Metals and Materials International最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Simultaneous Mg and Zn Addition on the Solidification and Microstructure of Multi-Element Hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloys","authors":"Liming Ou, Shuming Xing, Hongji Sun, Guangyuan Yan","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01773-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01773-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microalloying is a crucial method for enhancing alloy properties. Magnesium (Mg) is the primary strengthening element in 6xxx alloys, while zinc (Zn) plays a similar role in 7xxx alloys. However, the combined addition of Mg and Zn and its impact on the multi-element hypoeutectic Al-Si cast aluminum alloys remain uncertain. This paper investigates the effects of Mg and Zn additions on the solidification and microstructure of multi-element hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. With Mg and Zn additions, the size and distribution of eutectic silicon transform from individual long platelets to a finer, more compact structure due to increased undercooling resulting from lower eutectic silicon formation temperatures. Additionally, the needle-like phases were AlSi(Mn, Cr)Fe and (Al, Zr, Si) in the A1 alloy, respectively. The incorporation of Zn into the AlSi(Mn, Cr)Fe phase, the AlSi(Mn, Cr)Fe phase has the preferred growth direction and finally presents a needle-like structure. The formation of the new phase (Al, Zr, Si) is attributed to increased partial Gibbs energy of Zr, reducing its ability to remain in the liquid phase and promoting reaction with Si upon addition of Mg and Zn. The hardness and tensile strength increase with the addition of Mg and Zn due to their solid solution into the aluminum matrix, while elongation decreases. The room temperature tensile strength, hardness, and elongation of the as-cast alloy under gravity casting reach 221.04 MPa, 84.1 HBW, and 2.12%, respectively, upon the addition of Mg and Zn in multi-element hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. This paper provides a new direction and reference value for the development of solution-free high-strength aluminum alloys.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Hot Workability and Microstructure Control in Monel K 500 in as Cast Condition: An Approach Using Processing Maps","authors":"Soumyajyoti Dey,&nbsp;Ravi Ranjan Kumar,&nbsp;Varsha Florist,&nbsp;Shubham Kumar,&nbsp;Debasis Tripathy,&nbsp;P. Chakravarthy,&nbsp;S. V. S. Narayana Murty","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01743-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01743-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 11","pages":"3171 - 3171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Microstructure and Hardness of Zr-2.5Nb Alloy Annealed in Lower and Upper Dual-Phase Regions: the Role Played by Nb","authors":"Lan Qi, Linjiang Chai, Tao Yang, Fangli Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01788-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01788-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 50%-rolled Zr-2.5Nb alloy sheet was annealed in lower (700 °C) and upper (800 °C) α-Zr + β-Zr dual-phase regions, respectively, followed by water quenching. Microstructural features were meticulously characterized and analyzed using electron channeling contrast imaging and electron backscattering diffraction techniques. After annealing at 700 °C, the alloy obtains a mixed structure of recrystallized α grains and granular β phase, and the preservation of β phase can be associated with the enrichment of Nb. For the 800 °C sample, its microstructure comprises recrystallized α grains and ultrafine plates produced by martensitic transformation. There exist numerous nanotwins inside these martensitic plates, which are related to the Nb-induced reduction of martensite start temperature (M_S). Hardness tests reveal that compared to the as-rolled sample (249.8 ± 11.0 HV), the hardness of the 700 °C sample slightly drops (240.9 ± 6.7 HV) due to increased α-grain sizes and the reduced deformation defects. In contrast, there appears a notable increase in hardness for the 800 °C sample (290.0 ± 5.5 HV), which is attributed to synergistic effects of multiple mechanisms including grain refinement strengthening of martensitic laths, nanotwin boundary strengthening, and solid-solution strengthening.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Process Parameters on Wear Resistance of Surfaces Modified by Friction Stirring Processing in 7075 Aluminum Alloy","authors":"J. T. Wang, A. X. Liu, Y. K. Zhang, L. Xie, M. T. He, K. Y. Luo, K. J. Hu","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01783-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01783-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>7075 aluminum alloy has significant attraction in the field of lightweight materials, but its poor wear resistance limits its application. Therefore, in this study, the optimal wear-resistant weld seam was prepared by adjusting the FSP (Friction Stir Processing). Friction and wear tests were conducted to analyze the wear resistance of the weld seam. Additionally, XRD, SEM, and TEM were used for phase analysis and microstructural characterization of the weld seam. The treated specimens exhibited the significantly higher wear rate and average coefficient of friction during the stabilization stage of samples W1 (welded rate: 60 mm/min; rotation rate: 1000 rpm) and W8 (welded rate: 80 mm/min; rotation rate: 1200 rpm), with increases of 45% and 40% for the wear rate, respectively, and 19% and 13% for coefficient of friction in comparison with the untreated material. The optimized FSP parameters can considerably improve the wear resistance of the material by affecting the heat input, which altered the grain size and distribution in the welded