Metals and Materials International最新文献

{"title":"Linear Friction Welding of Similar and Dissimilar Materials: A Review","authors":"Namrata Gangil, Aakash Mishra, Nadeem Fayaz Lone, Dhruv Bajaj, Daolun Chen, Julfikar Haider, Xizhang Chen, Sergey Konovalov, Arshad Noor Siddiquee","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01738-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01738-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Linear friction welding (LFW) has distinction of being a unique process which can join components in a variety of materials, shape and size configurations in an extremely low cycle time. The conventional arc welding, friction stir welding and rotary friction welding are also very popular and a lot of work has been reported on materials joined by these processes. The ability to join huge and small size parts, in a variety of similar and dissimilar materials, shapes and sizes make LFW un-paralleled. Such joint configurations are very common in transportation sectors including aerospace and railways. Very little work is reported on the LFW process in comparison to aforementioned popular welding processes. An attempt is made in this article to present the state of the art on LFW of various materials in similar and dissimilar combinations. Materials in promising applications such as space, aircraft, aerospace and railways are the main focusses. This work is expected to act as a single window to showcase all aspects of LFW on ferrous and non-ferrous materials in similar and dissimilar combinations. The manuscript begins with an overview on the principle of operation and classification, and subsequently extends the topic to detailed discussion on the joint characteristics, microstructure, material combination and application domain. The literature on LFW was studied and classified based on similar and dissimilar materials, effects of parameters on properties and microstructure responses, evolution of heat and stress conditions, and applications. The article presents, at the end, a meticulously carved out concluding summary which is expected to provide future directions and also an easy to figure out coverage on the discussion.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and Friction Properties of TiB2@Ti/CoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloy Matrix Composite","authors":"Bo Ren, Xiao-Fan Zhang, Rui-Feng Zhao, Hong-Song Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01742-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01742-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>TiB₂@Ti/CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy matrix composite (HEAMC) powders and bulk materials were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The microstructure of the powders was characterized, and the microstructure, hardness, and friction properties of the bulk materials were investigated. Results showed that after low-energy ball milling for 8 h, the composite powder presented an ellipsoidal or granular shape with an average particle size of approximately 80 µm. The phase structure was mainly composed of FCC, Ti, and TiB₂ phases. The phase structure of the sintered composite was mainly composed of FCC and a small amount of TiB₂ phases. The microhardness of the composite was 362 HV, which was approximately 188 HV higher than that of the matrix alloy. The average friction coefficient was approximately 0.6664, which was 0.087 lower than that of the matrix alloy. The improvement in the hardness and friction performance of the composite was mainly attributed to the strengthening of grain boundary caused by the enrichment of TiB₂ particles and Cr₂O₃ along the grain boundary and the solid solution strengthening of Ti. The wear types were mainly abrasive and oxidative wear for the composite and CoCrFeNi matrix alloy.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Model for Predicting Precipitation Evolution in Two-Phase Steel: First Application to Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel","authors":"Vanessa Quaranta, Lucas Traina, Mikhail Ryazanov, Denis Saraev","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01751-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01751-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Production of grain-oriented (GO) electrical steel represents a very complex technological process route with the fine dispersion of precipitates representing a key requirement to maximize final magnetic properties. This paper describes a novel computational model able to predict the kinetics of second-phase particles in dual phase steels by considering <i>co</i>precipitation in ferrite and austenite. The model is applied to a typical industrial GO electrical steel subjected to production steps ranging from continuous casting to coiling after hot rolling. To facilitate interpretation of final results, these production steps are represented by a simplified thermo-mechanical profile although the model can process arbitrary profiles with different complexities. It is demonstrated that the methodology proposed in this work provides a comprehensive thermo-kinetics description of secondary phases with aluminium nitride (AlN) being the main precipitate. A bimodal distribution of AlN is predicted at the end of the cycle with two populations, one at nano-meter scale (&lt; 200 nm) and one at micro-meter (&gt; 200 nm) scale. Final distribution of AlN is also compared with experimental observations. For both populations, the main characteristic quantity (i.e. mean diameter) computed by the model is in agreement with measurements. This makes the developed technique a powerful tool for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of second-phase particles evolution in dual phase steels.