Metals and Materials International最新文献

{"title":"Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-4.5% Si Thin-Gauge Non-Oriented Electrical Steel","authors":"Siqi Li, Guoqing Zu, Xianxun Jiang, Yukuan Lu, Yuan Liang, Hui Wu, Ying Han, Weiwei Zhu, Yu Zhao, Xu Ran","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01758-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01758-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, Fe-4.5% Si thin-gauge non-oriented electrical steel with a thickness of 0.20 mm and 0.15 mm were prepared by an innovative and convenient twin-roll strip casting process. The evolution of microstructure and texture of the cast strip under different rolling deformation with/without annealing treatment was studied. The microstructure and texture of the material were characterized by optical microscope, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that the shear band of the annealed cast strip was not obvious after rolling deformation, while a common cold rolling texture (γ-fiber texture) was formed. The as-cast strip with/without annealing treatment showed {411} &lt;148 &gt; texture after warm rolling and final annealing. The latter formed a stronger {411} &lt;148 &gt; texture and directional nucleation was the main mechanism for the formation of recrystallized texture. Regarding the magnetic properties, the annealing treatment of the cast strip did not improve the magnetic induction of the thin-gauge strip but increased the core loss. The 0.20 mm thin-gauge non-oriented electrical steel prepared by the cast strip without annealing treatment exhibited the best magnetic properties with B₅₀ = 1.674T, P_15/50=2.10 W/kg, P_10/400=12.28 W/kg, P_10/1K=12.56 W/kg. Although the magnetic induction of 0.15 mm thin-gauge non-oriented electrical steel reduced relatively, a lower core loss was obtained.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect Microstructure Evolution in an Immiscible Composite Cu43%Cr Alloy After High-Pressure Torsion and Annealing Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy","authors":"I. Bibimoune, E. Hirschmann, M. O. Liedke, A. Wagner, M. Kawasaki, T. Baudin, I. Mkinsi, K. Abib, Y. Huang, T. G. Langdon, D. Bradai","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01745-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01745-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microstructure of a Cu43%Cr alloy after high-pressure torsion (HPT) processing and annealing for 1 h was analyzed using Doppler broadening – variable energy PAS (DB-VEPAS) and conventional positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (cPALS). DB-VEPAS analysis of the near-surface defects reveals the existence of a nanosized oxide layer whose thickness increases from 43 to 103 nm with temperature (210–850 °C) while the diffusion length is unaffected around 20 nm. cPALS analysis revealed two lifetime components of the bulk defects, namely the components related to either vacancies or dislocations, for the as-received material with annealing at 925 °C. After HPT processing, the alloy showed two components which correspond to positrons trapped and annihilated at dislocations (lifetime ̴ 160 ps) in Cu and Cr and at clusters of vacancies (about 13–10 vacancies). The intensity of the first component decreases with increasing annealing temperatures from 210 to 850 °C, thereby implying a partial annihilation of dislocations due to microstructure recovery. The variation of the second component depends on the variation of vacancy cluster size (from about 13 and 10 to about 4 vacancies) resulting from different annealing temperatures. Additionally, Vickers microhardness measurements show that the alloy is substantially hardened after processing by HPT for N = 20 turns. After annealing for 1 h at 210, 550 and 850 °C, the HPT-processed alloy after 5 turns demonstrated a gradual softening by microstructural recovery. Annealing-induced hardening is observed after HPT for 20 turns followed by heating up to 550 °C while softening is observed after annealing at 850 °C.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Prior Cyclic Oxidation on Tensile Deformation Behaviour of IN 713 C Alloy","authors":"R. K. Rai, Sharat Chandra, N. Paulose","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01755-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01755-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tensile test specimens fabricated out of IN 713 C alloy were subjected to cyclic oxidation at 850 ^oC in the air for 500 h, and their tensile properties were evaluated at 650 and 750 °C. Cyclic oxidation exposure has been noted to induce degradation in the alloy’s tensile properties, resulting in decreased strength and ductility. The deterioration in the alloy’s tensile behavior is linked to both surface damage and microstructural degradation caused by cyclic oxidation. Additionally, coarsening of γ′-precipitates during tensile testing contributes to the observed effects.