Acta Physiologiae Plantarum最新文献

{"title":"Eco-friendly herbicide tolerance in maize (Zea mays Linn.) using moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaf extract","authors":"Hameed Ullah Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Mudasar Aslam,&nbsp;Tahir Iqbal,&nbsp;Amana Khatoon,&nbsp;Muhammad Jamil,&nbsp;Shafiq Ur Rehman,&nbsp;Muhammad Nauman Khan,&nbsp;Majid Iqbal,&nbsp;Alevcan Kaplan,&nbsp;Sarah Abdul Razak,&nbsp;Baber Ali,&nbsp;Muhammad Siddique Afridi,&nbsp;Sozan Abdel Hamed,&nbsp;Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03797-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03797-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herbicides are often used in modern agriculture to control weed growth. Uneducated farmers often use herbicides in excessive quantities as recommended by local shopkeepers. These excessive not only harm crops but also negatively impact the growth of non-target plants. The present research was performed to evaluate the adverse effects of low (0.5%), recommended (1%), and high (2 and 4%) atrazine herbicide concentrations on morphological, biochemical, and anatomical growth parameters of maize plants without and with moringa leaf extract. High doses of atrazine herbicide significantly reduced seed germination, shoot/root length, and fresh weight of maize plants. The biochemical results revealed that the levels of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids were significantly reduced, while the levels of total phenolic and 1.1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) were increased in the maize seedlings. Moringa leaf extract effectively mitigated the severe effects of atrazine concentrations on maize growth traits, including morphological (e.g., shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight), physicochemical (e.g., photosynthetic pigment content, phenolic content, total antioxidant activity), and anatomical (e.g., area of leaf vascular bundles, phloem and collenchyma tissue, xylem diameter) parameters. These results suggested that higher doses of atrazine herbicide negatively affect maize growth, while moringa leaf extract can mitigate the toxic effects of the atrazine herbicide at high concentrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide characterization of U-box family and their expression profiling with abiotic stress treatment in Populus alba","authors":"Xuan Liu,&nbsp;Ruotong Jing,&nbsp;Liang Du","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03790-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03790-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant U-box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligases are implicated in diverse plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, research on PUB genes in poplar remains limited. In the present work, we conducted comprehensive analysis of the U-box gene family in poplar, investigating molecular physiochemical properties, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, gene tissue specific expression patterns, and gene expression profiles under abiotic stress. A total of 87 PUBs were identified and categorized into seven groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of gene structure and protein domain revealed that all members possess a typical U-box domain, but variations exist in gene structure and conserved motifs among different groups. Analysis of promoter and tissue specific gene expression demonstrated that PUBs are extensively associated with plant growth, development, and abiotic stress response. Expression profile analysis of seven representative PUBs revealed that they exhibited specific responses to hormone and polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatments. Together, we conducted thorough analysis of the molecular features of poplar PUB family members and their transcriptional responses to abiotic stress, laying groundwork for in-depth exploration of their regulatory role in poplar growth and stress response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy detects changes in macromolecules of banana (Musa spp.) in vitro under cadmium toxicity, modulated by iron and zinc application","authors":"Marwa T. El-Mahdy,&nbsp;Dalia A. Abdel-Wahab,&nbsp;Doaa S. Elazab","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03796-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03796-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread and strongly toxic environmental pollutant. In this study, the interaction between Cd and essential nutritional metals, such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), was investigated in banana plants (<i>Musa</i> spp. cultivar Grand Nain), cultured in vitro, using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and physiological analysis. Plantlets were treated in vitro with Fe and Zn (200 and 500 mg/L) under 500 mg/L Cd exposure. The results showed that Cd toxicity increased Cd uptake and raised % of damage. However, Fe and Zn addition ameliorated the negative impact of Cd stress by reducing Cd and enhancing Fe, Zn, P, and K contents. The FT-IR analysis showed alterations within the bands correlated to the foremost macromolecules in plants under Cd stress and its interactions with Fe or Zn. The peaks of some functional groups at 3381.7 cm⁻¹ for carbohydrates, proteins, alcohols, and phenolic compounds, 2922.02 cm⁻¹ for lipids, 1643.97 cm⁻¹ for amide I, 1517.46 cm⁻¹ for amide II, 1057.63 cm⁻¹ for cellulose and hemicellulose, and 616.94 cm⁻¹ for aromatic compounds were negatively shifted by Cd stress. However, Fe and Zn regulated transmittance and intensity of these bands, showing improved tolerance to Cd. Moreover, Fe and Zn modulated the total antioxidants and enzymatic antioxidant activities for catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. The study concluded that the nutrition with Fe and Zn enhanced banana tolerance against Cd toxicity. It also highlighted the powerful role of FT-IR in understanding the mechanisms involved in minimizing Cd toxicity in banana shoots under Fe and Zn.