Effect of T6 Treatment on AA6061 Composite Reinforced with AlCoFeNiMn HEA Particles via Friction Stir Processing

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI:10.1007/s12540-025-01935-6

Lokeswaran Ravi, Prince Wesley Vanaraj, S. Shashi Kumar, Ravikirana

{"title":"Effect of T6 Treatment on AA6061 Composite Reinforced with AlCoFeNiMn HEA Particles via Friction Stir Processing","authors":"Lokeswaran Ravi, Prince Wesley Vanaraj, S. Shashi Kumar,  Ravikirana","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-01935-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the fabrication of an AA6061 metal matrix composite reinforced with dual-phase AlCoFeNiMn high-entropy alloy (HEA) particles using friction stir processing (FSP). HEA particles, prepared via high-energy ball milling to an average size of 10 μm, served as effective strengthening agents within the aluminum matrix. Post-fabrication, the FSP-Al6061 composite (FSP-AMC) underwent T6 heat treatment to re-precipitate the β′′ phase dissolved during FSP. The heat-treated FSP-AMC exhibited refined, equiaxed grains in the stir zone (SZ) with an average grain size of 4 μm and a surface hardness of 115 HV, higher than the as-received AA6061. Tensile testing showed that the FSP-AMC with T6 treatment reached a tensile strength of 315 MPa with an elongation of 12%, retaining the strength of the as received AA6061 while slightly reducing ductility. Additionally, wear testing demonstrated enhanced resistance compared to the as-received AA6061, achieving a wear rate of 1.04 × 10⁻³ mm³/Nm. The enhanced interfacial bonding between the HEA particles and the matrix after heat treatment contributed to the composite’s increased mechanical and wear performance. These findings underscore the potential of HEA particles as reinforcement in AA6061 alloys for automotive and aerospace applications, where improved strength and wear resistance are crucial.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 10","pages":"3088 - 3106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Metals and Materials International","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12540-025-01935-6","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study investigates the fabrication of an AA6061 metal matrix composite reinforced with dual-phase AlCoFeNiMn high-entropy alloy (HEA) particles using friction stir processing (FSP). HEA particles, prepared via high-energy ball milling to an average size of 10 μm, served as effective strengthening agents within the aluminum matrix. Post-fabrication, the FSP-Al6061 composite (FSP-AMC) underwent T6 heat treatment to re-precipitate the β′′ phase dissolved during FSP. The heat-treated FSP-AMC exhibited refined, equiaxed grains in the stir zone (SZ) with an average grain size of 4 μm and a surface hardness of 115 HV, higher than the as-received AA6061. Tensile testing showed that the FSP-AMC with T6 treatment reached a tensile strength of 315 MPa with an elongation of 12%, retaining the strength of the as received AA6061 while slightly reducing ductility. Additionally, wear testing demonstrated enhanced resistance compared to the as-received AA6061, achieving a wear rate of 1.04 × 10⁻³ mm³/Nm. The enhanced interfacial bonding between the HEA particles and the matrix after heat treatment contributed to the composite’s increased mechanical and wear performance. These findings underscore the potential of HEA particles as reinforcement in AA6061 alloys for automotive and aerospace applications, where improved strength and wear resistance are crucial.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

T6处理对搅拌摩擦增强铝fenimn HEA颗粒AA6061复合材料的影响

研究了用搅拌摩擦法（FSP）制备双相高熵合金（HEA）增强AA6061金属基复合材料。高能球磨法制备的HEA颗粒平均尺寸为10 μm，是铝基体内的有效强化剂。制备后，对FSP- al6061复合材料（FSP- amc）进行T6热处理，使FSP过程中溶解的β”相重新析出。热处理后的FSP-AMC在搅拌区（SZ）表现出细化的等轴晶粒，平均晶粒尺寸为4 μm，表面硬度为115 HV，高于接收态AA6061。拉伸试验表明，经T6处理的FSP-AMC抗拉强度达到315 MPa，伸长率为12%，保持了与AA6061的强度，但塑性略有降低。此外，磨损测试表明，与收到的AA6061相比，耐磨性增强，达到1.04 × 10⁻³mm³/Nm的磨损率。热处理后HEA颗粒与基体之间的界面结合增强，提高了复合材料的机械性能和磨损性能。这些发现强调了HEA颗粒作为汽车和航空航天应用中AA6061合金增强材料的潜力，在这些领域，提高强度和耐磨性至关重要。图形抽象

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Metals and Materials International 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

8.60%

发文量

197

审稿时长

3.7 months

期刊介绍： Metals and Materials International publishes original papers and occasional critical reviews on all aspects of research and technology in materials engineering: physical metallurgy, materials science, and processing of metals and other materials. Emphasis is placed on those aspects of the science of materials that are concerned with the relationships among the processing, structure and properties (mechanical, chemical, electrical, electrochemical, magnetic and optical) of materials. Aspects of processing include the melting, casting, and fabrication with the thermodynamics, kinetics and modeling.