Microfluidics and Nanofluidics最新文献

{"title":"Heuristic modeling of material properties in Nano/Angstrom-scale channels: integrating experimental observations and MD simulations","authors":"Himanshu Mishra,&nbsp;Ashish Garg","doi":"10.1007/s10404-025-02788-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10404-025-02788-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we propose a unified framework to describe three key atomic-scale fluid properties-density, viscosity, and slip length-within nanoscale channels. These properties, which deviate significantly from bulk behavior, are expressed using simple power-law models as functions of the nanochannel height. The proposed framework accurately captures experimental and simulation data, providing a more flexible and interpretable alternative to existing complex or disparate models. The key advantage of our model lies in its mathematical properties. Continuity and a continuous derivative ensure seamless implementation into numerical simulations and theoretical predictions, leading to more understandable, stable, and accurate results. Additionally, the model adheres to physical principles, predicting convergence to bulk properties as channel size increases. Further, compared to existing exponential models, the unified power-law modeling approach offers several advantages. It provides flexibility by capturing nonlinear relationships and diverse data curvatures, interpretability through physically meaningful parameters, and adaptability for integration with other functions to model complex phenomena. Its simplicity facilitates easy parameter estimation, model interpretation, and computational efficiency. Moreover, its robustness makes it less sensitive to outliers and noise while maintaining fewer parameters that directly correspond to underlying physics and scaling laws. Hence, the proposed model’s simplicity, smoothness, physical validity, and generality establish it as a significant heuristic tool for the efficient design and optimization of nanoscale devices, utilizing theory and simulations across a wide range of applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":706,"journal":{"name":"Microfluidics and Nanofluidics","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement in electroosmotic mixing in obstruction-laden microchannels","authors":"Indrani Basu,&nbsp;Jayabrata Dhar","doi":"10.1007/s10404-025-02786-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10404-025-02786-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study presents a novel approach leveraging electroosmotic flow actuation within a charged obstruction-laden microchannel to improve mixing and transport. Through comprehensive numerical simulations that solve the coupled modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck and Navier–Stokes equations, and accounts for finite ion size and ionic cloud overflow across nano-conduits, we evaluate the mixing performance and flow throughput for various obstruction arrangements within a microchannel by quantifying outlet tracer distributions, scalar dissipation rate, finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) fields, and average outlet velocities. Our results reveal that charged obstructions outperform uncharged counterparts in mixing performance, while <i>parallel</i> obstruction arrangements yield higher velocities and better mixing as compared to <i>alternate</i> arrangements. Surface charge density at the surfaces plays a critical role, with both low and high values facilitate effective mixing, albeit higher surface charge densities promote increased flow rates. However, distinct mixing mechanisms are observed at the low and the high surface charge cases as revealed by FTLE analysis while moderate values of surface charge delineate poor mixing performance. Notably, subsequent obstructions with axially overlapped zones emerge as a critical design for efficient mixing, a configuration previously unexplored. Exploiting these findings, we propose a simplified channel design with fewer obstructions, achieving excellent mixing and higher throughput while ensuring fabrication simplicity. The flow characteristics qualitatively agree with previous experiments but uniquely explore the impact of axially overlapping subsequent obstructions on mixing. The present approach holds promise for the design of various porous microfluidic systems utilizing the existing fabrication technologies, with broad applicability in mechanotransduction and other biomedical devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":706,"journal":{"name":"Microfluidics and Nanofluidics","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing micromixing techniques: the role of surface acoustic waves and fluid–structure interaction in non-newtonian fluids","authors":"Vahid Rabiei Faradonbeh,&nbsp;Soheil Salahshour,&nbsp;Davood Toghraie","doi":"10.1007/s10404-025-02787-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10404-025-02787-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study numerically investigated the enhancement of micromixing efficiency through integrating surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and hyper-elastic channel walls, modeled using a power-law fluid representative of human blood flow. The governing equations are systematically divided into zeroth, first, and second orders based on perturbation theory. This facilitates the development of a fully coupled