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytes and soil microorganisms participate in the germination of Sinojackia xylocarpa Hu by degrading the pericarp","authors":"Zi-Hao Li,&nbsp;Xin-Yi Ma,&nbsp;Huan Yang,&nbsp;Run-Guo Zang,&nbsp;Jia-Ru Li","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03794-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03794-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Sinojackia xylocarpa</i> is a rare endemic genus in China, and is endangered in their wild habitats. For endangered rare species, sexual propagation is significant for the protection of genetic diversity and restoration of wild population. Especially for <i>S</i>. <i>xylocarpa</i>, the artificially cultivated population is expanded by vegetative propagation, which could lead to a lack of diversity. The seeds of <i>S</i>. <i>xylocarpa</i> require stratification to germinate, during which the hard pericarp becomes soft, and endophytes and soil microorganisms are considered to be involved in the process. Amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the changes in microbial community structure and the role of microorganisms in pericarp degradation. Analyses of pericarp from fresh and stratified seeds of different stages revealed that the abundance of endophytic bacteria in pericarp presented an overall increasing trend during the stratification process; endophytic bacteria in stratified pericarp produce β-glucosidase to participate in the degradation of the pericarp. Soil fungal diversity analyses of different stages showed that the highest levels of the two samples of fungi function clustering is saprophytic in nutritional type; guild model also indicated that wooden saprophytic fungi abundance increased obviously; further the effect of degrading pericarp of four strains isolated from stratified pericarp are confirmed. The above results indicate that soil fungi are involved in degradation. The potential of microorganisms to break seed dormancy has been applied to endangered plants that face difficulties in germination, especially in their natural habitats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome analysis, identification, and expression analysis of nitrogen and potassium responsive genes in cassava","authors":"Swathy Sivan,&nbsp;Senthilkumar K. Muthusamy,&nbsp;M. N. Sheela,&nbsp;K. Arya,&nbsp;B. S. Revathi,&nbsp;P. V. Abhilash,&nbsp;R. S. Neethu,&nbsp;A. Pooja,&nbsp;B. S. Prakash Krishnan","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03783-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03783-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cassava is an important staple food for millions, but its growth is often hindered by poor soil quality and limited access to fertilizers. Efficient utilization of nutrients is essential to maximize the yield and nutritional value of cassava while minimizing resource use and environmental adverse impacts. Thus, identification of nutrient-responsive genotypes as well as genes that govern/regulate nutrient use efficiency is highly imperative to breed nutrient-efficient genotypes to enhance the productivity and resilience of cassava. In this study, we studied the performance of thirty genetically diverse cassava genotypes in the field with low availability of nitrogen (N) and insufficient exchangeable potassium (K) and identified two high N responsive genotypes, 17S36 and 15S409; two low N responsive genotypes, Kumkumrose and Export kappa; two high K responsive genotypes, Ambakkadan and Karutha malabar and two low K responsive genotypes, 17S143 and 16-5. Also, genome-wide analysis resulted in the identification of 39 N-responsive and 22 K-responsive candidate genes with diverse functional groups, including transporter, transcription factors, transferase, kinase, and permease in cassava. Meta-analysis of RNA-seq datasets of 11 cassava tissues revealed constitutive and tissue-specific expression of N-responsive and K-responsive genes. Five N responsive genes <i>MeNRT1, MeNRT3, MeNLP1, MeGPT2</i> and <i>MeTAR2</i>, displayed enhanced expression in the high N efficient genotypes, 17S36 and 15S409 in comparison with the low N responsive genotypes, Kumkumrose and Export kappa, whereas three K responsive genes, viz., <i>MeKUP3, MeKUP4,</i> and <i>MeKUP8,</i> displayed enhanced expression in the high K efficient genotypes, Ambakkadan and Karutha malabar in comparison with the low K responsive genotypes, 17S143 and 16-5 under nutrient-deprived conditions. Allele mining analysis showed the presence of allelic variations in <i>NRT3,</i> whereas no sequence differences at the allelic level were observed for the <i>AMT1</i> gene among the genotypes 15S409 and Export Kappa. Thus, our comprehensive analysis unravels the genetic complexity of N responsive and K responsive genes in cassava and provides the basis for the selection of genotypes and candidate genes for further functional analysis and breeding for the development of N responsive and K responsive genotypes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen availability affects the ecophysiological responses of amur linden and white birch to CO2 and temperature","authors":"Jinping Zheng,&nbsp;Gerong Wang,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Qing-Lai