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification on Surface Hardening Mechanism and Wear Behavior of Additively Manufactured High-Manganese Steel","authors":"Han-Byeol Park, Hyeong-Jin Ha, Jong-Rae Cho, Do-Sik Shim","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01759-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01759-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, high-manganese steel (HMS) fabricated by employing additive manufacturing processes is examined. Samples are classified into three types (13 Mn, 18.5 Mn, and 24 Mn) based on their manganese content. The changes in characteristics resulting from the ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) treatment applied to as-built HMS are evaluated. The microstructures are refined with an increasing manganese content in as-built HMS; as a result, hardness decreases. The UNSM treatment enhanced the surface characteristics of the material, reducing weight loss and improving wear resistance, particularly for alloys with a low manganese content. Specifically, the UNSM-treated (UNSMed) 13Mn sample exhibits the highest wear resistance, owing to its high surface hardness, which effectively limits wear damage within the severe plastic deformation (SPD) layer. In contrast, UNSMed 18.5Mn and 24Mn samples, which have lower hardness, experience more severe wear damage that extended beyond the SPD layer. Transformation-induced plasticity and twinning-induced plasticity effects are also observed in all wear test samples, along with increased dislocation density near the surface. This suggests that all types of HMS exhibit significant wear resistance, and work-hardening mechanisms effectively inhibit wear damage, even when wear extends beyond the SPD layer.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Joint Strength of TC4/AZ91D Bimetal in Solid-liquid Compound Casting Process Using Cu-Ni Composite Interlayer","authors":"Fulin Wen, Dengzhi Zheng, Jianhui Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01748-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01748-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present study, the liquid-solid compound casting process has been developed for fabricating AZ91D/TC4 bimetal by adapting a Ni/Cu or Cu/Ni composite intermediate. The effects of interlayer sequence (Ni/Cu and Cu/Ni) on interface microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were investigated in detail. In particular, in order to promote inter-diffusion of Cu and Ti elements at the Cu/Ti interface or Ni and Ti elements at the Ni/Ti interface, the vacuum heat-treat method was adapted before the liquid-solid compound casting process. The results showed that both the Ni/Cu and Cu/Ni composite interlayer realized metallurgical bonding between TC4 and AZ91D. The interface reaction layers of the TC4/AZ91D bimetal using Cu/Ni composite interlayer were composed of Mg₂(Ni, Cu), Ni₂Mg₃Al, Cu(Ni) solid solution and Mg-Ni eutectic structure. However, the interface reaction layers of TC4/AZ91D bimetal using the Ni/Cu composite interlayer were mainly composed of Mg₂(Ni, Cu), (Al₃Ni + Ni₂Mg₃Al) and Ni-Ti phases. Nano-indentation tests show that Ni-Ti intermetallic compounds has the highest nano-hardness at interface region, which leading to a poor shear strength at interface. When using Cu/Ni composite interlayer, the TC4/AZ91D bimetal had the highest shear strength of 97 MPa.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure Evolution and Strengthening Mechanism of Regenerated Brass Alloy under Fe-Mn Control during Cold Drawing","authors":"Xiang Li, Baozhong Ma, Chengyan Wang, Yongqiang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01754-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01754-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fe from raw materials and processing are inevitably introduced in the direct regeneration process of brass alloys from scrap copper, which may significantly affect the cold working performance of regenerated brass. Developing regenerated brass alloys that can be used for cold drawing under large deformation amounts remains a challenge. In this paper, the regenerated brass alloy wire was prepared by the method of Fe-Mn in-situ control casting and hot extrusion. The plasticity of regenerated brass was significantly improved during cold drawing after Fe-Mn microalloying control. The direct single pass ultimate cold working rate can reach 42% and the yield strength, tensile strength, total elongation, and hardness were 635 MPa, 649 MPa, 3.5%, and 181.2HV, respectively. Cold drawing wires showed good torsional resistance. The evolution of microstructure and properties of regenerated brass during cold drawing was studied, and the strengthening mechanism was determined. Work hardening induced by dislocation strengthening is the dominant strengthening mechanism. In the cold drawing process, the <i>α</i> phase of the FCC structure and the <i>β</i> phase of the BCC structure form a good coordination between soft and hard domains. The accumulation of dislocation introduced in the cold drawing process, the synergistic effect of the sliding mechanism, and the nanotwin deformation mechanism ensure the ideal cold drawing performance of the regenerated brass.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of Thin-walled Hastelloy C-276 Manufactured Through Pulsed-Arc Additive Manufacturing Technique","authors":"M. D. Barath Kumar, A. Abdul Bhasith, G. S. Vishaal Kumar, Y. Ridhushan, N. Arivazhagan, N. Babu, K. Sathish Kumar, M. Manikandan","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01750-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01750-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal additive manufacturing is a significant and advancing manufacturing process on a worldwide scale. Wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a progressed and efficient technique for producing large-scale near net shaped products by adding layers of material. This study presents pulsed current WAAM of a Hastelloy C-276 thin-wall component. The thin wall’s metallurgical and mechanical properties were extensively investigated. This included examining samples from different travel and build orientations. The microstructures in different areas include of columnar, cellular, and equiaxed dendrites. The temperature distribution and rate of cooling may impact the structure of the layers. