Metals and Materials International最新文献

Kinetics of Silicon Carbide Dissolution in Molten Fe–C Alloys

IF 3.3 3区材料科学

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01856-w

Joon Beom Park, Moo Eob Choi, Hyeonwoo Park, Jiwoo Park, Joonho Lee

{"title":"Kinetics of Silicon Carbide Dissolution in Molten Fe–C Alloys","authors":"Joon Beom Park, Moo Eob Choi, Hyeonwoo Park, Jiwoo Park, Joonho Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01856-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01856-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dissolution rate of SiC in molten Fe–C alloys was investigated at 1673 ~ 1773 K, while the initial carbon concentration varied from approximately 2–3 wt%. The dissolution of SiC in molten Fe–C alloys occurred to reach the carbon-saturation composition. By assuming a first-order reaction, the dissolution rate constant was estimated to decrease from 8.17 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to 2.90 × 10<sup>−3</sup> cm/s, as the initial carbon content increased from 2 to 3 wt% at 1673 K. When the temperature increased from 1673 to 1773 K with the sample of the initial carbon content of about 2 wt%, the rate constant increased from 8.17 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to 18.41 × 10<sup>−3</sup> cm/s. The apparent activation energy was estimated at 199.5 kJ/mol. Based on the experimental results, an empirical equation was suggested for the estimation of the SiC dissolution rate constant: <span>(ln kleft( {cm/s} right) = 12.74 - 1.37 times left[ {wt% C} right]_{t = 0} - 2.40 times 10^{4} /Tleft( K right))</span>, which can be applied to the numerical simulation of the Si-pickup in the FINEX and the Hydrogen-enriched Blast Furnace operations.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 12","pages":"3537 - 3543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical Evaluation for Influence of Ca Treatment and Slag Composition on Compositional Changes in Non-metallic Inclusion Using Coupled Reaction Model for Ladle Treatment

IF 3.3 3区材料科学

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01833-3

Jeong-In Kim, Sun-Joong Kim

{"title":"Numerical Evaluation for Influence of Ca Treatment and Slag Composition on Compositional Changes in Non-metallic Inclusion Using Coupled Reaction Model for Ladle Treatment","authors":"Jeong-In Kim, Sun-Joong Kim","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01833-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01833-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nonmetallic inclusions significantly affect the final quality of steel production. Mg-Al spinel inclusions, which are known for their high deformability, are particularly detrimental. Thus, controlling these favorable liquidus inclusions, such as Ca-Al inclusions, is crucial. The evolution of Ca-Al inclusions is primarily driven by the [Ca] source in molten steel, which is supplied by slag or the addition of Ca to the molten steel. Inclusions exhibit three physical behaviors: flotation into the slag, entrapment from the slag, and agglomeration within each inclusion. A numerical model grounded in a coupled reaction model was established to investigate these inclusion behaviors, with a focus on the evolution of the Ca-Al system inclusions. These findings indicate that the [Ca] concentration in molten steel drives the evolution of Ca-Al inclusions, but the rate of evolution is limited by the mass transfer rate of the Ca source into the inclusion. Moreover, slag composition, particularly the higher basicity and slags enriched with Ca sources, such as CaF<sub>2</sub>, significantly influence the inclusion composition, reaching a composition closer to the liquid phase. Additionally, it was found that the physical behavior of inclusions, particularly entrapment from slag, plays a crucial role in controlling the inclusion composition. This study further discusses methods for controlling the liquidus composition of inclusions.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 12","pages":"3523 - 3536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Evaporation of Sb from Molten Fe–C–S Alloys for Sustainable Steelmaking Supported by Experiment and Mechanisms Analysis