two-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) framework implemented via the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. The combination of SAWs and hyper-elastic materials demonstrated a marked improvement in mixing efficiency, increasing from 0 to 0.99, alongside a significant reduction in pressure drop within the microchannel. The interaction between SAWs and the deformable walls induces localized instabilities and shear stresses that effectively disrupt the laminar flow, promoting enhanced mixing. The study highlights the critical role of hyper-elastic walls in modulating normal forces on the fluid and reducing pressure drop, offering insights into the interaction between fluid viscosity, acoustic pressure fields, and flow dynamics. These findings provide a framework for designing micromixers with optimized efficiency and reduced channel length, offering practical advancements in microfluidic systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":706,"journal":{"name":"Microfluidics and Nanofluidics","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive characterization of a microfluidic platform for DEP manipulation and bio-impedance detection using multi-sized polystyrene microbeads","authors":"Sameh Sherif,&nbsp;Yehya H. Ghallab,&nbsp;Yehea Ismail","doi":"10.1007/s10404-024-02785-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10404-024-02785-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dielectrophoresis (DEP) manipulation combined with micro-electric impedance spectroscopy (µEIS) presents a sophisticated approach for cellular analysis and dielectric characterization. While conventional cell analysis techniques rely on complex labeling methods with inherent limitations, integrating DEP and µEIS offers non-invasive, label-free cellular characterization with enhanced sensitivity. This study presents an innovative dual-mode DEP platform incorporating both levitation (LEV_DEP) and rotational (ROT_DEP) forces, integrated with high-precision impedance measurement capabilities on one chip, enabling simultaneous Cell controlling and manipulation and dielectric signature extraction within a single microfluidic device. The fabricated and developed microfluidic platform demonstrated exceptional particle discrimination through the dual mode, with distinct responses for both particle populations. Under <span>(F_{lEV.DEP}^{10.4 mu m})</span> 2.01 MHz showed a 63.4% magnitude increase, while <span>(F_{lEV.DEP}^{24.9 mu m })</span> , particles exhibited a higher 81.2% increase at the same force, yielding a 2.48 × enhancement in discrimination ratio compared to no-DEP conditions. ROT_DEP at 110 kHz induced even more pronounced differences, with <span>(F_{ROT.DEP}^{10.4 mu m})</span> showing a 120% magnitude increase (phase patterns: −24.501° to −34.363°) and <span>(F_{ROT.DEP}^{24.9 mu m})</span> µm particles demonstrating a 145% increase (phase patterns: −31.267° to −42.891°), achieving a 3.16 × discrimination ratio enhancement. The impedance spectrum revealed distinct frequency-dependent signatures, with ROT_DEP showing superior mid-frequency discrimination (10.4 µm: 1.9370×<span>({10}^{4})</span> Ω vs 24.9 µm: 2.0542×<span>({10}^{4})</span> Ω at 110 kHz) and LEV_DEP optimizing high-frequency characterization (10.4 µm: 1.6677×<span>({10}^{4})</span> Ω vs 24.9 µm: 1.5849×<span>({10}^{4})</span> Ω at 2.01 MHz). These signatures demonstrate the platform’s comprehensive particle characterization capabilities through complementary DEP forces. The dual-mode approach enhanced discrimination ratios by 2.48 × under <span>(Lev. force)</span> and 3.16 × under <span>(LEV. force)</span> at selected characteristic frequency range compared to <span>(NonDEP force)</span> conditions. Comprehensive impedance analysis through frequency spectrum (10 kHz—2.01 MHz) revealed unique frequency-dependent cell signatures, <span>(ROT. force)</span> demonstrating superior mid-frequency discrimination (magnitude differences of 1.9370 × 10⁴ Ω vs 2.0542 × 10⁴ Ω at 110 kHz) and LEV_DEP optimizing high-frequency characterization (1.6677 × 10⁴ Ω vs 1.5849 × 10⁴ Ω at 2.01 MHz). Impedance dielectric analysis conducted over the 10 kHz to 2.01 MHz frequency range demonstrated frequency-dependent characteristics for each selected cell population. ROT_DEP enhanced","PeriodicalId":706,"journal":{"name":"Microfluidics and Nanofluidics","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10404-024-02785-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to detect CD4 T-lymphocytes using a microfluidic chip and compact signal processing circuit","authors":"Huong Thi Phi,&nbsp;Phu Van Nguyen,&nbsp;Thanh Van Pham,&nbsp;Huy Van Hoang,&nbsp;Quynh Manh Luu,&nbsp;Thien Duy Nguyen,&nbsp;Huong Thi Thu Pham,&nbsp;Van Thi Thanh Nguyen,&nbsp;Luong Hoang Nguyen,&nbsp;Hong Thi Tran,&nbsp;Nam Hoang Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s10404-024-02782-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10404-024-02782-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CD4 T-lymphocytes (CD4 cells) are a type of T lymphocyte that plays an important role in the immune system, helping to fight germs and protect the body from disease. Accurate enumeration of CD4 T cells is crucial for assessing immune health and diagnosing various diseases. This study presents the development and validation of a novel microfluidic biochip system designed for the detection and counting of CD4 T cells using impedance