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-4.5% Si Thin-Gauge Non-Oriented Electrical Steel","authors":"Siqi Li, Guoqing Zu, Xianxun Jiang, Yukuan Lu, Yuan Liang, Hui Wu, Ying Han, Weiwei Zhu, Yu Zhao, Xu Ran","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01758-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01758-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, Fe-4.5% Si thin-gauge non-oriented electrical steel with a thickness of 0.20 mm and 0.15 mm were prepared by an innovative and convenient twin-roll strip casting process. The evolution of microstructure and texture of the cast strip under different rolling deformation with/without annealing treatment was studied. The microstructure and texture of the material were characterized by optical microscope, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that the shear band of the annealed cast strip was not obvious after rolling deformation, while a common cold rolling texture (γ-fiber texture) was formed. The as-cast strip with/without annealing treatment showed {411} &lt;148 &gt; texture after warm rolling and final annealing. The latter formed a stronger {411} &lt;148 &gt; texture and directional nucleation was the main mechanism for the formation of recrystallized texture. Regarding the magnetic properties, the annealing treatment of the cast strip did not improve the magnetic induction of the thin-gauge strip but increased the core loss. The 0.20 mm thin-gauge non-oriented electrical steel prepared by the cast strip without annealing treatment exhibited the best magnetic properties with B₅₀ = 1.674T, P_15/50=2.10 W/kg, P_10/400=12.28 W/kg, P_10/1K=12.56 W/kg. Although the magnetic induction of 0.15 mm thin-gauge non-oriented electrical steel reduced relatively, a lower core loss was obtained.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect Microstructure Evolution in an Immiscible Composite Cu43%Cr Alloy After High-Pressure Torsion and Annealing Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy","authors":"I. Bibimoune, E. Hirschmann, M. O. Liedke, A. Wagner, M. Kawasaki, T. Baudin, I. Mkinsi, K. Abib, Y. Huang, T. G. Langdon, D. Bradai","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01745-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01745-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microstructure of a Cu43%Cr alloy after high-pressure torsion (HPT) processing and annealing for 1 h was analyzed using Doppler broadening – variable energy PAS (DB-VEPAS) and conventional positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (cPALS). DB-VEPAS analysis of the near-surface defects reveals the existence of a nanosized oxide layer whose thickness increases from 43 to 103 nm with temperature (210–850 °C) while the diffusion length is unaffected around 20 nm. cPALS analysis revealed two lifetime components of the bulk defects, namely the components related to either vacancies or dislocations, for the as-received material with annealing at 925 °C. After HPT processing, the alloy showed two components which correspond to positrons trapped and annihilated at dislocations (lifetime ̴ 160 ps) in Cu and Cr and at clusters of vacancies (about 13–10 vacancies). The intensity of the first component decreases with increasing annealing temperatures from 210 to 850 °C, thereby implying a partial annihilation of dislocations due to microstructure recovery. The variation of the second component depends on the variation of vacancy cluster size (from about 13 and 10 to about 4 vacancies) resulting from different annealing temperatures. Additionally, Vickers microhardness measurements show that the alloy is substantially hardened after processing by HPT for N = 20 turns. After annealing for 1 h at 210, 550 and 850 °C, the HPT-processed alloy after 5 turns demonstrated a gradual softening by microstructural recovery. Annealing-induced hardening is observed after HPT for 20 turns followed by heating up to 550 °C while softening is observed after annealing at 850 °C.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Prior Cyclic Oxidation on Tensile Deformation Behaviour of IN 713 C Alloy","authors":"R. K. Rai, Sharat Chandra, N. Paulose","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01755-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01755-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tensile test specimens fabricated out of IN 713 C alloy were subjected to cyclic oxidation at 850 ^oC in the air for 500 h, and their tensile properties were evaluated at 650 and 750 °C. Cyclic oxidation exposure has been noted to induce degradation in the alloy’s tensile properties, resulting in decreased strength and ductility. The deterioration in the alloy’s tensile behavior is linked to both surface damage and microstructural degradation caused by cyclic oxidation. Additionally, coarsening of γ′-precipitates during tensile testing contributes to the observed effects.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification on Surface Hardening Mechanism and Wear Behavior of Additively Manufactured High-Manganese Steel","authors":"Han-Byeol Park, Hyeong-Jin Ha, Jong-Rae Cho, Do-Sik Shim","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01759-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01759-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, high-manganese steel (HMS) fabricated by employing additive manufacturing processes is examined. Samples are classified into three types (13 Mn, 18.5 Mn, and 24 Mn) based on their manganese content. The changes in characteristics resulting from the ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) treatment applied to as-built HMS are evaluated. The microstructures are refined with an increasing manganese content in as-built HMS; as a result, hardness decreases. The UNSM treatment enhanced the surface characteristics of the material, reducing weight loss and improving wear resistance, particularly for alloys with a low manganese content. Specifically, the UNSM-treated (UNSMed) 13Mn sample exhibits the highest wear resistance, owing to its high surface hardness, which effectively limits wear damage within the severe plastic deformation (SPD) layer. In contrast, UNSMed 18.5Mn and 24Mn samples, which have lower hardness, experience more severe wear damage that extended beyond the SPD layer. Transformation-induced plasticity and twinning-induced plasticity effects are also observed in all wear test samples, along with increased dislocation density near the surface. This suggests that all types of HMS exhibit significant wear resistance, and work-hardening mechanisms effectively inhibit wear damage, even when wear extends beyond the SPD layer.