IF 3.3 3区材料科学

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01817-3

Won-Bum Park, Chanumul Jung, Youn-Bae Kang

{"title":"Modeling Evaporation of Sb from Molten Fe–C–S Alloys for Sustainable Steelmaking Supported by Experiment and Mechanisms Analysis","authors":"Won-Bum Park, Chanumul Jung, Youn-Bae Kang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01817-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01817-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p> Sb is one of the tramp elements that remain in molten steel during the steelmaking process. It is generally known to be difficult to remove it from the molten steel. In order to develop a feasible process to remove Sb from molten steel, the evaporation reaction of Sb from molten steel was investigated by high-temperature liquid–gas experiments using an electromagnetic levitation melting technique and kinetic analysis. The evaporation rate of Sb was measured by varying the flow rate of incoming gas (<i>Q</i>), temperature (<i>T</i>), initial C content ([pct C]<span>(_0)</span>), and initial S content ([pct S]<span>(_0)</span>) in molten Fe–C–S–Sb alloys. It was found that the evaporation rate of Sb accelerated by S due to the formation of the sulfide gas species (SbS(g)) and by C due to increasing the activity coefficient of Sb (<span>(f_{textrm{Sb}})</span>) and S (<span>(f_{text {S}})</span>). On the other hand, the evaporation rate of Sb decelerated by S due to the blocking of the molten steel surface. Based on the established mechanism, a model of Sb evaporation from molten Fe–C–S–Sb alloy was developed in the present study, which considers (1) actual evaporating species, (2) surface blocking by S using ideal Langmuir adsorption, and (3) effect of C and temperature on <span>(f_{text {Sb}})</span> and <span>(f_{text {S}})</span>. With the established model, the extent of Cu, Sn, and Sb removal in the molten steel was assessed. It turned out that Cu has the fastest removal rate, followed by Sb, with Sn being the slowest for molten steel containing 0.1 pct C and 0.01 pct S at 1650 <span>(^circ )</span>C.</p>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 12","pages":"3497 - 3512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reaction Mechanism of MgAl2O4 Refractories in Contact with a Liquid Ferromanganese Metal

IF 3.3 3区材料科学

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01820-8

Jaewoo Myung, Jiwon Park, Kyung-Ho Kim, Hiroyuki Shibata, Yunki Byeun, Yongsug Chung

{"title":"Reaction Mechanism of MgAl2O4 Refractories in Contact with a Liquid Ferromanganese Metal","authors":"Jaewoo Myung, Jiwon Park, Kyung-Ho Kim, Hiroyuki Shibata, Yunki Byeun, Yongsug Chung","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01820-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01820-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A reaction mechanism is suggested for two types of MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> refractories; a MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and a MgO-rich MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, which were reacted with a liquid ferromanganese metal. The finger rotating test (FRT) technique was adopted and experiments were carried out at 1873 K. After the experiments, each refractory was analyzed by X-ray computed tomography, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. When the MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was in contact with the liquid ferromanganese metal, complex (Mg,Mn)(Mn,Al)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> layers were formed at the surface of the refractory. It acted as a passive layer since manganese ions did not penetrate into the bulk of the refractory with increasing reaction time. However, when the MgO-rich MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was in contact with liquid ferromanganese metal, manganese ions selectively penetrated through the MgO grains, which led to the formation of a (Mg<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1-x</sub>)O solid solution. The penetration depth increased both with increasing reaction time and rotating speed. The characteristics of the reaction layers were analyzed by XRD and EDX and, a possible mechanism to form these layers was suggested based on thermodynamic consideration.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><img></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 12","pages":"3513 - 3522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructural and Textural Evolution of a Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe Alloy Tube During Cold Pilger Rolling 冷皮尔格轧制过程中 Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe 合金管的微结构和纹理演变

IF 3.5 3区材料科学

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01799-2

Xufeng Wang, Jun Zhou, Yuanzhuo Liu, Linjiang Chai, Yue Liu, Haiqin Zhang, Haiming Liu, Bin Tang, Xiangyi Xue, Jinshan Li