measurements. The proposed system integrated a cell detection chip with a cost-effective signal processing circuit, which included an instrumental amplifier and a highly sensitive lock-in amplifier. The sensing structure, created using advanced microfabrication technology, consists of three microelectrodes and a 50 × 50 μm measurement aperture. The detection principle relied on the impedance imbalance caused by the presence of CD4 T cells in the fluidic flow between adjacent sensing electrodes. The system's performance was validated through extensive experiments, demonstrating high accuracy in detecting and counting CD4 T cells separated from whole blood based on their magnetic properties. The experimental results indicate that the proposed system was simpler, faster, and more cost-effective compared to traditional laser flow cytometry. Furthermore, the system’s portability and ease of use made it highly suitable for point-of-care diagnostics and on-site cell analysis. The utilization of microfabrication technology and impedance measurement not only enhanced efficiency and accuracy but also offered a reliable solution for rapid biological cell detection. Future work will focus on enhancing the throughput and miniaturizing the sensing structure to align with the high standards of conventional flow cytometry while maintaining cost-effectiveness and simplicity. This research lays a solid foundation for the development of advanced lab-on-a-chip technologies for biological cell detection and analysis, promising significant improvements in healthcare diagnostics and monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":706,"journal":{"name":"Microfluidics and Nanofluidics","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and optimization of microfluidic systems for real-time detection of nutrients in soil based on computational fluid dynamics and response surface methodology","authors":"Sachin M. Khomane,&nbsp;Pradeep Vitthal Jadhav","doi":"10.1007/s10404-024-02781-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10404-024-02781-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microfluidics is turning out to be essential for the advancement of scientific research, healthcare, and various other applications due to its ability to provide precise control, miniaturization, and integration of fluid samples. Existing research shows a considerable growth rate in the utilization of microfluidics-based techniques, especially in the biomedical field for disease detection, drug analysis, cell analysis, and more. However, the development of microfluidic systems for soil nutrition testing applications is still a challenging task due to the need for micro scale dimensions and a high degree of precision during the fabrication and detection of soil nutrients. The present investigation aims to find the most suitable design for the microfluidic chip that can control and detect microfluid containing soil nutrients, especially nitrites, effectively. To achieve this goal, the parameters of different microchannel (MC) specimens, such as snug height, channel width, obstacle pitch, mean mixture pressure, wall shear stress, strain rate, and total pressure, are analyzed. In addition, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is introduced to statistically authenticate the obtained simulation data. As a result, the present investigation proposes the optimal MC design with optimal parameters: snug height of 0.35 mm, channel width of 1.54 mm, obstacle pitch of 2.5 mm, mean mixture pressure of 0.24 MPa, wall shear stress of 1.1 Pa, strain rate of 2259 s⁻¹, and total pressure of 1.42 MPa. Moreover, the functionality of the proposed microfluidic chip was calibrated and predicted using the Deep Neural Network-based Modified Sea Horse Optimizer (DNN-MSHO) algorithm, confirming the presence of nitrites in the used soil samples in a range of 2.81–4.18 ppm, which again proves the efficiency and trustworthiness of the proposed microfluidic chip design and its usability in real soil testing applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":706,"journal":{"name":"Microfluidics and Nanofluidics","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shapes of surfactant-laden Taylor bubbles in a square microchannel","authors":"Ryota Igarashi,&nbsp;Riku Hachikubo,&nbsp;Ryo Kurimoto,&nbsp;Kosuke Hayashi","doi":"10.1007/s10404-024-02784-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10404-024-02784-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experiments on contaminated Taylor flows in a square microchannel were carried out to investigate the effects of surfactant on the bubble shape in the nose and tail regions for different surfactant properties. The nose curvature was found to be proportional to the bubble length at low surfactant concentrations, while it was independent of the concentration at high concentrations. The rate of increase in the nose curvature at the former concentrations can be expressed in terms of the surface coverage ratio. The bubble velocity decreased with increasing the nose curvature, whereas the surface tension reduced by surfactant adsorption worked better to correlate the velocity data. The curvature of the bubble tail increased steeply at low concentrations as a consequence of the early coverage due to interfacial advection. The tail curvature also had a strong correlation with the surface coverage ratio.