 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cold Sintering of Ceramic Materials 陶瓷材料的冷烧结
IF 0.6
Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.3103/S0027131426700185
M. A. Pakhomov
{"title":"Cold Sintering of Ceramic Materials","authors":"M. A. Pakhomov","doi":"10.3103/S0027131426700185","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131426700185","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examined the mechanisms and results of applying various cold sintering methods, including specialized heating conditions and other innovative approaches. Particular attention was given to emerging promising technologies, such as cold sintering process (CSP), FLASH sintering, and spark plasma sintering (SPS). These methods enabled a significant reduction in the energy required for ceramic synthesis and ensured the preservation of the unique properties of the initial materials, including nanostructure and performance characteristics. The discussed approaches demonstrated substantial advantages, such as a drastic reduction in sintering temperature to as low as 300°C and the achievement of high-density products.</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"81 4","pages":"208 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interaction of Silver Clusters with Quercetin 银团簇与槲皮素的相互作用
IF 0.6
Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.3103/S0027131426700148
Ya. A. Gromova, A. Yu. Ermilov, T. I. Shabatina
{"title":"Interaction of Silver Clusters with Quercetin","authors":"Ya. A. Gromova,&nbsp;A. Yu. Ermilov,&nbsp;T. I. Shabatina","doi":"10.3103/S0027131426700148","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027131426700148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stabilised with quercetin (Que) were obtained by chemical polyol reduction. The optimization of the hybrid system synthesis was based on varying the heating time, the molar ratio of AgNO<sub>3</sub>-Que, and the pH. The formation of AgNPs was monitored using UV-visible spectroscopy. The structures of small silver clusters (Ag, Ag<sub>2</sub>, Ag<sub>3</sub>) and their interaction with the quercetin were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP5 parameterisation. Trends in the geometric structure and interaction energy of Ag<sub><i>n</i></sub>—quercetin were evaluated depending on the cluster size and coordination site. It was shown that the dissociation energy increases with the growth of the metal cluster size. The preferred coordination of Ag atoms is via the carbonyl oxygen conjugated with the benzoic fragment of quercetin in ring A. The highest binding energy was obtained for the Ag<sub>3</sub>-Que system (10.3 kcal/mol).</p>","PeriodicalId":709,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin","volume":"81 4","pages":"177 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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