Acta Physiologiae Plantarum最新文献

{"title":"Chlorophyll a fluorescence of tomato genotypes in response to Tuta absoluta herbivory and foliar salicylic acid application","authors":"Juliane Maciel Henschel,&nbsp;Juliano Tadeu Vilela de Resende,&nbsp;Paulo Sergio Pulga,&nbsp;André Ricardo Zeist,&nbsp;Regina Lopes dos Santos,&nbsp;Patrícia Carla Giloni-Lima,&nbsp;Diego Silva Batista","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03651-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03651-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The South American tomato pinworm (<i>Tuta absoluta</i>) is a major pest of tomatoes that causes drastic yield losses. Some wild tomato genotypes are constitutively resistant to <i>T. absoluta</i>, whereas most commercial genotypes are susceptible. However, exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application may induce resistance to this herbivore in tomatoes. Since herbivory also reduces crop production by affecting photosynthesis, chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence (ChlF) represents a powerful tool for identifying potential and easily addressed resistance indicators. Therefore, we compared the ChlF patterns of two commercial genotypes (Alambra and Redenção) and one wild-resistant genotype (<i>Solanum habrochaites</i> var. <i>hirsutum</i>) treated with 540 µM SA or water (control), correlating their ChlF pattern with feeding damages caused by <i>T. absoluta</i>. Our results showed that SA reduced the overall plant damage in Alambra at 7, 21, and 35 days after infestation (DAI), and the consumed leaf area in Redenção and <i>hirsutum</i> 60 DAI. The ChlF analysis showed that SA increased the electron transfer rate (ETR), the regulated energy loss of PSII (<i>Y</i>_(NPQ)), the non-regulated energy loss (<i>Y</i>_(NO)), and reduced the efficiency of open PSII reaction centers (<span>(F_{{text{v}}}^{prime })</span>/<span>(F_{{text{m}}}^{prime })</span>) and photochemical quantum yield (<i>Y</i>_II) in all genotypes. <span>(F_{{text{o}}}^{prime })</span>, <span>(F_{{text{m}}}^{prime })</span>, and <span>(F_{{text{v}}}^{prime })</span> of commercial genotypes were higher than in the wild genotype. Feeding damage was positively correlated with <span>(F_{{text{o}}}^{prime })</span>, <span>(F_{{text{m}}}^{prime })</span>, and <span>(F_{{text{v}}}^{prime })</span>, and negatively correlated with <i>Y</i>_(NO) and ETR. These results indicate that ETR and <i>Y</i>_(NO) might be useful for indicating salicylic acid-induced resistance against <i>T. absoluta</i>, while <span>(F_{{text{o}}}^{prime })</span>, <span>(F_{{text{m}}}^{prime })</span>, and <span>(F_{{text{v}}}^{prime })</span> might indicate constitutive resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and functional mechanisms of yield-related genes in rice","authors":"Poulomi Sen,&nbsp;Avishek Chatterjee,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar,&nbsp;Somnath Bhattacharyya,&nbsp;Sayani Bandyopadhyay,&nbsp;Apurba Sarkar","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03667-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03667-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rice yield potentiality has been enhanced much after incorporating semi-dwarf trait in rice, which has led to the Green Revolution worldwide, but afterward, yield potentiality has increased marginally. To keep pace with increasing food grain demand due to increasing population, rice production needs to be enhanced even though available land, water, and other natural resources are limited. Thus, the only option is to improve intrinsic yield potentiality. Generally, rice yield is determined by different direct and indirect source and sink size-related components such as grain number per panicle, weight of grains, number of tillers, panicle architecture, heading date, etc. During the last two decades, QTL mapping and map-based cloning have identified several QTLs and genes controlling intrinsic and extrinsic factors of yield, followed by proper validation for their yield-enhancing ability in diverse rice backgrounds of indica and japonica subspecies. Because of the character's complexity, identifying favorable alleles of these genes, followed by gene pyramiding is the main strategy for high-yielding variety development. Any update regarding the molecular mechanism, gene functions and gene-to-gene interaction will assist a breeder to move a step ahead toward yield improvement. This review summarizes the recent progress of these genes and their contributions to yield and this information will further advance and facilitate rice breeding with more precision and efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar application of 5-aminolevulinic acid improves the salt tolerance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by enhancing the morphological attributes and antioxidant defense mechanism","authors":"Ahmad Sher,&nbsp;Ahmad Nawaz,&nbsp;Sami Ul-Allah,&nbsp;Abdul Sattar,&nbsp;Muhammad Ijaz,&nbsp;Abdul Qayyum,&nbsp;Abdul Manaf","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03647-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03647-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Salinity is among the main abiotic stresses affecting crop growth and productivity in many regions across the globe. This study aimed to assess the potential of foliar application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in improving the salt tolerance in sunflower under an arid climate. The experiment comprised of two sunflower hybrids (Parsun and NK-Senji), foliage sprayed with five levels of ALA (control, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L⁻¹), under