Acta Physiologiae Plantarum最新文献

{"title":"Nucleotide metabolism in common bean pods during seed filling phase reveals the essential role of seed coats","authors":"Mercedes Díaz-Baena, Elena Delgado-García, Inés G. deRave-Prieto, Gregorio Gálvez-Valdivieso, Pedro Piedras","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03704-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-024-03704-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Common bean is a legume with high demand for human consumption and with high protein content on its seeds. The seed filling stage is a crucial step to obtain high-quality seeds with a good level of nutrients. For this, it is necessary for a correct communication between the different seed compartments. Nucleotides are essential components with nitrogen and phosphorous on its molecules, and its metabolism in seed development has not been studied in detail. In this manuscript, we have studied nucleotide metabolism in common bean pods during seed filling stage at pod valves, seed coats, and embryos. Nuclease and ribonuclease activities were assayed as nucleotide-generating enzymes, and nucleotidase, nucleosidase, and allantoinase as nucleotide-degrading activities. Nuclease was predominant in seed coats whereas ribonuclease was equally determined in seed coats and valves, although with differences in the three ribonucleases determined (16, 17, and 19 kDa). Nucleotidase and nucleosidase activities were detected in the three pods parts, and differently to nucleic degrading activities with significant activity in embryos. The relative expression of gene families coding for all these activities (S1 nuclease, S-like T2 ribonuclease, nucleotidase, nucleosidase and allantoinase) in the three pods parts was also studied. We have found the highest level of expression for some members of each family in seed coats. The allantoinase data suggest that nucleotide might be fully degraded in valves and seed coats but not in embryos. Overall, the data presented allow to conclude that there is an intense nucleotide metabolism in fruits during the seed filling stage with an especial involvement of seed coats in the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic control of important yield attributing characters predicted through machine learning in segregating generations of interspecific crosses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Brati Acharya, P. Pradeep Kumar, Soham Hazra, Subhramalya Dutta, Subhrajyoti Saha, Sourav Roy, Anirban Maji, Ivi Chakraborty, Arup Chattopadhyay, Pranab Hazra","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03702-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-024-03702-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Skewness and kurtosis were analysed using mean data from the F₂ to F₅ generations of three interspecific tomato hybrids, incorporating two feral species: <i>Solanum pimpinellifolium</i> (Currant Tomato) and <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> var. cerasiformae (Cherry Tomato). The study cantered on three crucial traits impacting fruit yield, with predictions generated through artificial neural networks and multiple linear regression. Plant height (PH), fruit weight (FW) and test weight of seeds (TSW) were identified as the most sensitive traits influencing fruit yield/plant in the Alisa Craig Aft × <i>Solanum pimpinellifolium</i> (Cross 1) and the Berika × <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> var. <i>cerasiformae</i> (Cross 2). In contrast, fruits per plant (FPP), FW and TSW emerged as the key contributors to fruit yield in the BCT 115 dg × <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> var. <i>cerasiformae</i> (Cross 3). Skewness and kurtosis distribution suggested complementary gene action with fewer number of segregating genes for PH in Cross 1, FW across all three cross combinations, TSW in Cross 1, and FPP in Cross 3. Duplicate gene action with fewer genes could be predicted for TSW in Cross 2 and Cross 3 while complementary gene action and a greater number of segregating genes were suggested for PH in Cross 2. Moderate-to-high narrow sense heritability was determined for all the characters suggesting phenotypic selection to be rewarding. Isolation of seven promising segregates based on the important yield attributers from three inter-specific hybrids in F₅ generation established the worth of advancing interspecific hybrids. This distinctive and novel breeding method offers exceptional potential for isolating superior tomato segregates through a targeted interspecific breeding programme.</p>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scanning electron microscopy reveals contrasting effects of liquid nitrogen on seeds of legumes Neonotonia wightii, Phaseolus vulgaris and Tamarindus indica","authors":"Yanier Acosta, Barbarita Companioni, Doris Escalante, Byron E. Zevallos–Bravo, Lisbet Pérez-Bonachea, Pawel Chmielarz, Elliosha Hajari, Christoph Neinhuis, Michael Melzer, José Carlos Lorenzo","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03703-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-024-03703-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cryopreservation remains the technology of choice for the long-term preservation of plant germplasm. The current contribution reports on the response of seeds of <i>N. wightii</i>, <i>P. vulgaris</i> and <i>T</i><i>. indica</i> to cryopreservation in terms of plantlet survival post cryostorage as well as examination of the external morphology of seed coats using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Survival was determined in Petri dishes in the laboratory as well as in the soil. The results showed