Dang","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03791-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03791-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change, e.g., elevated CO₂, warmer temperature, and nitrogen (N) deposition, can have substantial effects on tree physiology and growth. This study explored the effects of future CO₂ and temperature (fCT, representative of future climate conditions) on the growth and photosynthetic traits of amur linden and white birch seedlings under different N availability. The results showed that fCT significantly increased the total seedling biomass and total seedling leaf area of amur linden and white birch synergistically with increasing nitrogen supply. However, the specific leaf area (leaf area to leaf mass ratio) of amur linden was significantly reduced by the two treatments. Increases in N availability alleviated the photosynthetic downregulation associated with fCT as indicated by the photosynthetic capacity parameters of <i>V</i>_<i>cmax</i> and <i>J</i>_<i>max</i>. Our results indicate that the primary limitation of photosynthesis under fCT in the two species will likely shift from Rubisco carboxylation to RuBP regeneration. However, the rate of photosynthesis was significantly higher under the fCT than control conditions in amur linden but was not significantly different between the two treatment conditions in white birch, indicating that the photosynthetic downregulation completely offset the positive effect of increased CO₂ on photosynthesis in white birch. Our results suggest that the relative performance and competitiveness of the two species may be very different in future, and more detailed studies are warranted on the responses of the two species to climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11738-025-03791-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pyruvate kinase gene family in soybean: genome-wide investigation and expression profiling","authors":"Xiangbo Duan,&nbsp;Yanang Xu,&nbsp;Ke Zhang,&nbsp;Zhouli Liu,&nbsp;Yang Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03792-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03792-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the last glycolytic reaction to produce ATP and pyruvate, providing energy and intermediates for numerous biological processes. While the functions of Arabidopsis and rice PKs have been reported, little is known about this gene family in soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>). Herein, an in-silico genome wide scan revealed the presence of 21 <i>PK</i> genes in soybean, which were distributed in 11 chromosomes, and were classified into cytosolic and plastidial subfamilies (PKc and PKp) based on phylogenetic analysis. Collinearity analysis indicated that gene duplication contributed largely to the expansion of <i>GmPK</i> gene family and further Ka/Ks calculation suggested that this family experienced strong purifying selection during evolution. All GmPKs contain the conserved PK domain but the two subfamilies show distinct conserved motif composition and exon–intron organization. Gene ontology analysis and subcellular localization implied that seven GmPKs might function in plastid, while the rest function in cytoplasm. According to expression profile analysis, different <i>GmPKcs</i> were found highly expressed in seed, roots, or leaves, but <i>GmPKps</i> were mainly expressed in soybean seed. Abiotic stress responsive <i>cis</i>-acting elements were discovered on the promoters of <i>GmPKs</i>. Correspondingly, different <i>GmPKs</i> were found responsive to abiotic stresses, especially submergence stress. All these findings facilitated our understanding of soybean <i>PK</i> gene family, and established a foundation for further studies on the biological functions of GmPKs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11738-025-03792-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt stress alleviation in peanut through calcium supplementation","authors":"Anchal Singh,&nbsp;Sushmita Singh,&nbsp;Kiran K. Reddy,&nbsp;Anuj K. Singh,&nbsp;Kamal Krishna Pal,&nbsp;Rinku Dey,&nbsp;Eugenia P. Lal","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03793-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03793-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peanut, being moderately salt sensitive, requires efficient management strategies to endure salt stress. A pot experiment was envisaged to evaluate the effect of exogenous calcium chloride (CaCl₂) on the underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms in peanut during salinity stress. Salinity-induced membrane destabilization significantly increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide) accumulation with susceptible cultivars (TG 37A and GJG 31) experiencing greater oxidative stress. There was a significant reduction in leaf stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate (P_<i>N</i>), concomitant with the decrease in shoot and root potassium (K⁺) and shoot calcium (Ca²⁺) concentrations due to greater accumulation of sodium (Na⁺). The salt stress alleviating potential of calcium was exhibited by a significant increase in shoot K⁺/ Na⁺ ratio along with elevated Ca²⁺ concentrations, which aided in restricting Na⁺ accumulation in roots and shoots of calcium-treated, salt-stressed cultivars. This ionic homeostasis was accompanied with a significant increase in membrane stability index with reduced TBARS and H₂O₂ accumulation, ROS detoxification through elevated total antioxidant activity and increased osmoregulatory compounds such as proline, total phenols and soluble sugars in calcium-treated salt-stressed plants compared to control. The improved pigment retention, stomatal conductance and ionic balance contributed to a significant increase in P_<i>N</i>, which was also reflected in the improved yield attributes of the peanut cultivars. Thus, the foliar application of CaCl₂ offers a promising approach to alleviate the adverse impact of salt stress in peanut, particularly at 4 dSm⁻¹, which otherwise imposes severe yield losses in the crop.