Metals and Materials International最新文献

{"title":"Formation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy by Hot Forging and Subsequent Radial Shear Rolling","authors":"Yury Gamin, Tatiana Kin, Sergei Galkin, Alexander Skugorev, Mukhamed Karashaev, Abdullah Mahmoud Alhaj Ali","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01791-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01791-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The improving of metallic biomaterials, such as Co-Cr-Mo alloys, is an important task for increasing the durability of orthopedic implants. In this study, the deformation method of the Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy including hot forging and subsequent radial shear rolling was tested for the first time. For the obtained bars, the analysis of the microstructure formation and mechanical properties was carried out. The proposed method of thermomechanical processing made possible to form a duplex structure (γ-FCC + ε-HCP) in the alloy, in contrast to the hot forging at which a single-phase structure (ε-HCP) was observed. The resulting structure provided higher strength characteristics at the bar surface such as YS ∼ 715 MPa, UTS ∼ 1164 MPa due to the higher content of the ε-phase, while in the central zone these indicators were YS ∼ 492 MPa and UTS ∼ 948 MPa. The main effect of hardening after forging was grain refinement and formation of a single-phase composition (ε-HCP). While in the context of radial shear rolling, there was a reduction in grain size and an increase in the volume fraction of the deformed structure. Moreover, the plasticity almost did not change over the cross-section of the bar due to combination of structural and phase composition obtained after radial shear rolling. The results can provide the basis for development of industrial technology to produce long deformed semi-finished products for medical application.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of Wire Electron Beam Additive Manufactured Eutectic Al–12Si Alloy","authors":"Sergei Tarasov, Ruslan Balokhonov, Veronika Utyaganova, Anna Zykova, Nikolai Savchenko, Andrey Vorontsov, Varvara Romanova, Nikolai Shamarin, Evgeny Knyazhev, Denis Gurianov, Evgeny Moskvichev","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01785-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01785-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wire electron beam additive manufacturing has been used to build a wall from Al–12Si wire on an AA5056 substrate. The microstructures composed of aluminum dendrites and Al/Si eutectics have been revealed along with heat-affected bands where silicon crystals coarsened by reheating from deposition of the next layer. Fine precipitates were detected in the aluminum grains subjected to reheating. Twinning of silicon particles was found by means of TEM, which was the result of the thermal expansion mismatch stresses that appeared in cooling to the room temperatures as shown by direct FEM numerical simulations. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield stress (YS) ranged from 178–185 MPa and 104–115 MPa, respectively, as compared to 84 and 142 MPa for the as-cast alloy. Minimal wear was obtained on samples cut from the middle part of the wall. Wire additive manufacturing allowed obtaining the Al–12Si structures with equiaxed eutectic Si crystals that allowed improving tensile and compression strengths as well as wear resistance as compared to those of the as-cast alloy.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study About the Forming Mechanism of Boron in Al-1B Alloy","authors":"Jie Liu, Yan Wang, Xiaoli Cui","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01768-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01768-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to study the forms of boron in Al-B alloys with lower boron content, and expand the application scope of Al-B alloys with lower boron content. Al-1B alloy was prepared by mechanical alloying and vacuum sintering, the formation and evolution mechanism of boron in Al melt were analyzed in detail. Owing to the high concentration gradient of boron at a certain point in the Al melt, AlB₁₂ is easily formed at first and then peritectic reaction between AlB₁₂ and Al happened forming AlB₁₂@AlB₂ composite structure.The AlB₁₂@AlB₂ composite structure is easily reserved and keeps stable in Al-1B alloy. During the boronization process, AlB₂ reacts with transition metal elements, and AlB₁₂ remains in the Al melt.The study is beneficial for improving the efficiency of boronization treatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"409 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Types of Glass Powders on the Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Peo Coatings Produced on 6061 Aluminum Alloy","authors":"Luca Pezzato, Lorena Kostelac, Lavinia Tonelli, Hamada Elsayed, Daniel Kajánek, Enrico Bernardo, Carla Martini, Manuele Dabalà, Katya Brunelli","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01786-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01786-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>6061 Aluminium alloy was treated with plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in an alkaline silicate-base electrolyte. Recycled glass particles from consumer goods waste were added to the electrolyte in order to investigate the impact of these particles on corrosion and wear resistance of the alloy. A comparison of glass particles from different sources (liquid crystal display (LCD) glass, borosilicate (BS) glass, and soda-lime (SL) glass) has been made. Also, the effect of different current modes, direct (D) and pulsed (P), on glass incorporation