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) investigation showed a high Ni content and low Mo and W in the dendritic core region (DCR). SEM and EDS examines on several areas showed no cracking in the thin wall’s travel and build orientations. In addition, the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) investigation showed that the average grain size was 66.38 μm in the (x-y) plane and 113.18 μm in the (y-z) plane. Reheating and solidification during layer-by-layer deposition altered grain characteristics. The hardness measurements exhibited variability across several locations. The existence of a well-defined directed dendritic microstructure, coupled with the presence of precipitates, provides corroborating evidence. The material has a maximum average ultimate tensile strength of 786 ± 6.1 MPa and elongation of 65.3 ± 3%. The fracture features are primarily ductile with periodic transgranular and intergranular behaviour. The pulsed current arc-based WAAM process offers a new and innovative method of depositing Hastelloy C-276. This method is applicable in chemical, nuclear, marine, and industrial sectors.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"1405 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Deformation Mechanism Transformation and Constitutive Equation Modification of ZEK610 Alloy","authors":"Chenkun Xu,&nbsp;Le Zhou,&nbsp;Zhi Wang,&nbsp;Feng Wang,&nbsp;Weihan Zhang,&nbsp;Ziqi Wei,&nbsp;Pingli Mao","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01741-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01741-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hot extrusion shear technique was employed to fabricate the Mg-6Zn-1Ce-0.6Zr (ZEK610) alloy, primarily composed of α-Mg matrix, Mg₇Zn₃ phase, and (Mg_1 − xZn_x) ₁₁Ce phase. Dynamic compression experiments at various strain rates were conducted on the alloy. The alloy exhibits a typical positive strain strengthening effect, with the yield strength and peak stress reaching 243Mp and 622Mp at 2500s^− 1 strain rate. The dominant deformation mechanism of the alloy transforms from {10<span>(stackrel{-}{1})</span>2} tensile twining to prismatic slip as the strain rate increases. This phenomenon is attributed to the increased sensitivity of both the absorbed energy density and the adiabatic temperature to strain rate increments. After modifying the Johnson-Cook constitutive model, it was possible to more accurately predict the dynamic compression properties of the alloy at room temperature, as the curves derived from the modified equations closely matched the experimental curves.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 1","pages":"153 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Situ Observation Combined with Numerical Simulation of the Solidification and Subsequent Cooling Process for Hot Stamping Steel","authors":"Jingzhou Lu,&nbsp;Jiaxi Chen,&nbsp;Weiming Pan,&nbsp;Wanlin Wang,&nbsp;Kun Dou","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01739-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01739-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the solidification and subsequent cooling processes of hot stamping steel during thin slab casting have been investigated using high-temperature confocal in-situ observation experiments and finite element numerical simulations based on the calculation results of phase evolution diagrams. The numerical simulation results reveal that different regions of the cast slab exhibited varying solidification times/cooling rates, with the longest solidification time occurring at the center of the slab, approximately 77.5 s, and the shortest at the corners, around 2.1 s. Considering these findings, in-situ observation experiments have been conducted under cooling rates of 10, 50, 150, and 1000 °C/min, revealing that both solidification and solid-state transformation events are delayed with increasing cooling rates. Notably, under higher cooling rates, the peritectic reaction process exhibit blocky transformation. Based on the findings, this study establishes relationships between the ferrite growth rate/secondary dendrite arm spacing and cooling rate for hot stamping steel. Additionally, potential optimization strategies for continuous casting and secondary cooling process parameters are suggested to enhance the sophistication of thin slab production processes. These optimization methodologies are informed by guiding experiments conducted in conjunction with numerical simulations, ultimately facilitating the optimization of practical production practices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 1","pages":"100 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steels: A Review of Process, Microstructure and Properties","authors":"A. Mansoura,&nbsp;N. Omidi,&nbsp;N. Barka,&nbsp;Sasan Sattarpanah Karganroudi,&nbsp;S. Dehghan","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01760-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01760-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 9","pages":"2372 - 2372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}