Metals and Materials International最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Direct Aging on the Mechanical Properties of Heterostructured A20X Alloy Manufactured by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion","authors":"Gyumi Han,&nbsp;Young Hoon Jung,&nbsp;Minjae Baek,&nbsp;Yonghee Jo,&nbsp;Jeong Min Park,&nbsp;Dong Jun Lee,&nbsp;Hyoung Seop Kim,&nbsp;Jung Gi Kim","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-02028-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-02028-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Direct aging (DA), a post-heat treatment process that omits the solution treatment step, was applied to study its effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an A20X aluminum alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The chemical heterogeneity in the as-built (AB) microstructure, characterized by Ti- and Cu-enriched cell boundaries, facilitates the rapid formation of nanosized precipitates during DA. Precipitation initiated at the cell boundaries and progressed into the matrix, with the size and density of Ω and θ′ phases increasing with aging time. DA slightly enhanced tensile strength compared to the AB condition; however, excessive aging time led to strength reduction owing to excessive precipitate coarsening along the cell boundaries. Additionally, aging mitigated dynamic strain aging, as evidenced by the reduced frequency of serrated flows that results in the ductility recovery in the full-aged sample. These findings emphasize the critical role of DA in tailoring the mechanical properties of LPBF A20X alloys, offering a simplified pathway for optimizing high-strength aluminum additive manufacturing components.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 11","pages":"3280 - 3290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hot Compression Deformation, Constitutive Model, and Microstructure Evolution of Austenitic-TWIP/Martensitic-HFS Composite Steel","authors":"Mingrong Fan,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhou,&nbsp;Wu Peng,&nbsp;Lingyi Kong,&nbsp;Yingying Feng,&nbsp;Zongan Luo","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-01934-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-01934-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the challenges of low predictive accuracy, data sensitivity, and model complexity inherent in the Arrhenius phenomenological model for predicting the flow stress of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) and hot-formed steel (HFS) composites, a Bayesian-optimized XGBoost (BO-XGBoost) model was developed and rigorously validated through comparative analysis. The results demonstrate that the predictive performance of the BO-XGBoost model was significantly improved compared to the Arrhenius model. Specifically, the root mean square error decreased from 16.3160 to 1.0554, corresponding to an accuracy improvement of approximately 93.5%. Using the predicted flow stress values from the BO-XGBoost model, hot processing maps for the tested steel were constructed, and the microstructures under various deformation conditions were characterized in detail. The results indicate that, at high temperatures or low strain rates, the flow curves primarily exhibit recrystallization behavior. In contrast, at higher strain rates or lower temperatures, the flow curves display characteristics of work hardening. Specifically, multiple peak flow curves were observed at a strain rate of 0.1 s⁻¹ and deformation temperatures ≤ 1050 °C. The changes in the flow curves are attributed to the competition between work hardening, controlled by dislocation accumulation and interaction, and softening, governed by dynamic recovery and recrystallization. Furthermore, the hot processing maps reveal that the tested steel demonstrates optimal machinability within the deformation temperature range of 1075–1150 °C and strain rate range of 0.05–0.5 s⁻¹. This finding provides valuable insights for optimizing processing conditions and enhancing the material performance of TWIP and HFS composites in manufacturing and industrial applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 11","pages":"3424 - 3439"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Deposition Parameters on the Building rate, In-Situ Formation of Austenite and Tensile Properties of SAF 2507 SDSS Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition","authors":"Pavel Salvetr,&nbsp;Josef Hodek,&nbsp;Matouš Uhlík,&nbsp;Pavel Novák,&nbsp;Jaromír Dlouhý,&nbsp;Michal Brázda","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-01953-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-01953-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Industry applications of duplex stainless steels require a two-phase microstructure with a nearly balanced austenite-ferrite content to achieve good mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. The most widespread additive manufacturing method such as laser powder bed fusion provides nearly fully ferritic microstructures due to the very high cooling rate, and the post-processing heat treatment must be performed. In contrast, other additive manufacturing methods, such as directed deposition methods, reach lower cooling rates and enable to obtain an equal ferrite–austenite ratio directly in the microstructure of the as-built state. In this work, the super duplex stainless steel SAF 2507 was deposited by directed energy deposition. The process parameters, namely, the laser power, laser beam spot, and powder feed rate, were varied to investigate the impact of the energy area density on the microstructure and tensile properties. A decrease in the energy area density caused an increase in the austenite content of 48 vol% and a numerical simulation of the sample temperature distribution inside the block during deposition, explaining the relationship between the amount of in situ formed austenite and the deposition parameters, was provided. Simultaneously, the deposition rate increased by more than five times. In contrast, the samples deposited at a higher building rate are characterized by greater porosity and lower elongation values in the vertical direction. The effect of the deposition parameters on the yield strength is low.