and the coatings morphology was studied. The microstructure and thickness of the produced coatings were studied through SEM–EDS analysis and XRD. The wear resistance was evaluated by dry sliding tests vs AISI 52100 bearing steel (block-on-ring contact geometry). The corrosion behavior was analyzed by potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and localized electrochemical characteristics were determined by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The results evidenced that the addition of glass improved the corrosion resistance of the samples due to the sealing effect on the typical pores of the PEO layer. In detail samples filled with glass particles show from EIS tests polarization resistances up to one order of magnitude higher than the untreated sample in the case of direct current mode and up to two order of magnitude higher in the case of pulsed current mode. The effect on wear resistance is instead strictly related to the type of glass as, if compared to the base PEO layer, it is improved only by selected additives with the more promising results obtained with the LCD glass in direct current mode that produce a decrease of the wear depth of around one order of magnitude in comparison with the sample PEO treated without glass addition. Globally the more promising type of glass particles, both in term of improvement of the wear and of the corrosion properties, seem to be the LCD glass particles. This fact was related to the particular chemical composition of this type of glass and in particular with the alkali-free composition of the glass.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Y in High-Strength Mg–Y–Cu–Ni Alloy System with Long-Period Stacking Ordered Phase","authors":"Meng Li, Jonghyun Kim, Zhaobin Zhang, Gao Yu, Bin Jiang, Taekyung Lee, Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01793-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01793-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study has systematically investigated the effect of Y content on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the Mg–Y–Cu–Ni alloy system. Four alloys, Mg_{(98<i>−x</i>)}Y_<i>x</i>Cu₁Ni₁ (<i>x</i> = 1, 2, 3, and 4 at.%), were fabricated and compared in various aspects for this purpose. Increasing Y content gave rise to an increasing fraction of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases, and gradually changed their morphology from massive islands to lamellae. The alloying addition also induced an effective grain refinement, while inhibiting the dynamic recrystallization. When the Y content exceeded 3 at.%, a unique phase formed due to a mechanical mixture of the LPSO phase, the peritectic reaction product of Cu, and the eutectic reaction product of Ni. The mechanical properties were explained in light of the LPSO dispersion parameter. The extruded Mg₉₅Y₃Cu₁Ni₁ alloy exhibited excellent mechanical properties combining a yield strength of 381 MPa, tensile strength of 458 MPa, and elongation-to-failure of 6.7%.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Welding Temperature on Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture Evolution in the Different Weld Zones of Underwater Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar CuZn40 and AA1100-O Alloys","authors":"Surendra Kumar Lader, Mayuri Baruah, Raj Ballav, Krishna Dutta, Pushpendra Kumar Dwivedi, Bhaskar Santu Mudliyar","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01779-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01779-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Underwater friction stir welding (UwFSW) of dissimilar brass (CuZn40) and aluminum (AA1100-O) joints have a more pronounced effect on the microstructure and crystallographic texture evolution than classical open-air friction stir welding (C-AFSW). In this research, the microstructure and texture evolution mechanism across the weld thickness and different FSW zones are studied. Cross-section of the weld joints developed by UwFSW and C-AFSW were investigated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). EBSD data of C-AFSW joints reveal that significant grain refinement occurs in the stirred zone (SZ) due to continuous dynamic recrystallization. As compared to C-AFSW, the microstructural evolution mechanism in UwFSW was found to be very complex in the different parts of the SZ. For UwFSW, discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and geometric dynamic recrystallization were found to be the main microstructural evolution mechanism in the SZ. In addition, the enhanced cooling rates of UwFSW produce a fine grain structure and a large number of high angle boundaries (HABs). Both C-AFSW and UwFSW showed mixed grain structure in the thermomechanically affected zone. TEM results showed dislocation accumulation and annihilation were predominant in UwFSW with fine and denser rod-shaped (θ́-Al₂Cu) precipitates. The shear textures <span>(A/overline{A })</span>, A₁*/A₂* and <span>(B/overline{B })</span> are formed in the SZ of both C-AFSW and UwFSW. However, the shear components <span>(B/overline{B })</span> dominates in the C-AFSW as compared to<span>(A/overline{A })</span>. The result and findings of this research help to understand the microstructure evolution mechanism of CuZn40/AA1100-O FSW joints and further optimize the welding process for application.