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":706,"journal":{"name":"Microfluidics and Nanofluidics","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10404-024-02784-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Envelope boundary conditions for the upper surface of two-dimensional canopy interacting with fluid flow","authors":"Shota Akita,&nbsp;Kie Okabayashi,&nbsp;Shintaro Takeuchi","doi":"10.1007/s10404-024-02779-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10404-024-02779-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Boundary conditions at the surface of a layer of flexible fibers (i.e. the canopy envelope) subjected to fluid flow are proposed for uniform and non-uniform motions of the fibers, where the fibers exhibit identical and individual motions, respectively, to understand the mechanisms of the swaying motion of the canopy. By assuming small deflections, the fibers are treated as rigid rods hinged to a flat wall and the effects of the hydrodynamic force on the fibers are expressed with the moment of fluid forces by averaging the Navier–Stokes equations. For the uniformly moving case, displacement of the envelope is represented by a mass-spring-damper system driven by the hydrodynamic force. As the non-uniformity of the canopy behavior enhances, the effects of the diffusion of fiber velocities and fluid inertia along the fiber stems play a more important role in the envelope displacement equation. Numerical simulations of fluid flow are conducted with the envelope displacement models as the boundary conditions at the canopy surface. The validity of the present models is assessed by comparison with the results of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation, which directly solves the interaction between individual fibers and fluid by an immersed boundary method. With the envelope model for non-uniform displacement, the grid convergence of the numerical result is about a first order rate. The comparison of the terms in the envelope model for non-uniform displacement shows that diffusion of fiber velocities dominates the motion of fibers. The applicability of the model is assessed by varying the number density of the fibers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":706,"journal":{"name":"Microfluidics and Nanofluidics","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of T-shaped micromixers using an innovative bend structure of mixing channel","authors":"Kamran Rasheed,&nbsp;Mubashshir Ahmad Ansari,&nbsp;Shahnwaz Alam,&nbsp;Mohammad Nawaz Khan","doi":"10.1007/s10404-024-02783-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10404-024-02783-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Passive micromixers, known for their notable mixing effectiveness and simple manufacturing, are extensively utilized in the lab on chip devices, the bio-medicinal industry, the pharma industry and chemical process. Among the various designs of passive micromixers, the simple T-junction micromixer and the vortex T-junction micromixer are basic designs. In this paper, a comparative study was performed to analyze the influence of bend structural channels on the mixing quality, pressure drop and mixing cost for simple and vortex T micromixers by using numerical simulations. Reynolds numbers (30–120) and angle of bend (θ) ranging from 0° to 180° are the crucial parameters for the investigation. The outcomes suggest that vortex T-junction micromixers with bend structural channels have a greater mixing index than simple T-junction micromixers with bend structural channels, across all the Reynolds values. The findings also suggest that increasing the angle of bend (θ) improves the mixing performance. Additionally, the degree of mixing performance and pressure reduction both exhibit a positive correlation with higher Reynolds numbers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":706,"journal":{"name":"Microfluidics and Nanofluidics","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pillar shapes on the cell isolation in contactless DEP microfluidic devices","authors":"Mohsen Mashhadi Keshtiban,&nbsp;Peyman Torky Harchegani,&nbsp;Mahdi Moghimi Zand,&nbsp;Zahra Azizi","doi":"10.1007/s10404-024-02772-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10404-024-02772-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contactless dielectrophoresis is an effective method for trapping and manipulating cells in microfluidic devices. However, the efficiency of these devices decreases at higher flow rates. To address the limitation of previous studies, a new pillar shape is introduced and numerically simulated to isolate THP-1 cells and efficiently separate them from red blood cells (RBCs). A comparison is made in two microchannels with the novel pillar shape of two perpendicular ellipses and the circular pillar shape as the reference case. Simulation results demonstrate that the use of two perpendicular ellipticals pillar shape improves the electric characteristics of the device, showing 92.7% higher <span>(nabla {E}_{rms}^{2})</span> compared to the channel with circular pillars. The working frequency is selected based on the CM factor to isolate THP-1 cells without affecting RBCs. Additionally, the new pillar configuration exhibited 116% higher cell trap efficiency compared to the chip with circular pillars.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":706,"journal":{"name":"Microfluidics and Nanofluidics","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}