zone. X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy studies provided the mechanism underlying grain size and plastic nano twin structures contributions to wear resistance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication, Characterization and Micro-machinability of Stir-Cast Al6061/GNPs + Mg Nanocomposite","authors":"Sunil Rawal, Harsh Prakash, Ajay M. Sidpara","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01780-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01780-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present work deals with the mechanical and microstructural characterization of Al6061/3 wt% Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) fabricated through the bottom pouring stir casting technique. Magnesium (Mg) as a wetting agent (1 wt%) was incorporated to reduce the aggregation and increase the uniform dispersion of GNPs in the matrix. The grain structure, microhardness, tensile strength, and fractured surfaces of Al6061-based nanocomposites were investigated to better understand the effect of GNPs on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the manufactured specimens. The microchannels were machined using a 500 µm TiSiN-coated carbide end mill tool. The machinability analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of micromachining parameters on surface roughness, burr formation, and cutting force during dry machining. An image processing method was used to analyze the slot and burr widths of the fabricated microchannels. The measurements were acquired by a user-defined subroutine using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The SEM micrographs revealed the dendritic microstructures with reduced casting defects. The fabricated nanocomposite showed a 35% and 267% improvement in microhardness and ultimate tensile strength, respectively. SEM fractograph of the nanocomposite revealed a mixed-mode ductile–brittle failure mechanism. The optimum machining condition displayed a 52% and 36% decrease in feed force <span>(left( {F_{y} } right))</span> and surface roughness <span>(left( {R_{a} } right))</span>, respectively, compared to the lowest process parameter. Optimum parameters revealed a 78% decrease in up-milling side burrs and a 54% improvement in slot width compared to the lowest process parameter. ANOVA results revealed feed rate as a significant factor, which contributed 83% and 93% in thrust force <span>(left( {F_{z} } right))</span> and <span>(R_{a})</span>, respectively. Material adhesion and abrasion were identified as the primary tool wear mechanisms.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Zn Content and Homogenization Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Mg-9Y-xZn Alloys","authors":"Ruizhi Zhang, Xiaojie Zhou, Ming Li, Xianzheng Lu, Xiaomin Chen, Xiaotong Pang, Jiahao Li, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01781-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01781-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, the effect of Zn content and homogenization treatment on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the Mg-Y-Zn alloys was systematically investigated. When the Zn content in the as-cast alloys is increased to 3%, the Mg₂₄Y₅ eutectic phases disappear and the lamellar LPSO phases increase significantly. In the as-homogenized alloys, the Mg₂₄Y₅ eutectic phases are not detected and a large number of intragranular lamellar LPSO phases appear. The LPSO volume fraction decreases gradually with the extension of homogenization holding time. Numerous lamellar phases are precipitated in the furnace-cooling samples. The alloys with a higher interdendritic LPSO volume fraction (WZ93) or containing fine lamellar LPSO phases (H-6#) exhibit better mechanical properties. The continuous interdendritic secondary phases can act as a corrosion barrier to block the intrusion of corrosive fluid, but the lamellar LPSO phases are conducive to the corrosive fluid into the interior of the substrate. The H-3# alloy with numerous lamellar LPSO phases exhibits the worst corrosion resistance, while the WZ92 alloy with more continuous LPSO phases shows better corrosion resistance. This work indicates that the mechanical and corrosion properties can be improved by modulating the volume fraction and morphology of LPSO phases.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Ultrasonic Power on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZL205A/TiB2 Composite Materials","authors":"Jingchuan Tang, Mohd Zaidi Omar, Ripeng Jiang, Intan Fadhlina Mohamed, Anqing Li","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01784-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01784-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-energy ultrasound plays an important role in enhancing the uniform distribution of reinforcing particles inside the composites. In this work, the effect of different ultrasonic power (0–1000 W) on the solidification microstructure and mechanical properties of 2.0 wt% ZL205A/TiB₂ composites was investigated. The experimental results show that, within a certain range, the increase of ultrasonic power can refine the grain size, reduce the TiB₂ particle agglomeration, and enhance the mechanical properties of composites. The grain size was reduced from 93 μm (0 W) to 49 μm (800 W), and the tensile strength (UTS) was increased from 186.5 to 230.6 MPa, respectively, a relative increase of 47.3%. However, when the ultrasonic power reaches 1000 W, the microstructure of the composites is deteriorated, the grain size is coarse, and the mechanical properties are reduced. This indicates that high ultrasonic power is not conducive to the further optimization of composite microstructure. Based on the experimental results, the mechanisms of ultrasonic power on the microstructure of the composite materials have been discussed in detail. Furthermore, the quantitative relationships between ultrasonic power and sound pressure (P), the intensity density (I), the acoustic impulse velocity (v), and amplitude (A) was established, which played an important theoretical guidance role for the preparation of metal matrix composite materials during industrial application with ultrasonic treatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3><p>The main objective of this work is to explore the changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZL205A/TiB₂ composite materials under the influence of different ultrasonic powers. The lattice matching relationship between TiB₂ reinforcement particles and the aluminum matrix is revealed, and the changes in acoustic energy density, sound pressure intensity, and ultrasonic amplitude under different ultrasonic powers are quantitatively analyzed.