Metals and Materials International最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced Energy Absorption and Unusual Mechanical Behaviors of Continuously Graded Diamond-Shellular Nanostructures","authors":"Minh-Quan Doan,&nbsp;Van-Lam Nguyen,&nbsp;Van-Tuan Le,&nbsp;Duc-Tam Ho,&nbsp;Dang Thi Hong Hue,&nbsp;Van-Hai Dinh,&nbsp;Le Van Lich","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01841-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01841-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Functionally graded cellular materials are garnering increasing interest for their unique structures and superior mechanical properties. Among the various types of cellular materials, shell-based structures have gained advantages over strut-based and hollow structures due to their ability to reduce stress concentration under loading. This study focuses on designing copper-based graded diamond-shell nanostructures, where the relative density varies partially in one direction, to enhance mechanical behavior and boost energy absorption capabilities. Initially, the compressive mechanical behavior and energy absorption capacity of regular diamond-shell nanostructures are examined using molecular dynamics simulations to determine the optimal relative density. Results indicate that the energy absorption of these regular nanostructures varies nonlinearly with relative density, peaking at a density of 0.6. Based on this optimal density, several graded nanostructures are created, which have the same average densities but differ in their density variations. Notably, nanostructures with a density gradient alter the stress–strain response and achieve a 21.8% increase in specific energy absorption compared to the peak value in their regular counterparts. The inclusion of a density gradient facilitates hierarchical, layer-by-layer compression and densification, enhancing overall energy absorption. A detailed analysis of planar defects and dislocation densities elucidates the different mechanical behaviors under compression between the regular and graded nanostructures, with the latter exhibiting a more controlled defect evolution and a stable collapse mechanism during deformation. These insights highlight the potential of graded diamond-shell nanostructures as programmable structures for applications that demand substantial mechanical energy absorption during large deformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 6","pages":"1526 - 1540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of High-Temperature Recovery and Recrystallization Behavior in a Single Crystal Ni-Based Superalloy Treated with Shot Peening and Laser Peening","authors":"Noah Holtham,&nbsp;Nicholas Brooks,&nbsp;Lloyd Hackel,&nbsp;Keivan Davami","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01847-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01847-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the effects of shot peening (SP) and laser peening (LP) on the high-temperature microstructural evolutions of a CMSX-4 single crystal Ni-based superalloy were scrutinized, with an emphasis on understanding the phenomena of recovery, recrystallization (RX), and oxide layer formation. CMSX-4 specimens were subjected to SP and LP, followed by thermal exposure at 1100 °C for 100 h to accelerate dislocation mobility and RX. Quantitative assessments revealed that SP induced significant microstructural changes, including a stark increase in surface hardness by 53% over the untreated specimens, and generated maximum residual stresses of − 1250 MPa. This intense mechanical impact and thermal input facilitated the formation of new grains characterized by high-energy angles of 50–60 degrees with an average diameter of 55 µm. Furthermore, SP followed by heat treatment was found to promote the growth of a 2.5 µm thick, continuous Al₂O₃ oxide layer, providing substantial coverage that could potentially enhance the alloy’s resistance to corrosion. In contrast, LP imparted less intense surface modifications, with an increase in hardness of only 26% and lower magnitude residual stresses peaking at − 750 MPa. However, LP preserved the alloy’s original crystal structure, exhibiting no evidence of RX.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 6","pages":"1793 - 1804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Single and Double Pulse Techniques on Microstructure and Mechanical Anisotropy of Inconel 686 Component Fabricated by Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition","authors":"S. Ajithkumar,&nbsp;B. Arulmurugan","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01843-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01843-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, thin-wall components of Inconel 686 were fabricated using gas metal arc welding-based wire arc directed energy deposition (WA-DED) with both single pulse (SP) and double pulse (DP) techniques. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated components were analyzed across various regions, including the lower, middle, and upper sections along the vertical direction, in the horizontal and inclined directions. Microstructural studies revealed variations in the microstructure across different regions of the as-built components, influenced by the degree of constitutional undercooling and layer-by-layer deposition process. SP-GMAW showed columnar dendrites in the lower and middle regions, transitioning to equiaxed dendrites in the upper region. In contrast, DP-GMAW exhibited cellular dendrites in the lower region, short columnar dendrites in the middle, and fine equiaxed dendrites in the upper region. DP-GMAW reduced the crystallite size to 20.05 nm and increased the dislocation density to 24.8 × 10^‒4 nm^‒2 compared to SP-GMAW. The controlled thermal cycles in DP-GMAW promote rapid solidification and inhibit large grain growth. This technique also minimized elemental segregation by creating a dynamic stirring effect through alternating pulse intensities, enhancing mixing and refining the microstructure. As a result, DP-GMAW significantly improved the mechanical properties of WA-DED-fabricated samples, leading to a 4.78% increase in hardness and a 5.84% increase in tensile strength. Moreover, it achieved a 9.3% reduction in anisotropy and heterogeneity, attributable to improved heat control and cooling rates.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 6","pages":"1648 - 1673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure Evolution and Temperature/Stress Field Simulation of Laser Cladded EA4T Axle Steel with Inconel 625 Alloy","authors":"Dongdong Ji,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Hang Lv,&nbsp;Kaixin Su,&nbsp;Jiwang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01844-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01844-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To reduce the scrapping rate of railway axles and extend their service life, laser cladding technology is employed to deposit Inconel 625 alloy on the surface of EA4T axle steel for axle repair. This study validates the effectiveness of the numerical models of the temperature field and stress field in laser cladded EA4T axle steel by comparing the results of experiments with simulations. Subsequently, the formation process and distribution pattern of the microstructure in different regions were analyzed, and the critical positions of the laser-clad repair specimens were examined. The surface morphology, microstructure, internal defects, microhardness, and microscopic mechanical properties of the cladded specimens were characterized. The results indicate that the surface roughness of the specimens significantly increased after cladding. The formation and distribution of the microstructure in the clad layer and heat-affected zone (HAZ) were primarily influenced by the heat input and cooling rate during laser cladding, with the critical position of the clad specimen located at the interface between the clad layer and the substrate. A small number of near-spherical pores are present within the cladding layer. The microhardness of the HAZ significantly increases, with reduced elastic deformation and crack resistance in this region, which adversely affects axle repair. This study provides a methodology and theoretical support for the optimization and evaluation of parameters in the laser cladding repair of EA4T axle steel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 6","pages":"1691 - 1707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured H13: A Two-Step Approach Integrating Processing Parameters Optimization and a Tailored Heat Treatment","authors":"Narges Omidi,&nbsp;Asim Iltaf,&nbsp;Manel Houria,&nbsp;Mohammad Jahazi,&nbsp;Noureddine Barka,&nbsp;Claude Belzile","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01808-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01808-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid solidification during Additive Manufacturing (AM) of H13 steel leads to mesoscopic segregation of alloying elements, which are prone to oxidation during post-AM heat treatment. The presence of oxide particles significantly reduces the tensile strength of powder bed fusion-ed (PBF-ed) H13 steel. The size and distribution of the oxides depend on the selection of both PBF and heat treatment parameters. The purpose of this paper is to maximize the tensile strength of PBF-ed H13, making it comparable to conventional forged and heat treated H13.The research was conducted in two steps. First, PBF processing parameters of laser power, laser speed, hatching space, printing strategy, and preheating temperature were optimized to minimize manufacturing defects and maximize mechanical strength. In the second step, tailored heat treatments were investigated, including annealing at 500 °C for 2 h, quenching at 1020 °C for 1 h, and double tempering at 550 °C for 2 h. Experimental results show that annealing at 500 °C effectively reduces residual stress but does not achieve sufficient elongation. The combination of quenching and tempering significantly enhances elongation to 15% while maintaining a tensile strength of approximately 1517 MPa. This optimized heat treatment strategy also minimized the size and distribution of oxide particles, keeping them under 6 μm in diameter, thereby reducing their detrimental impact on mechanical properties.