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Simultaneous Mg and Zn Addition on the Solidification and Microstructure of Multi-Element Hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloys","authors":"Liming Ou, Shuming Xing, Hongji Sun, Guangyuan Yan","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01773-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01773-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microalloying is a crucial method for enhancing alloy properties. Magnesium (Mg) is the primary strengthening element in 6xxx alloys, while zinc (Zn) plays a similar role in 7xxx alloys. However, the combined addition of Mg and Zn and its impact on the multi-element hypoeutectic Al-Si cast aluminum alloys remain uncertain. This paper investigates the effects of Mg and Zn additions on the solidification and microstructure of multi-element hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. With Mg and Zn additions, the size and distribution of eutectic silicon transform from individual long platelets to a finer, more compact structure due to increased undercooling resulting from lower eutectic silicon formation temperatures. Additionally, the needle-like phases were AlSi(Mn, Cr)Fe and (Al, Zr, Si) in the A1 alloy, respectively. The incorporation of Zn into the AlSi(Mn, Cr)Fe phase, the AlSi(Mn, Cr)Fe phase has the preferred growth direction and finally presents a needle-like structure. The formation of the new phase (Al, Zr, Si) is attributed to increased partial Gibbs energy of Zr, reducing its ability to remain in the liquid phase and promoting reaction with Si upon addition of Mg and Zn. The hardness and tensile strength increase with the addition of Mg and Zn due to their solid solution into the aluminum matrix, while elongation decreases. The room temperature tensile strength, hardness, and elongation of the as-cast alloy under gravity casting reach 221.04 MPa, 84.1 HBW, and 2.12%, respectively, upon the addition of Mg and Zn in multi-element hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. This paper provides a new direction and reference value for the development of solution-free high-strength aluminum alloys.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Hot Workability and Microstructure Control in Monel K 500 in as Cast Condition: An Approach Using Processing Maps","authors":"Soumyajyoti Dey,&nbsp;Ravi Ranjan Kumar,&nbsp;Varsha Florist,&nbsp;Shubham Kumar,&nbsp;Debasis Tripathy,&nbsp;P. Chakravarthy,&nbsp;S. V. S. Narayana Murty","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01743-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01743-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 11","pages":"3171 - 3171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Microstructure and Hardness of Zr-2.5Nb Alloy Annealed in Lower and Upper Dual-Phase Regions: the Role Played by Nb","authors":"Lan Qi, Linjiang Chai, Tao Yang, Fangli Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01788-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01788-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 50%-rolled Zr-2.5Nb alloy sheet was annealed in lower (700 °C) and upper (800 °C) α-Zr + β-Zr dual-phase regions, respectively, followed by water quenching. Microstructural features were meticulously characterized and analyzed using electron channeling contrast imaging and electron backscattering diffraction techniques. After annealing at 700 °C, the alloy obtains a mixed structure of recrystallized α grains and granular β phase, and the preservation of β phase can be associated with the enrichment of Nb. For the 800 °C sample, its microstructure comprises recrystallized α grains and ultrafine plates produced by martensitic transformation. There exist numerous nanotwins inside these martensitic plates, which are related to the Nb-induced reduction of martensite start temperature (M_S). Hardness tests reveal that compared to the as-rolled sample (249.8 ± 11.0 HV), the hardness of the 700 °C sample slightly drops (240.9 ± 6.7 HV) due to increased α-grain sizes and the reduced deformation defects. In contrast, there appears a notable increase in hardness for the 800 °C sample (290.0 ± 5.5 HV), which is attributed to synergistic effects of multiple mechanisms including grain refinement strengthening of martensitic laths, nanotwin boundary strengthening, and solid-solution strengthening.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Process Parameters on Wear Resistance of Surfaces Modified by Friction Stirring Processing in 7075 Aluminum Alloy","authors":"J. T. Wang, A. X. Liu, Y. K. Zhang, L. Xie, M. T. He, K. Y. Luo, K. J. Hu","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01783-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01783-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>7075 aluminum alloy has significant attraction in the field of lightweight materials, but its poor wear resistance limits its application. Therefore, in this study, the optimal wear-resistant weld seam was prepared by adjusting the FSP (Friction Stir Processing). Friction and wear tests were conducted to analyze the wear resistance of the weld seam. Additionally, XRD, SEM, and TEM were used for phase analysis and microstructural characterization of the weld seam. The treated specimens exhibited the significantly higher wear rate and average coefficient of friction during the stabilization stage of samples W1 (welded rate: 60 mm/min; rotation rate: 1000 rpm) and W8 (welded rate: 80 mm/min; rotation rate: 1200 rpm), with increases of 45% and 40% for the wear rate, respectively, and 19% and 13% for coefficient of friction in comparison with the untreated material. The optimized FSP parameters can considerably improve the wear resistance of the material by affecting the heat input, which altered the grain size and distribution in the welded zone. X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy studies provided the mechanism underlying grain size and plastic nano twin structures contributions to wear resistance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}