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic and inorganic amendments improved the morpho-physiological and nutritional status of moringa (Moringa oleifera) genotypes","authors":"Madeeha kauser,&nbsp;Ejaz Ahmad Waraich,&nbsp;Hafeez ur Rehman,&nbsp;Muhammad Anwar ul Haq","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03771-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03771-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Overuse of synthetic fertilizer affects the nutritious quality of moringa (<i>Moringa oleifera</i>) and environmental pollution. Moringa, a miracle tree, is classified as an important herbal plant due to its immense medicinal and non-medicinal benefits. However, organic amendments in the soil can improve the growth and nutritious status of <i>M. oleifera</i> plants on a sustainable basis. The study evaluated the effects of organic and inorganic amendments on <i>M. oleifera</i> genotypes’ physico-chemical and nutritious values. Results revealed that organic and inorganic amendments showed a significant effect on plant growth, water relations, gas exchange, and nutritious attributes in <i>M. oleifera</i> genotypes, while the maximum effect was observed when these amendments were applied in combination with BCRF₅₀ (50% RF + <i>Bacillus</i> + Compost). The applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers improved the plant growth parameters as plant height was improved by 36% under different soil amendments as compared to CTRL and maximum plant height was observed when RF, <i>Bacillus</i>, and compost were applied in a combination at BCRF₅₀ (50% RF + <i>Bacillus</i> + Compost). Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, and relative water content increased by 13, 29, 19, and 18%, respectively, under different organic and inorganic amendments compared to CTRL. Biochemical attributes chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total soluble proteins, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase increased by 49, 50, 48, 48, 44, and 50%, respectively, under different organic and inorganic amendments as compared to CTRL and maximum improvement was observed when RF, <i>Bacillus</i>, and compost were applied in a combination at BCRF₅₀ (50% RF + <i>Bacillus</i> + Compost). Nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorous, and zinc increased by 80, 30, and 92%, respectively in <i>M. oleifera</i> leaves under different amendments. Among different genotypes, <i>M. oleifera</i> genotype GNK outclassed other genotypes due to its better genetic potential and better utilization of resources under different organic and inorganic amendments. The combination of RF, <i>Bacillus</i>, and compost at BCRF50 significantly enhances the nutritional value of <i>M. oleifera</i> by enhancing chlorophyll content, water relations, gas exchange parameters, osmolyte production, and antioxidant activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11738-025-03771-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and molecular characterization of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and their expression analysis in wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.) during leaf rust infection","authors":"Maria Adhikary,&nbsp;Prashanta Kumar Deb,&nbsp;Biswatrish Sarkar,&nbsp;Shailendra Kumar Jha,&nbsp;Manish Kumar,&nbsp;Kunal Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03788-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03788-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is a major staple food worldwide. <i>Puccinia triticina</i> forms infectious urediniospores causing leaf rust disease in bread wheat leading to an annual yield loss of ~ 15% globally. Evolution of new virulent strains and ability of urediniospores to traverse long distances in air pose a challenge on the prevailing leaf rust control techniques. Therefore, significant knowledge is required about the genes in wheat plants that can restrict disease development. Contemporary studies indicate that flavonoid biosynthetic genes are involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation, growth, responses to environmental stimuli, and signal transduction. We were able to identify flavonoids like apigenin and luteolin that were synthesized in wheat plants only after leaf rust infection In silico identification of contigs from four SOLiD-SAGE libraries and their functional annotation depicted the involvement of secondary metabolism pathways in retort to the disease development. The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway was discerned through KEGG mapping of the identified contigs and the key genes like <i>Chalcone synthase</i>, <i>Flavanone 3-dioxygenase</i>, and <i>Anthocyanidin synthase</i> were characterized. Expression analysis of these genes at varied time points post-pathogen infection on both resistant and susceptible wheat Near-Isogenic Lines revealed their association with development, metabolism, and defense response regulation. Expression of these genes decreased significantly during pathogenesis in susceptible wheat plants compared to the resistant plants, indicating the transition in expression of flavonol accumulation possibly to combat leaf rust disease progression. Consequently, this study focuses on investigating flavonoid biosynthetic genes in wheat and their response during leaf-rust pathogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}