differential responses in seeds of the three tested species. In the case of <i>P. vulgaris</i>, exposure to liquid nitrogen (LN) did not adversely affect seedling emergence or characteristics of the seed coat. For <i>N. wightii</i> and <i>T. indica</i>, cracks in the seed coat that were apparent in control seeds, appeared more frequently following exposure to LN. In the case of the former species, this observation did not yield adverse consequences and seed germination rate did actually increase from 5.8 to 85.9% after LN treatment. However, in the case of <i>T. indica</i>, the initial growth rate of seedlings was delayed relative to the control although the germination rate was improved. It is postulated that seeds of <i>T. indica</i> possibly incurred additional damage to other seed components which might have led to delayed recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel eco-friendly approach of combining vermicompost and effective microorganisms sustains wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) drought tolerance by modulating photosynthetic performance and nutrient acquisition","authors":"Neveen B. Talaat, Sameh A. M. Abdel-Salam","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03698-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-024-03698-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The most significant threat to global food security is water scarcity. Despite the fact that vermicompost (an effective organic fertilizer rich in humic substances, macro- and micro-nutrients, earthworm excretions, beneficial soil microbes, plant growth hormones, enzymes) and effective microorganisms (EM; photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes, fermenting fungi) have been recognized as powerful strategies for alleviating environmental stresses, their combined effect has not been studied. Herein, as a first investigation, we aimed to enhance wheat’s drought tolerance using an eco-friendly approach that combined vermicompost and EM. The study employed twelve treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments included control, as well as single and combined applications of vermicompost and EM at three different irrigation levels (100%, 70%, and 30% of field capacity). Vermicompost and EM, applied singly or in combination, ameliorated drought-induced reduction in wheat growth and productivity by elevating photosynthetic pigment content, photochemical processes, Calvin cycle enzyme activity, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry, actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, electron transport rate, photochemical quenching coefficient, and effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry. Additionally, adding vermicompost and/or EM improved wheat drought tolerance by increasing nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, copper) acquisition, roots’ ATP content, H⁺-pump activity, and membrane stability index while lowering hydrogen peroxide content, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage. The new evidence demonstrates that combining vermicompost with EM sustains wheat drought tolerance by regulating photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient acquisition, root H⁺-pump activity, and membrane stability. Overall, utilizing vermicompost/EM is a novel approach to improving plant physiological responses and overcoming drought-related challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in nonstructural carbohydrates and antioxidant metabolism in wheat leaf and spike under changing CO2 and nitrogen supply","authors":"Aneela Ulfat, Ali Aslam, Ansar Mehmood, Ambreen Wazarat","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03695-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-024-03695-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nonstructural carbohydrates and antioxidants affect the yield of any plant. In this study, changes in nonstructural carbohydrates and antioxidant metabolism in leaf and spike, as well as their effects on grain yield, were examined in relation to elevated CO₂ and nitrogen supply. For this, a wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) was grown at two levels of CO₂, i.e., ambient 400 ppm (T1) and elevated 800 ppm (T2), with two levels of nitrogen supply, i.e., 0 gN (N1) and 1 gN (N2). In the sink, elevated CO₂ and nitrogen caused a several-fold increase in glucose content. Fructose showed an increase of 53% and 60% in N₂ treatment under both carbon levels. At the same time, sucrose content decreased by 112% and 100% with an increase in nitrogen doses under 400 ppm and 800 ppm. Higher N decreased the superoxide dismutase activity at ambient CO₂, while higher N at elevated carbon levels increased the superoxide dismutase activity. Elevated CO₂ decreased the catalase activity, while the peroxidases activity increased. In the spike, catalase activity increased at a higher N level. Grain yield was significantly enhanced at elevated CO₂. The correlation analysis showed that catalase has a strong positive correlation with grain yield. The changes in nonstructural carbohydrates and antioxidant enzyme activities are associated with the altered leaf-spike relationship under N availability at high CO₂ levels, which could be a key factor contributing to variable yield. Differential response of nonstructural carbohydrates and antioxidant enzymes in leaf and spike is responsible for changes in grain yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive responses of Alternanthera tenella Colla. to cadmium stress through physiology, elemental allocation and morpho-anatomical modifications","authors":"Firdous Kottakunnu Abdulrahman, Vivek Padmanabhan