{"title":"Microstructural and Textural Evolution of a Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe Alloy Tube During Cold Pilger Rolling","authors":"Xufeng Wang, Jun Zhou, Yuanzhuo Liu, Linjiang Chai, Yue Liu, Haiqin Zhang, Haiming Liu, Bin Tang, Xiangyi Xue, Jinshan Li","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01799-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01799-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a cold-pilgered Zr alloy tube with the composition of Zr-1.0 wt%Sn-1.0 wt%Nb-0.3 wt%Fe was investigated. During the cold pilgering, the tube developed distinct microstructural and textural features at different positions (with varying internal/external diameters and wall thicknesses) due to their specific stress states and deformation amount. Microstructural and textural evolution during cold pilgering were analyzed by characterizing specimens (S0-S4) cut from typical tube positions mainly using electron channeling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction techniques. Transmission electron microscopy was also utilized to reveal typical precipitates in the un-pilgered specimen (S0). Results indicate that at low/medium strains, there exist non-deformation grains with hard orientations in the pilgered tube specimens, leading to heterogeneous microstructures. With increasing strains, the tube specimens show continuously reduced grain sizes and increased kernel average misorientations along with higher fractions of low angle boundaries, resulting in enhanced microstructural homogeneity. During the pilgering, the texture of Zr-1.0Sn-1.0Nb-0.3Fe alloy tube gradually transforms from initial c//TD to c//RD, which changes back to the c//TD at high strains (>∼ 60%). In the meantime, the < 10–10>//AD component is initially weakened slightly but then significantly enhanced, while there is an opposite trend for that of the < 11–20>//AD component. According to the analysis of in-grain misorientation axes, the textural evolution during the pilgering results from the coordination of multiple slip systems and the pyramidal slip can be substantially activated at a high strain.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Annealing Treatment on the Heterogeneous Microstructure and Properties of Cold-Rolled FeCoCrNiMn High-Entropy Alloy 退火处理对冷轧铁钴铬镍锰高熵合金异质显微组织和性能的影响

IF 3.5 3区材料科学

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01795-6

Yong Hu, Tao Yang, Chunwang Pan, Lincheng Liu, Haitao Jiao

{"title":"Effect of Annealing Treatment on the Heterogeneous Microstructure and Properties of Cold-Rolled FeCoCrNiMn High-Entropy Alloy","authors":"Yong Hu, Tao Yang, Chunwang Pan, Lincheng Liu, Haitao Jiao","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01795-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01795-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cold rolling and annealing treatment were applied to the face-centered cubic FeCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloy (HEA). The study investigated the heterogeneous microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCoCrNiMn HEA under different annealing temperatures and rolling reduction amounts. The results show that, when annealed at 600 ℃ − 700 ℃, it is beneficial for obtaining a heterogeneous microstructure composed of fine grains, deformed grains and precipitated phases. Due to the multiple strengthening mechanisms caused by the heterogeneous microstructure, the FeCoCrNiMn HEA exhibits excellent tensile properties, achieving a better balance of strength and plasticity. With a primary rolling and annealing treatment at 650 ℃ for 1 h, the recrystallization volume fraction is 50%, and the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation are 730.66 MPa, 909.67 MPa and 23.60% respectively, indicating high strength and ductility. With the increase of the annealing temperature, the precipitation of Cr-rich σ phase becomes more evident, the maximum volume fraction of σ phase is 1.96%, and the yield strength is increase by 41.65 MPa due to precipitation strengthening. With the increase of the degree of recrystallization, a phenomenon of texture component weakening and texture randomization occurs, but the main rolling textures, such as P-type and B-type textures, are still retained.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fabrication of Cu Particles with Porous Surface and Enhanced Sinter-Bondability between Cu Finishes by Physically In Situ Formation of Cu Nanoparticles Using Them 利用物理原位形成铜纳米颗粒的方法制造多孔表面铜颗粒并增强铜涂层之间的烧结结合力

IF 3.5 3区材料科学

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01790-x

Byeong Jo Han, Jong-Hyun Lee

引用次数: 0

Correction: Research Status and Prospects of Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Joining Technology for Difficult-to-Weld High-Strength Alloys 更正：难焊高强度合金超声波振动辅助连接技术的研究现状与前景