</p>\u0000","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Single Aging Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Ultra-Thin 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel","authors":"Kanghyun Park, Byungchan Cho, Jaiyoung Cho, Kang Il Oh, Sung Yong Ha, Sung Hwan Hong, Byeongdeok Lee, Chanho Lee, Gian Song","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01782-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01782-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to improve the performance of snow tires for automobiles, it is important to develop Kerf with an ultra-thin thickness under 0.4 mm. However, the reduced thickness requires further improved mechanical properties, such as strength, ductility and toughness. Therefore, we investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties by adjusting aging treatment conditions regarding 18Ni-300 maraging steel samples with an ultra-thin thickness of 0.4 mm, which were fabricated using the additive manufacturing technique, powder bed fusion (PBF) method. The microstructural analysis was performed using scanning-electron-microscope (SEM), electron-backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission-electron-microscope (TEM). The mechanical properties were evaluated using the universal testing machine (UTM) with a strain rate of 1 × 10^− 3 s^− 1. It was found that after a single aging treatment without solution treatment, the microstructural evolutions, such as the formation of nano-precipitate and variation of volume fraction of reverted austenite were observed, which affect the strength and ductility, respectively. More specifically, the highest tensile strength of 1933.9 MPa was achieved in the sample aged at 480 ℃ for 3 h, whereas the maximum strain of 7.53% was obtained in the sample aged at 560 ℃ for 6 h. As a result, we report the aging treatment strategy to control the microstructure which can optimize the mechanical properties in the ultra-thin samples.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Microdefect on Mechanical Behaviors of CX Stainless Steel Produced by Selective Laser Melting","authors":"Xiaojie Zhao,&nbsp;Kai Zhao,&nbsp;Yang Gao,&nbsp;Dongdong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01740-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01740-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a high-strength maraging stainless steel (CX stainless steel) was prepared using selective laser melting (SLM) technology. Solution aging was employed to enhance the microstructure and mechanical properties of the printed part. The heterogeneous microstructures of CX steel were studied, which mainly consisted of martensitic laths with high-density dislocations and numerous cellular substructures. Precipitation of NiAl with an average particle size of 12 nm and the occurrence of alumina inclusions with an average size of about 70 nm were observed. A high ultimate tensile strength of 1647 MPa, micro-hardness of 520 HV_0.2 and a good elongation of 8.9% was achieved for CX stainless steel. Moreover, the strengthening mechanism and crack propagation law are analyzed from the perspective of microdefects, such as fine grains, high density dislocations, cellular structure, nano-precipitates and inclusions.</p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><img></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 1","pages":"70 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Thermal and Athermal Effects in Strain Hardening Removal of A6061 Aluminum Alloy","authors":"Xiaoming Yu, Shaojie Gu, Guodong Wang, Yasuhiro Kimura, Yang Ju, Yuhki Toku","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01778-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01778-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explored the application of a high-density pulsed electric current (HDPEC) to mitigate strain hardening in a cold-rolled A6061 aluminum alloy while examining the simultaneous application of HDPEC with furnace heating to reveal the contributions of thermal and athermal effects. The results showed that significant strain-hardening relief was achieved through the HDPEC treatment, particularly at 300 A/mm² for 260 ms, resulting in a 23% reduction in strength and an 86% increase in ductility. Microstructural analysis revealed a shift to fine and equiaxed grains with reduced dislocation density, which was primarily attributed to thermal effects. HDPEC annealing exhibits superior efficiency compared to the conventional annealing treatment, offering cost and time advantages. In addition, this study validated the synergistic impact of HDPEC and furnace heating, with furnace heating supplementing energy requirements, facilitating practical HDPEC implementation. These findings suggest that the HDPEC method and the combined method with conventional heating are promising alternatives for strain-hardening alleviation in A6061 aluminum alloy manufacturing, supporting the development of an eco-friendly and efficient process.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}