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 11","pages":"3172 - 3189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12540-025-01953-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Modeling and Microstructural Insights into the Hot Deformation Behavior of Fe–11Al–5Mn–1Nb–1C Low-Density Steel","authors":"Bashista Kumar Mahanta,&nbsp;Pankaj Rawat,&nbsp;Sumit Bhan,&nbsp;Swagata Roy","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-01950-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-01950-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hot deformation behavior of Fe–11Al–5Mn–1Nb–1C low-density steel was investigated using a GLEEBLE 3800R thermomechanical simulator across a temperature range of 900–1200 ℃ and strain rates of 1–0.001 s⁻¹. An Arrhenius-type constitutive model was developed to predict flow stress during deformation, alongside a bilayer evolutionary neural network (EvoNN) model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) approach. The EvoNN model demonstrated higher prediction accuracy than the constitutive model. Microstructural analysis revealed a ferritic matrix with kappa carbide as a secondary phase at 900 and 1000 ℃, while at 1100 and 1200 ℃, a dual-phase structure (ferrite + austenite) with fine kappa carbides at the phase interface was observed. NbC particles were consistently present in all hot compressed samples. Partial dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred at 900 and 1000 ℃, whereas more extensive DRX was observed at 1100 and 1200 ℃. Grain coarsening was evident at lower strain rates, increasing as the strain rate decreased. Fine NbC particles and kappa carbides pinned grain boundaries, potentially delaying DRX onset, while coarse NbC particles appeared to enhance particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN), introducing complexity to DRX dynamics and contributing to model discrepancies in the constitutive and EvoNN model.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 11","pages":"3260 - 3279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sc Additions on Annealing Behavior of Heavily Cold-Rolled Al-Cu-Mn Alloys","authors":"Xiaoyu Huang,&nbsp;Tianlin Huang,&nbsp;Yueyue Zhu,&nbsp;Guilin Wu,&nbsp;Yongzhong Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Huang,&nbsp;Oleg V. Mishin","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-01949-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-01949-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effects of minor additions of Sc on the microstructure evolution during long-term heat treatments at 200–300 °C have been studied for heavily rolled Al-Cu-Mn alloys, where Sc content varies in the range 0‒0.2 wt%. It is found that cold rolling to 90% thickness reduction results in deformation structures with boundary spacing of 58–68 nm measured along the normal direction. This cold-rolled sample is characterized by high hardness (145‒147 HV). Precipitation of θ′ particles along deformation-induced boundaries and coarsening of deformation structures via triple junction motion and boundary migration take place during annealing for 100 h at 200 °C or 250 °C. The extent of structural coarsening is greater in the Sc-free alloy than in the Sc-containing alloys, where the presence of Sc enhances precipitation and stability of θ′ particles. The coarsening of deformation structures leads to reduced hardness in each alloy, with greater reductions seen for the Sc-free alloy. Interestingly, an increase in Sc content from 0.1 wt% to 0.2 wt% does not lead to greater improvement in thermal stability of deformation structures. It is shown that the addition of 0.2 wt% Sc stimulates precipitation of Al₃Sc particles during homogenization. As these particles consume Sc, the amount of Sc available for enhanced precipitation and stability of θ′ particles does not increase despite the higher concentration of this element in the chemical composition. Therefore, the number density of θ′ particles in samples heat treated at 200–250 °C also does not increase with increasing Sc content from 0.1 wt% to 0.2 wt%. Annealing at 300 °C for 100 h leads to fully recrystallized microstructures in each alloy. During recrystallization, finer grains develop in the Sc-containing alloys compared with those in the recrystallized Sc-free alloy. The recrystallized Sc-containing alloys are harder (51‒55 HV) than the Sc-free alloy (47 HV).