Jayanthikumari, Neethu Kizhekkepurath, Resmi Mohankumar Saraladevi","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03700-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-024-03700-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Industrialization has accelerated the rate of heavy metal discharge into the environment and among trace metals, cadmium (Cd) gains attention due to its relative mobility from soil to plant and potential toxicity to humans. Phytoremediation is a plant-based, cost-effective approach to remediate the contaminated soil and water, and an attempt has been made in the present study to explore the potential of an invasive plant <i>Alternanthera tenella</i> for Cd removal. The physiological and morpho-anatomical modifications of plant tissues including the elemental allocation pattern and bioaccumulation potential were studied in response to 170 µM of Cd(NO₃)₂. Cd negatively affects the growth parameters, biomass, and photosynthetic efficacy of the plant. Cd treatment influenced the distribution of macro and microelements in the plant and the structural moieties in the biomolecules on the interaction of metal ions. Anatomical modifications included the alterations in the diameter and thickness of cell walls, especially xylem walls, the presence of cell structural distortions and blockage, and fully opened stomata with thick guard cells and depositions. Metabolites like proline, flavonoids, phenol, and malondialdehyde marked a significant increase in stress tolerance. Despite having a relatively low transfer factor (TF), <i>A. tenella</i> exhibits high values of biological concentration factor (BCF) and biological accumulation factor (BAF), suggesting its suitability for phytostabilization of Cd-contaminated environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization and comparative analysis of AtMYB42 and AtMYB85 promoters to gain insights into transcriptional regulation during development and hormonal induction","authors":"Shobha Yadav, Richa Shukla, Ekta Pokhriyal, Sandip Das","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03701-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-024-03701-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study was designed to functionally characterize the promoters associated with <i>At</i>MYB42, <i>At</i>MYB85, and <i>Bju</i>MYB85. These genes are well known to be involved in lignin synthesis via phenylpropanoids, which are crucial for secondary cell wall development. We previously reported the complete absence of homologs of MYB42 from <i>Brassica</i> species. Inspite of their known role in secondary cell wall development, detailed knowledge about <i>cis</i>-element and transcriptional regulation of <i>At</i>MYB42, <i>At</i>MYB85 and <i>BjMYB85</i> (<i>BjuA013029</i>) is lacking. It is therefore crucial investigating the transcriptional regulation of <i>At</i>MYB42, <i>At</i>MYB85, and <i>BjMYB85</i> (<i>BjuA013029</i>), analyze functional and regulatory conservation and divergence and address whether <i>BjMYB85</i> potentially compensates for the absence of <i>MYB42</i> homologs in <i>Brassica</i>. In silico analysis revealed differences in the promoter sequences but shared transcription factor-binding sites and motifs, suggesting a common <i>cis</i>-regulatory pathway. Functional characterization using transcriptional fusion constructs revealed tissue-specific expression patterns not only in the stem, as has been reported earlier, but also in anther walls and siliques where lignin deposition plays an important role in dehiscence. Hormone and stress responsiveness of these promoters were assessed in seedlings. The <i>At</i>MYB42 promoter displayed greater responsiveness to ethylene, cytokinin, and salicylic acid compared to <i>At</i>MYB85 and <i>BjuA013029</i>MYB85. Expression was observed in various tissues, including seedlings, anthers, and silique and leaf midribs. This study provides novel insights into the expression patterns of these promoters, shedding light on their roles in non-stem tissues and contributing to our understanding of secondary cell wall formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sargassum tenerrimum extract reduces Sclerotium rolfsii stem rot disease in peanut by modulating physio-biochemical responses","authors":"Sureshkumar Mesara, Dhanvi D. Akhyani, Parinita Agarwal, Doddabhimappa R. Gangapur, Pradeep K. Agarwal","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03697-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-024-03697-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peanut stem rot disease, caused by the necrotrophic soil-borne fungus <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i>, has a significant negative impact on crop yields. Chemical fungicides can mitigate the loss incurred by fungus, however, their usage raises environmental and human health concern. Seaweeds extracts are getting importance as bio-stimulant for improving growth and disease resistance in different plants. In the present study, we investigated the potential of <i>Sargassum tenerrimum</i> extract (S-extract) in controlling stem rot disease in peanuts. The foliar application of S-extract was applied at vegetative and reproductive stages on peanut plants to study plant growth and reduction of <i>S. rolfsii</i>-induced disease. Plant height, number of branches and branch length increased in S-extract treated plants (S) as compared to S-extract + <i>S. rolfsii</i> treated plants (S + F). Similarly, the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by application of S-extract. Pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids showed higher accumulation in S-extract treated plants. The increased membrane