two soil salinity levels (control, 40, and 80 mM NaCl). The results revealed improved plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and dry biomass traits in sunflower hybrid ‘NK-Senji’, while foliar applied ALA at 75 mg L⁻¹ was more useful for improvement in these traits under both growth environments, but the effect was more prominent under saline conditions. Improvement in yield and morphological traits in sunflower due to foliage application of ALA was attributed to an improvement in chlorophyll contents and increased actions of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxidase dismutase. It is concluded that foliar applied ALA at 75 mg L⁻¹ in sunflower hybrid ‘NK-Senji’ is advantageous for improving the sunflower yield in saline soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139770737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H2O2 leaf priming improves tolerance to cold stress in pistachio rootstocks","authors":"Kiarash Jamshidi Goharrizi,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Momeni,&nbsp;Soraya Karami,&nbsp;Geoffrey Meru,&nbsp;Maryam Nazari,&nbsp;Sedighe Ghanaei,&nbsp;Asma Moeinzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03650-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03650-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) priming is an effective strategy for alleviating the detrimental effects caused by cold stress in plants, however the underlying functional mechanisms are poorly understood. In the current study, the impact of H₂O₂ priming on the biochemical and physiological processes in pistachio (<i>Pistacia vera</i> L.) rootstocks was determined under cold stress. Overall, across the four rootstocks studied (UCB-1, Badami, Ghazvini and Kaleh-Ghouch), H₂O₂ priming prior to cold stress (primed condition) resulted in an increase in photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll and total carotenoid) and total soluble proteins compared to cold stress treatment (unprimed condition). Furthermore, the antioxidant enzymes activity (Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Catalase (CAT), and Guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)) and osmolyte levels (Proline (PRO), Total free amino acids (TFAA) and Total soluble carbohydrate (TSC)) increased under H₂O₂ priming + cold stress treatment compared to the unprimed condition. On the contrary, oxidative stress parameters (Electrolyte Leakage (EL), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and other aldehydes (OLD)) decreased under primed environment compared to unprimed condition. Overall, H₂O₂ priming improved response to cold stress in pistachio rootstocks; however, there was variations among the genotypes in the physiological and biochemical response. Cold stress in the absence of H₂O₂ priming revealed Badami to be the most tolerant rootstock, followed by Ghazvini, UCB-1 and Kaleh-Ghouch. However, when H₂O₂ priming was applied prior to cold stress exposure, UCB-1 was the most tolerant rootstock, followed by Badami, Ghazvini and Kaleh-Ghouch. Positive correlations were found between antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolytes for UCB-1, Badami and Ghazvini, while conversely, a negative correlation was found between antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress parameters. The outcomes of this study indicate that priming with H₂O₂ can reduce the destructive effects of cold stress on pistachio rootstocks. Thus, H₂O₂ priming may be considered as a valuable strategy for improving the tolerance of cold-sensitive rootstocks, such as UCB-1, and implementing it as a pre-treatment could prevent economic damage resulting from cold stress in agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139679783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and novel acidified organic amendment to remediate Cd-contaminated soil by Brassica juncea L","authors":"Sana Ashraf,&nbsp;Sajid Rashid Ahmad,&nbsp;Qasim Ali,&nbsp;Sobia Ashraf,&nbsp;Zahra Majid","doi":"10.1007/s11738-023-03644-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-023-03644-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil heavy metal pollution is a major environmental issue in the world. With ever-increasing industrialization, it is the need of the hour to develop low-cost and eco-friendly heavy metal remediation procedures. Phytoremediation is a new approach to extracting heavy metals from contaminated soil for environmental sustainability. In the present study, <i>Brassica juncea</i> (L.) was tested to extract cadmium (Cd) from contaminated soil using Cd-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and acidified organic amendment. The PGPR were isolated, screened for Cd tolerance, and the best strain (CTB5; <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>) was selected for seed coating to be used in the pot experiment. To enhance the bioavailability of Cd, elemental sulfur (S^°), molasses, and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) were added to the cow dung for acidification. A pot experiment was conducted for 60 days under Cd-spiked and normal soil using <i>Brassica juncea</i> (L.) as test crop with six treatments (T1: Control; T2: 0.5% acidified organic amendment; T3: 1% acidified organic amendment; T4: PGPR-coated seeds of <i>B. juncea</i>; T5: 0.5% acidified organic amendment + PGPR-coated seeds of <i>B. juncea</i>; T6: 1% acidified organic amendment + PGPR-coated seeds of <i>B. juncea</i>). The results have shown that T6 treatment caused a maximum increase in the shoot and root Cd concentration of <i>Brassica juncea</i> (164% and 