</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 11","pages":"3158 - 3171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12540-025-01949-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneously Reducing Porosity and Strengthening the Additively Manufactured 18Ni300 Steel Through Cyclic Electropulsing Treatment","authors":"Jingyu Wang,&nbsp;Shengwei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhijie Liu,&nbsp;Hao Chen,&nbsp;Dongni Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-01952-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-01952-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the effect of cyclic electropulsing treatment (EPT) on rapid pore healing and the enhancement of mechanical strength in 18Ni300 maraging steel fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. During EPT, high-density electric pulses with an electric current density of 103 A/mm² and a short duration of 500 ms are circularly applied to the LPBF 18Ni300 samples. In-situ computed tomography scan and mechanical testing demonstrate that EPT significantly increases the maximum tensile strength of LPBF 18Ni300 from 1200 to 1600 MPa after 10 cycle applications of EPT, while porosity decreases from an initial value of 0.087‰ to 0.023‰. Multi-physics simulation indicates that the width-to-length (WL) ratio of pores dramatically influences healing efficiency by modulating the distribution of electric current flow. Pores with a smaller WL ratio exhibit more pronounced electric current concentration at the pore edge, resulting in an inhomogeneous distribution of electric current density. This inhomogeneity initiates the development of a temperature gradient and causes the formation of significant thermal stress and plastic deformation, which facilitate the closure process for pores with a smaller WL ratio. Microstructural analysis reveal that the enhancement of tensile strength after a single EPT is attributed to increased dislocation density (dislocation-induced strengthening), while the strengthening observed after 10 EPT cycles is primarily governed by the rapid formation of Ni₃ (Ti, Al) precipitates (precipitation hardening). These findings provide valuable insights into the application of EPT for rapid pore healing and mechanical properties enhancement in LPBF-fabricated precipitation hardening metallic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 11","pages":"3409 - 3423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12540-025-01952-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Direct Learning in Predicting Complex Flow Behavior of Metastable TiAl Intermetallics: Constitutive Analysis, Modelling and Numerical Implementation","authors":"Huashan Fan,&nbsp;Liang Cheng,&nbsp;Lingyan Sun,&nbsp;Zhihao Bai,&nbsp;Jiangtao Wang,&nbsp;Jinshan Li","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-01947-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-01947-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The deformation behavior of a TiAl alloy with a (β_o + γ) structure was studied in the temperature range of 1000 ~ 1150 °C and strain rates of 10⁰ ~ 10^–3 s⁻¹, which was characterized by intricate and irregular flow hardening/softening primarily due to the initial metastable microstructure and the onset of phase transition during deformation. As a consequence, the flow behavior was quite difficult to be modelled by the conventional constitutive relations even utilizing the highly flexible strain-compensated hyperbolic-sine law. Therefore, in this study we tried to develop an accurate constitutive model based on the multilayer feed-forward neural networks (FFNN). To this end, the FFNNs with various widths (nodes-per-layer) and depths (number of hidden layers) were constructed and evaluated. A dual-cycle training strategy was proposed to achieve the best performance for each FFNN, whereby an optimal architecture with four hidden layers and four nodes-per-layer was selected to balance the overfitting and underfitting. After systematic verification, it was demonstrated that the optimized FFNN showed superior predictivities in terms of excellent reproducibility of existing flow data, powerful interpolation and reasonable extrapolation, which notably outperformed those of the classical constitutive models. To further test the applicability of the FFNN-based model in numerical simulations, it was implemented into the finite-element (FE) code together with an efficient automatic differentiation programme. The reasonable prediction of the heterogeneous metal flow during the benchmark compression test manifested the feasibility of the multilayer FFNNs as advanced constitutive models, which were trained directly from the experimental flow data.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 11","pages":"3243 - 3259"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12540-025-01947-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dislocation Network and Microstructural Characterization of Directionally Solidified GTD-111 Nickel-Based Superalloy after Long-Term Service Exposure","authors":"Hassan Ghorbani,&nbsp;Hassan Farhangi,&nbsp;Mehdi Malekan,&nbsp;Zishu Sun,&nbsp;Xiangwei Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-01951-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-01951-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on investigating the effects of long-term service exposure on the microstructure and creep properties of directionally solidified GTD-111 Nickel base superalloy as a land-based gas turbine blade. After a duration of 76,000 h, the examination of the airfoil microstructure through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated significant changes. These changes included the coarsening of primary γ′ particles, the decomposition of MC carbides, the emergence of needle-like phases, and the formation of dislocation patterns. TEM observations verified that within the critical zone of the airfoil, there was a notable presence of extensive dislocation networks observed in both the γ channels and at the γ/γ′ interfaces. Furthermore, the examination of the creep-tested samples using TEM unveiled the existence of tightly-packed dislocations within the γ channels, accompanied by the occurrence of shearing dislocations in the γ′ phases. Upon analyzing the TEM observations, it has been concluded that the primary mechanism of creep occurring during the service exposure of the examined alloy is a composite process involving the movement of dislocations through gliding, climbing, and cross-slipping.