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 5","pages":"1286 - 1312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Pre-Rolling Strategy and Aging Precipitation Behaviors on Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of Biomedical Ti-15Mo Alloy","authors":"Shanshan Zhang,&nbsp;Tiewei Xu,&nbsp;Binjiang Lv,&nbsp;Wei Sun,&nbsp;Fazhan Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01837-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01837-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The precipitation behaviors of aging (A) were investigated in Ti-15Mo alloy after solution treatment (ST), unidirectional rolling (Uni-R) and bidirectional rolling (Bi-R). The results indicate that pre-rolling followed aging treatment could obtain fine α precipitates and improve the performance of the alloy. Numerous ω phases and sub-structures were induced in the alloy via the Uni-R or Bi-R process, increasing the amount of precipitation nucleation and inhibiting the coarsening of α phases. The strength and wear resistance of Uni-R-A and Bi-R-A samples are higher than that of the ST-A sample, revealing that pre-rolling strategies have the positive effect on microstructural refinement and performance. Compared with Bi-R process, the sub-structures formed in Uni-R process present more {332} twin characteristics, and facilitate to homogenous aging precipitation. The excellent combination performance was obtained in the Uni-R-A alloy with a highest ultimate tensile strength at 1270 MPa, and a lowest worn loss at 2.14 × 10⁷ µm³.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 6","pages":"1674 - 1690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and Fracture Characteristics of HAZs of Ca- deoxidized Steel Plates with Different Ti/N Ratios After HHIW","authors":"Yanli Chen,&nbsp;Jian Yang,&nbsp;Yinhui Zhang,&nbsp;Tingting Li,&nbsp;Yuqi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01838-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01838-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The microstructure and fracture characteristic of heat affected zone (HAZ) of the Ca-deoxidized steel plates with the different Ti/N ratios of 1.61, 3.79, and 5.00 denoted as TN16, TN38, and TN50 steels were studied after the High Heat Input Welding (HHIW) of 400 kJ/cm. The ratio of the ductile zone to the total fracture surface area is 55% in TN38 steel, which is the largest among the three steels. The main cracks in TN16 and TN50 steels display a smooth shape propagating along grain boundaries, while in TN38 steel, main crack exhibits shape in a zigzag pattern. The EBSD results reveal that the brittle transgranular fracture occurs on the grain boundary ferrites (GBFs), ferrite side plates (FSPs) with θ &lt; 15 ° in TN16 and TN50 steels, while the ductile fracture occurs on the intergranular acicular ferrites (IAFs) with θ &gt; 45 ° in TN38 steel. The area fractions for IAFs in CGHAZ are 68.3%, 91.6%, and 50% for TN16, TN38, and TN50 steels, respectively. Thus, the low-temperature impact toughnesses of HAZ at -20℃ are 77, 165, and 33 J for TN16, TN38, and TN50 steels, respectively.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 6","pages":"1754 - 1768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled CA-FE Simulation for Dynamic Recrystallization of Mg-8Gd-4Sm-1Zn-0.5Zr Alloy During Hot Compression Deformation","authors":"Xikuan Guo,&nbsp;Jun Chen,&nbsp;Quanan Li,&nbsp;Xiaoya Chen,&nbsp;Limin Zhu,&nbsp;Panpan Li","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01839-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01839-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, the dynamic recrystallization behavior and microstructure evolution during thermal deformation were simulated by coupling finite element (FE) and cellular automaton (CA) models. The thermal deformation tests were conducted on Mg-8Gd-4Sm-1Zn-0.5Zr alloy at deformation temperatures of 350–470 °C and strain rates of 0.002–1 s⁻¹. The true stress-strain curves were obtained under different deformation conditions, and the microstructure evolution of the alloy was investigated. On this basis, the dynamic recrystallization kinetic model, grain size model, and Laasraoui-Jonas model for CA simulation were established. Meanwhile, the dynamic recrystallization behavior of the alloy under different deformation conditions was simulated by inputting the relevant parameters of the model into the finite element CA simulation software. The simulation results show that the different strains, deformation positions, deformation temperatures, and strain rates have a significant