stability index and reduced electrolyte leakage in S and S + F plants, positively affected the health and biotic stress tolerance of the plants. S-extract reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O₂^•− and H₂O₂. Total phenol, soluble sugars and total amino acid accumulation were higher in S and S + F plants compared to C and F at vegetative stage. The mitigation of disease can be attributed to the application of S-extract leading to the elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants, osmolytes, and pigments. Therefore, S-extract represents an environmentally friendly resource that can be employed in sustainable agriculture practices to boost plant growth and enhance disease tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of plant growth regulators on mitigating water deficit stress in young yellow passion fruit plants","authors":"Raul Antonio Araújo do Bonfim, Paulo Araquém Ramos Cairo, Mateus Pires Barbosa, Leandro Dias da Silva, Milton Carriço Sá, Marcos Ferreira Almeida, Leonardo Santos de Oliveira, Sávio da Paz Brito, Fábio Pinto Gomes","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03694-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-024-03694-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water deficit significantly affects the growth and survival of young plants following transplantation. We performed morphophysiological and biochemical analyses on young yellow passion fruit (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> Sims) plants under well-watered and water-deficit irrigation regimes and pre-treated with three plant growth regulators (PGRs) application—an agrochemical composed of auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins; salicylic acid (SA); and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide donor—and a control group with no PGRs. Results showed significant damage by water restriction on biometric attributes; however, the application of PGRs mitigated these effects, reducing growth inhibition processes. In terms of water stress mitigation, differences were observed between PGRs, depending on the morphophysiological or biochemical characteristic. The effectiveness of SNP was higher than the other PGRs in preventing stomatal conductance reduction and maintaining CO₂ assimilation, while the agrochemical was the most effective in preventing photosynthetic pigments content decrease. All PGRs promoted osmoregulation in plants subjected to water deficit, thus helping to preserve cell turgor. Furthermore, PGRs application attenuated oxidative stress, either by increasing antioxidant enzymes activity, or by preventing or decreasing the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, thus preventing lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that the application of PGRs can be a useful strategy to improve young passion fruit plants tolerance to water restriction following transplantation. The multiple beneficial effects do not allow us to indicate the only one most effective PGR; however, a chemical constituents-related principal component analysis suggests that the agrochemical and SA are the most effective PGRs on mitigating water deficit stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined application of biochar and nanoparticles (silicon and boron) effectively reduced the metal toxicity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L)","authors":"Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03696-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-024-03696-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar and nanoparticles (NPs) are potential strategies for increasing plant yield and minimizing the negative effects of toxic metals on sweet basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L). The current study aims to reduce the access of toxic elements to the oil extracted from basil plants growing in polluted soils by biochar and NPS of silicon (Si) and boron (B). Sweet basil plants were grown in contaminated soil that contained cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) at concentrations of 58 and 800 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The experiment included two doses of biochar (0 and 1%, w/w) and four foliar combinations of Si and B nanoparticles at the dose of 100 mg L⁻¹ of Si and/or B. Cd and Pb availability were reduced by 44 and 48%, respectively, compared to the control. The soil pH raised significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) as a result of biochar addition. Furthermore, biochar addition at the dose of 1%, (w/w) caused a 14% increase in the soil organic matter. The highest growth parameters of basil plants were obtained from the biochar treatment with Si + B NPs foliar application. The treatment that was amended with biochar and sprayed with Si + B showed the greatest significant values of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) content in basil plants. The chlorophyll content of basil leaves rose along with the synthesis of proline and soluble carbohydrates after the addition of biochar to the polluted soil and Si + B spraying. Biochar minimized Cd in the leaf and oil by 48 and 49%, respectively, compared to the control, while Pb concentrations were reduced by 29 and 49%, respectively. The oil extracted from the basil plants grown in the soil amended with biochar contained 50–52 and 23–26 μg kg⁻¹ of Cd and Pb, respectively. Adding biochar to the contaminated soil increases the oil yield of sweet basil and reduces its content of toxic elements, while spraying the basil plant with silicon and boron nanoparticles increases the plant’s resistance to metal toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}