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 11","pages":"3324 - 3334"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data–Driven Stress Prediction and Microstructure Characterization During Hot Deformation of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloys","authors":"Min Bai,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wu,&nbsp;Lingfei Cao,&nbsp;Songbai Tang,&nbsp;Youcai Qiu,&nbsp;Ying Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaomin Lin,&nbsp;Zhenghao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-01946-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-01946-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A data-driven model for stress prediction of hot-deformed Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys was developed. The model utilized 9397 datasets, encompassing 22 features including alloy composition, homogenization treatment parameters and hot deformation parameters. Machine learning methods, including Linear Regression, Random Forest Regression, Decision Tree (DT), Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, and Gaussian Process Regression, are used to develop models to predict flow stress. Through data preprocessing and feature selection, 19 key features were identified, and a data partition ratio of 8:2 for training-to-test sets was found to yield optimal model performance, with an adjusted coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.93329 and an outlier-bias-bias error ratio of 0.00851. The developed models were used to predict the flow stress of the Al–6.3Zn–2.5Mg–2.6 Cu–0.11Zr alloy upon hot compression with interpolation and extrapolation strategies. The results indicated that the RF and DT models demonstrated excellent stability and generalization capability in predicting the alloy’s flow behavior. Microstructure changes at various deformation temperatures and strain rates were characterized, and the correlation among flow stresses, deformation parameters and microstructure was analyzed, providing deeper insights into the hot deformation behavior of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys and potentially guiding the process optimization for industrial applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 11","pages":"3335 - 3355"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Principal Element Alloy Coatings: A Review of Deposition Techniques, Applications, and Future Prospects","authors":"S. O. Jeje,&nbsp;P. Mpofu,&nbsp;N. Malatji,&nbsp;L. R. Kanyane,&nbsp;M. B. Shongwe","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-01943-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-01943-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multi-principal element alloy (MPEA) coatings, including medium entropy alloys (MEAs) and high entropy alloys (HEAs), have emerged as transformative materials with the potential to address critical challenges in industrial applications. These coatings offer exceptional properties such as high-temperature oxidation resistance, wear resistance, corrosion protection, and thermal stability, making them ideal for demanding environments. This review primarily focuses on MEA coatings, providing a comprehensive analysis of their deposition techniques, applications, and future prospects. The review highlights the key advantages of MEA coatings over traditional single-element or binary alloy coatings, emphasizing their superior toughness, strength, and deformability. Various deposition methods, including laser-based techniques, thermal spraying, physical and chemical vapor deposition, and electrodeposition, are discussed in detail, with an evaluation of their benefits and limitations. Where specific studies on MEAs are unavailable, insights from HEA coatings are incorporated to provide complementary perspectives, leveraging the shared characteristics of these multi-principal element systems. Applications of MPEA coatings in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, energy, and oil and gas industries are explored, showcasing their ability to enhance performance, durability, and efficiency. Future research directions are identified, including the development of novel compositions, advancements in deposition technologies, and a deeper understanding of structure–property relationships. The review also emphasizes the need for scalable, cost-effective manufacturing processes to accelerate the adoption of MPEA coatings in various sectors. By presenting a focused yet inclusive perspective on MPEA coatings, this review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and industry stakeholders working toward the advancement and widespread utilization of these innovative materials.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 11","pages":"3113 - 3157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12540-025-01943-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}