IF 3.3 3区材料科学

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01802-w

Yue Zhang, JianBiao Peng, Ruitao Peng, JiaChuan Jiang, Bei Lei, ChangHui Liao, ChangYou Xu

引用次数: 0

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Cu-Mn Alloy Mechanically Alloyed with 5 wt% Zr After Multi-Directional Forging 多向锻造后机械合金化了 5 wt% Zr 的 Al-Cu-Mn 合金的显微组织和力学性能

IF 3.5 3区材料科学

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01800-y

A. S. Prosviryakov, A. I. Bazlov, M. S. Kishchik, A. V. Mikhaylovskaya

{"title":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Cu-Mn Alloy Mechanically Alloyed with 5 wt% Zr After Multi-Directional Forging","authors":"A. S. Prosviryakov, A. I. Bazlov, M. S. Kishchik, A. V. Mikhaylovskaya","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01800-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01800-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zr-containing aluminum-based alloys and especially Al-Zr composites have high thermal resistance due to the formation of Al<sub>3</sub>Zr dispersoids from supersaturated aluminum solid solution. The use of mechanical alloying can significantly increase the solubility of zirconium and improve the strength properties at elevated temperatures. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of multi-directional forging (MDF) on the microstructure and properties of Al-Cu-Mn alloy mechanically alloyed with 5 wt%Zr. Mechanical alloying was carried out by ball milling for 20 h at 300 rpm. The temperature of hot pressing and subsequent MDF operation was 400 °C. SEM, XRD and TEM were used to study the microstructure. In this work, it was shown that MDF leads to the formation of a poreless structure compared to hot pressing due to strain accumulation during hot deformation, as well as grain growth and microhardness reduction. At the same time, the highest compressive yield strength at 350 °C of 132 MPa was achieved after forging. The obtained material consisted of nanocrystalline aluminum matrix and secondary precipitates of Al<sub>3</sub>Zr with cubic (L1<sub>2</sub>) and tetragonal (D0<sub>23</sub>) lattices as well as Al<sub>20</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>3</sub> phase.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Strategy for Simultaneous Increasement in the Strength-Ductility Balance of Directly-Quenched Ultra-High Strength Low Alloy Steel 同时提高直接淬火超高强度低合金钢强度-延展性平衡的策略

IF 3.5 3区材料科学

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01794-7

Jung-Hyun Park, Min-Seok Baek, Young-Kyun Kim, Jin-Hee Ham, Kee-Ahn Lee

{"title":"A Strategy for Simultaneous Increasement in the Strength-Ductility Balance of Directly-Quenched Ultra-High Strength Low Alloy Steel","authors":"Jung-Hyun Park, Min-Seok Baek, Young-Kyun Kim, Jin-Hee Ham, Kee-Ahn Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01794-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01794-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated a strategy for simultaneous improving in the strength and ductility of the directly quenched ultra-high strength low alloy steel via low-temperature tempering. To stabilize the microstructure, sub-zero treatment was also employed at -73 °C for 30 min, and then tempering was performed for two types of temperature at 200 °C and 630 °C for 30 min. The microstructure of as-quenched steel consists of lath martensite and meta-stable retained austenite. After low temperature tempering (200 °C), some stable reverted austenite was formed at the austenite/martensite interface. When tempering was performed at high temperature (630 °C), the entire austenite remained as reverted austenite. In addition, Ti-rich carbides were observed at the martensite lath boundaries during tempering treatment. Tensile strength increased up to ∼ 1.8 GPa after low-temperature tempering, and ductility was also higher than that of as-quenched steel. In contrast, the steel which was tempered at 630 °C shows low mechanical properties compared to the as-quenched steel. Correlations between microstructure evolution (meta-stable to stable austenite transformation), mechanical properties and deformation behavior were also discussed and identified.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0