effect on the dynamic recrystallization volume fraction and grain size of the alloy. The predicted DRX volume fraction and grain size are in good agreement with the experimental data, with errors mostly below 10%. These results confirm that the established CA models coupled with the FE analysis can accurately predict the dynamic recrystallization behavior and microstructure evolution of Mg-8Gd-4Sm-1Zn-0.5Zr alloy, the CA-FE coupled method provides accurate theoretical guidance for the dynamic recrystallization behavior study of high-Gd magnesium alloys in thermal deformation. In this paper, the dynamic recrystallization volume fraction model, the recrystallization grain size model, and the Laasraoui-Jonas model of the alloy were established by thermal compression data. The dynamic recrystallization behavior and microstructure evolution were simulated by coupling finite element (FE) and cellular automaton (CA) models during the thermal deformation process. The results show that the established CA models coupled with the FE analysis can accurately predict the variations of the dynamic recrystallization behavior during the thermal deformation of Mg-8Gd-4Sm-1Zn-0.5Zr alloys.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>In this paper, the DRX volume fraction model, recrystallized grain size model, and Laasraoui-Jonas model of Mg-8Gd-4Sm-1Zn-0.5Zr alloy have been established by thermal compression tests. By using the CA module in DEFORM-3D coupled with FE simulation, the dynamic recrystallization behavior under different deformation conditions during thermal deformation was investigated, and the microstructure evolution law was analyzed.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 6","pages":"1720 - 1737"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear Friction and Corrosion Performance Assessment on IF, HSLA and DP600 Steels Subjected to Severe Vibratory Peening","authors":"Yusuf Efe,&nbsp;Turan Das,&nbsp;Ibrahim Karademir,&nbsp;Erfan Maleki,&nbsp;Bilge Demir,&nbsp;Okan Unal","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01836-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01836-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this experimental study, wear and corrosion performance of dual-phase (DP600), high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) and interstitial-free (IF) steels after severe vibratory peening-SVP (peening durations of 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h) were investigated. SVP is a novel surface severe plastic deformation methodology, and this study emerges the performance alteration of DP600, HSLA and IF subjected to SVP. The deformed layer thickness increased in parallel with the peening time for all samples. The highest deformation was observed in HSLA, IF and DP600, respectively. The roughness increased proportionally with the peening time but decreased for DP600 and IF under the duration of 4 h. The peening duration time provides microhardness improvement. The corrosion rates of as received (Ar) samples for DP600, HSLA and IF are 0.065, 0.13 and 0.085, respectively. SVP had a negative effect on IF (1.74) but increased the corrosion resistance of DP600 (0.034) and HSLA (0.067). The wear volume losses were 0.37, 0.274 and 0.346 for DP600, HSLA and IF at 15 N for 4 h samples, respectively. These results showed that wear and friction resistance increased under higher wear loads.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 6","pages":"1586 - 1612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Strain Path Change on Texture and Microstructure of Accumulative Roll-Bonding (ARB) Processed Aluminum: A Comparative Study of Unidirectional and Reverse ARB","authors":"Ning Nie,&nbsp;Chen Yuan,&nbsp;Lisha Shi,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Hui Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01834-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01834-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process, the cumulative shear strain in stacked sheets is complicated because of repetitive cutting-stacking and roll-bonding. To study the effect of strain path change on microstructure and texture, reverse ARB, in addition to unidirectional ARB, was conducted to generate a comparative through-thickness shear strain. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterize the through-thickness microstructure and texture. Differences in texture and microstructure between the unidirectional ARB and reverse ARB were revealed. It was surprisingly observed that finer microstructure was located at the sheet inner region, but not the widely reported surface region. The combination of shear strain imposed in each cycle was used to qualitatively explain this unusual phenomenon. The low introduced strain magnitude led to a pronounced role of shear strain path change in determining deformation features.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 6","pages":"1805 - 1814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}