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Joint Strength of TC4/AZ91D Bimetal in Solid-liquid Compound Casting Process Using Cu-Ni Composite Interlayer","authors":"Fulin Wen, Dengzhi Zheng, Jianhui Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01748-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01748-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present study, the liquid-solid compound casting process has been developed for fabricating AZ91D/TC4 bimetal by adapting a Ni/Cu or Cu/Ni composite intermediate. The effects of interlayer sequence (Ni/Cu and Cu/Ni) on interface microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were investigated in detail. In particular, in order to promote inter-diffusion of Cu and Ti elements at the Cu/Ti interface or Ni and Ti elements at the Ni/Ti interface, the vacuum heat-treat method was adapted before the liquid-solid compound casting process. The results showed that both the Ni/Cu and Cu/Ni composite interlayer realized metallurgical bonding between TC4 and AZ91D. The interface reaction layers of the TC4/AZ91D bimetal using Cu/Ni composite interlayer were composed of Mg₂(Ni, Cu), Ni₂Mg₃Al, Cu(Ni) solid solution and Mg-Ni eutectic structure. However, the interface reaction layers of TC4/AZ91D bimetal using the Ni/Cu composite interlayer were mainly composed of Mg₂(Ni, Cu), (Al₃Ni + Ni₂Mg₃Al) and Ni-Ti phases. Nano-indentation tests show that Ni-Ti intermetallic compounds has the highest nano-hardness at interface region, which leading to a poor shear strength at interface. When using Cu/Ni composite interlayer, the TC4/AZ91D bimetal had the highest shear strength of 97 MPa.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure Evolution and Strengthening Mechanism of Regenerated Brass Alloy under Fe-Mn Control during Cold Drawing","authors":"Xiang Li, Baozhong Ma, Chengyan Wang, Yongqiang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01754-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01754-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fe from raw materials and processing are inevitably introduced in the direct regeneration process of brass alloys from scrap copper, which may significantly affect the cold working performance of regenerated brass. Developing regenerated brass alloys that can be used for cold drawing under large deformation amounts remains a challenge. In this paper, the regenerated brass alloy wire was prepared by the method of Fe-Mn in-situ control casting and hot extrusion. The plasticity of regenerated brass was significantly improved during cold drawing after Fe-Mn microalloying control. The direct single pass ultimate cold working rate can reach 42% and the yield strength, tensile strength, total elongation, and hardness were 635 MPa, 649 MPa, 3.5%, and 181.2HV, respectively. Cold drawing wires showed good torsional resistance. The evolution of microstructure and properties of regenerated brass during cold drawing was studied, and the strengthening mechanism was determined. Work hardening induced by dislocation strengthening is the dominant strengthening mechanism. In the cold drawing process, the <i>α</i> phase of the FCC structure and the <i>β</i> phase of the BCC structure form a good coordination between soft and hard domains. The accumulation of dislocation introduced in the cold drawing process, the synergistic effect of the sliding mechanism, and the nanotwin deformation mechanism ensure the ideal cold drawing performance of the regenerated brass.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of Thin-walled Hastelloy C-276 Manufactured Through Pulsed-Arc Additive Manufacturing Technique","authors":"M. D. Barath Kumar, A. Abdul Bhasith, G. S. Vishaal Kumar, Y. Ridhushan, N. Arivazhagan, N. Babu, K. Sathish Kumar, M. Manikandan","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01750-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01750-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal additive manufacturing is a significant and advancing manufacturing process on a worldwide scale. Wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a progressed and efficient technique for producing large-scale near net shaped products by adding layers of material. This study presents pulsed current WAAM of a Hastelloy C-276 thin-wall component. The thin wall’s metallurgical and mechanical properties were extensively investigated. This included examining samples from different travel and build orientations. The microstructures in different areas include of columnar, cellular, and equiaxed dendrites. The temperature distribution and rate of cooling may impact the structure of the layers. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) investigation showed a high Ni content and low Mo and W in the dendritic core region (DCR). SEM and EDS examines on several areas showed no cracking in the thin wall’s travel and build orientations. In addition, the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) investigation showed that the average grain size was 66.38 μm in the (x-y) plane and 113.18 μm in the (y-z) plane. Reheating and solidification during layer-by-layer deposition altered grain characteristics. The hardness measurements exhibited variability across several locations. The existence of a well-defined directed dendritic microstructure, coupled with the presence of precipitates, provides corroborating evidence. The material has a maximum average ultimate tensile strength of 786 ± 6.1 MPa and elongation of 65.3 ± 3%. The fracture features are primarily ductile with periodic transgranular and intergranular behaviour. The pulsed current arc-based WAAM process offers a new and innovative method of depositing Hastelloy C-276. This method is applicable in chemical, nuclear, marine, and industrial sectors.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"1405 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}