102%, respectively) over the respective untreated control. Bioconcentration and translocation factors also showed a similar trend. A significant decrease of 34, 52, 41, and 66% in malondialdehyde, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase of <i>Brassica juncea</i> was observed due to T6 compared to respective untreated control under Cd-stressed soil. The results suggested that the combined application of PGPR and acidified organic amendment improved the antioxidative defense mechanism of <i>Brassica juncea</i> (L.) and could be employed for effective phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139666975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Euclidean distance to evaluate Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes as organic fertilizer amendments in Capsicum annuum","authors":"Leslie Hernández-Fernández,&nbsp;José Gerardo Vázquez,&nbsp;Lázaro Hernández,&nbsp;Roberto Campbell,&nbsp;Julia Martínez,&nbsp;Elliosha Hajari,&nbsp;Roberto González-De Zayas,&nbsp;Byron E. Zevallos-Bravo,&nbsp;Yanier Acosta,&nbsp;José Carlos Lorenzo","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03652-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03652-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional agriculture is reliant on the application of unsustainably high rates of inorganic fertilizers with detrimental consequences on the environment. The use of invasive aquatic macrophytes as organic fertilizer for crop production represents a unique opportunity for weed control as well as to use this plant material that would typically be disposed of, as a resource instead. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to use <i>Pistia stratiotes</i> and <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> as organic fertilizer for the growth of a high value vegetable, <i>Capsicum annuum</i>. Furthermore, to evaluate if Euclidean distance can be used as a tool to integrate the data collected into a single meaningful outcome. The results showed that growth on soil amended with plant material from the aquatic macrophytes resulted in improved plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, stalk diameter and the number of fruits produced per plant (characterized by Medium and High OCVs). The outcome from calculation of the Euclidean distance revealed that the best treatments to achieve the desired phenotype were amendments with 100 g <i>P. stratiotes</i> or 400 g <i>E. crassipes</i>. Therefore, it was evident that the tested macrophyte weeds can be used as organic fertilizers to promote plant growth and yield in <i>C. annuum</i> and that assessment of the Euclidean distance is a useful tool to incorporate the findings from a range of parameters into a single summarized outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139646080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromium-induced phytotoxicity and its impact on plant metabolism","authors":"Hemanta Kumar Patra,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar Patra,&nbsp;Srinivas Acharya","doi":"10.1007/s11738-023-03646-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-023-03646-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chromium (Cr) is a familiar heavy element and is mainly available in nature with a couple of stable oxidation states such as Cr⁺³ and Cr⁺⁶. Its soil–plant transfer is accomplished mostly by sulphate or iron ions which serve as carriers without a transport system. The entry of Cr⁺⁶ into the plant cells induces biochemical, molecular, cytotoxic and genotoxic alterations leading to the inhibition of seed germination, seedling growth and subsequent development. The harmful effects of Cr⁺⁶/Cr⁺³ on plants comprise growth inhibition of roots, shoots and leaves which affect plant biomass and productivity. Cr⁺⁶/Cr⁺³ also causes detrimental consequences on many plant metabolic processes, viz. absorption of water, mineral uptake, hormonal distribution, flowering, senescence, photosynthesis, respiration, carbohydrate, nitrogen, lipid and stress metabolism. Chromium induces phytotoxicity by the generation of free oxygen radicals, while antioxidant enzyme may alleviate the stress. Basically, plant stress resistance may occur through either an avoidance or tolerance mechanisms. The studies in this review highlight the behaviour of Cr in the soil plant system, Cr-speciation, Cr-phytoavailability and Cr-phytotoxicity with fragmentary information on Cr-induced toxicity effects on plant metabolism. Thus, this comprehensive review addresses available information published during the last 3–4 decades. We focussed on the inhibition of growth and development by ions of chromium, starting from seed germination, and with an emphasis on metabolic processes in plant organs. The issue of plant stress resistance mechanisms was also included. We suggest the need to reduce pollution with chromium compounds for a cleaner environment and ensuring the security of sustainable developments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139560058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of nitric oxide on lettuce plants subjected to salt stress in semi-hydroponic system","authors":"Isabelly Cristina da Silva Marques,&nbsp;João Domingos Rodrigues,&nbsp;Elizabeth Orika Ono,&nbsp;Dayane Mércia Ribeiro Silva,&nbsp;Geane Lourenço Bispo,&nbsp;Francisco de Assis de Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s11738-023-03645-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-023-03645-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of low-quality water, with high salt concentrations, can cause several changes in plant metabolism, requiring strategies to facilitate its use in agriculture. Nitric oxide (NO) is an alternative among biological or synthetic substances that has promising effects on the physiological and biochemical responses of plants under salt stress conditions, as it promotes acclimation and favors plant growth. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of NO on lettuce plants grown under salt stress. A randomized block experimental design was used in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of five concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 µM) and two salinity levels of the irrigation water (0.2 and 3.5 dS m⁻¹: without and with salt stress, respectively). SNP concentrations were applied weekly (foliar application), totaling three applications during the crop cycle. The variables analyzed included: chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant enzymes, and proline content. The foliar application of NO by SNP donor, at concentrations between 100 and 150 µM provided greater efficiency of energy use in the photosystems and stimulated plant defense by increasing enzyme activity and proline contents, promoting cell detoxification. Therefore, exogenous application of NO, by donors, to plants under low-quality water conditions is important to mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139509322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin supplementation alleviates drought stress in peach (Prunus persica) seedlings by improving photosynthesis, root morphological traits, and antioxidant defense system","authors":"Shahid Iqbal,&nbsp;Faisal Hayat,&nbsp;Mujahid Hussain,&nbsp;Naveed Mushtaq,&nbsp;Muneer Rehman,&nbsp;Alaiha Asif,&nbsp;Ummara Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Adnan Shahid","doi":"10.1007/s11738-023-03634-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-023-03634-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant yield and productivity are being impacted significantly by global climate change. Since water scarcity is one of the main risks to agriculture's future, developing plants that can withstand water stress is crucial. The peach is an essential fruit crop for examining how plants respond to drought stress, which lowers crop performance through yield and quality losses. Melatonin, a versatile, beneficial stress-relieving hormone, can be used to alter how plants respond to environmental stresses. The current investigation examined how melatonin may improve early peach seedlings' resistance to drought stress. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in plant biomass and photosynthetic activity and increased oxidative damage under drought stress. Melatonin application promotes plant development and reduces oxidative damage by increasing photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll contents. Melatonin also increases soluble sugars and proline contents. Furthermore, an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was also recorded in peach seedlings. According to the results of our investigation, melatonin applied at a concentration of 100 µM had the highest effect on increasing plant survival under drought stress and contributed to the development of a practical approach for peaches under drought stress conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139090594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenylalanine affects betalain biosynthesis and promotes ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and retinol accumulation in Amaranthus tricolor seedlings","authors":"Monika Kumari,&nbsp;Hidam Bishworjit Singh,&nbsp;Mohammad Imtiyaj Khan","doi":"10.1007/s11738-023-03629-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-023-03629-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Betalains are health-promoting plant pigments accumulated in non-anthocyanic plants. Owing to its limited distribution in nature, metabolic trade-offs of inhibiting them are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inhibition of betalains in <i>Amaranthus tricolor</i> seedlings to gain insights into the relationship of betalain biosynthesis with other biosynthetic pathways in betalain-accumulating plants. Phenylalanine (Phe; 12.5, 25, and 50 mmol L⁻¹) and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) (25 mmol L⁻¹) were treated to inhibit betalain biosynthesis in ten-day-old <i>A. tricolor</i> (red) seedlings. After two and six days of treatment, target (betalain-related metabolites) and non-target metabolites were analyzed. In two days, Phe content increased by 2.6, 8.5, and 17.4-fold in Phe (12.5, 25, and 50 mmol L⁻¹)-treated seedlings, respectively, compared to control, indicating the uptake of Phe by the seedlings. Phe treatment led to a 10.1–18% decrease in betacyanins, while MBTH caused an 18.3% decrease in two days. In both treatments, <i>cyclo</i>-DOPA formation, which is essential for betacyanin biosynthesis, seems to be inhibited, albeit through different mechanisms. Betalain biosynthetic precursors and intermediates, viz., tyrosine, L-DOPA, and dopamine decreased differentially. Ascorbic acid, <i>α</i>-tocopherol, and retinol contents increased in both treatments concomitant with the reduction in betalains, total phenols, and antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, Phe treatment is beneficial in enhancing antioxidant metabolites in betalain-accumulating plants. However, the mechanism of increasing ascorbic acid on inhibiting betalains needs further investigation in other betalain-producing plants also to understand if ascorbic acid is involved in regulating betalain biosynthesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}