Materials and Structures最新文献_第3页

Non-destructive lab-scale monitoring of carbonation propagation in cementitious systems using the measurement of intrinsic electrical property

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02576-2

Arezou Babaahmadi, Luping Tang, Liming Huang, Sahar Iftikhar, Ingemar Löfgren

{"title":"Non-destructive lab-scale monitoring of carbonation propagation in cementitious systems using the measurement of intrinsic electrical property","authors":"Arezou Babaahmadi, Luping Tang, Liming Huang, Sahar Iftikhar, Ingemar Löfgren","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02576-2","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02576-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monitoring carbonation in concrete is crucial for assessing the long-term durability of structures, particularly as sustainability efforts increasingly incorporate supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to reduce clinker content. While beneficial, SCMs alter the pore structure and pore solution chemistry, necessitating advanced methods to evaluate carbonation progression. Traditional techniques, such as splitting specimens and using pH indicators like phenolphthalein to detect changes in alkalinity, are destructive and primarily designed for ordinary Portland cement (OPC), limiting their effectiveness for SCM-incorporated systems. This paper presents the development of a novel lab-scale carbonation monitoring method based on conductivity measurements in the cementitious matrix. The proposed method examines how carbonation impacts the electrical conductivity of concrete, enabling in-situ monitoring of carbonation propagation in mortar specimens using mini-sensors embedded within the material. These mini-sensors consist of 10 sets of stainless steel 4-point Winner electrodes, spaced 2.54 mm apart, ensuring accurate conductivity measurements. By strategically placing these mini-sensors within the cementitious matrix, real-time measurements can be carried out, allowing for continuous monitoring of carbonation progression. The method provides new insights into how carbonation impacts the electrical properties of concrete, revealing dynamic changes such as a distinct peaking behavior in conductivity at the reactive carbonation front. This feature enables identification of partial carbonation front, which traditional colorimetric methods cannot detect. The results validate the method's effectiveness for OPC system and indicate its applicability when SCMs are incorporated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02576-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental evaluation of size effect on the fracture response of glass textile reinforced concrete

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02584-2

Ramakrishna Samanthula, Ravindra Gettu, Sachin Paul

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of size effect on the fracture response of glass textile reinforced concrete","authors":"Ramakrishna Samanthula, Ravindra Gettu, Sachin Paul","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02584-2","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02584-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) is a strain-hardening cementitious composite that integrates bi-directional fabric reinforcement within a fine-grained concrete matrix, enabling the development of thin, lightweight structural and non-structural systems. This study investigates the influence of specimen thickness on the uniaxial tensile behaviour of TRC panels, using panels of varying thicknesses—10, 20, and 40 mm, reinforced with coated E-glass textiles. Two sets of TRC panels were analysed: (i) panels with a constant reinforcement ratio and (ii) panels with the same number of textile layers. The displacement and cracking behaviour including crack patterns, spacing, and openings at different strain levels, were assessed using axial extensometers and 2D Digital Image Correlation. The findings reveal a reduction in the first-crack stress with increasing panel thickness, which is consistent with the Weibull model. Additionally, a decrease in ultimate stress and textile efficiency is observed in larger panels though the reinforcement ratio is constant. Such reduction is attributed to a shift in failure mechanisms, from textile fracture to extensive debonding in some of the specimens, as the number of reinforcement layers increases, possibly due to the increase in defects with larger interface (bond) area. Thinner panels exhibit higher crack density, reduced crack spacing, and finer crack widths, at comparable strain levels. For the same number of layers, thicker panels experience wider cracks at a given nominal strain; longer yarn lengths that bridge the cracks are mobilised leading to a Weibull-type size effect, which reduces the load-carrying capacity of the textiles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of RAP as recycled aggregate on durability-related parameters of structural concrete

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02582-4

Nicoletta Russo, Andrea Filippi, Maddalena Carsana, Federica Lollini, Elena Redaelli

{"title":"Impact of RAP as recycled aggregate on durability-related parameters of structural concrete","authors":"Nicoletta Russo, Andrea Filippi, Maddalena Carsana, Federica Lollini, Elena Redaelli","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02582-4","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02582-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In view of promoting the recycling of construction and demolition waste, the re-utilization of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as aggregate in structural concrete has been recently proposed and investigated. Although many studies are available on the physical and mechanical characterisation of concrete containing RAP, little is still known about how medium- to long-term durability performances are affected by the partial or total replacement of natural aggregates with RAP aggregate. In this experimental study, several durability-related properties were assessed, with the aim of investigating the possible use of RAP as partial or total replacement of natural aggregates for reinforced concrete applications. In particular, concretes were obtained with increasing RAP contents (from reference mixtures with natural aggregate only, to complete substitution with RAP aggregate), two different cement types (Portland-limestone and pozzolanic), and two water/cement ratios (0.45 and 0.65), representative of two exposure classes for chloride and carbonation induced corrosion. Water sorptivity through capillary suction and water absorption were investigated, together with the resistance to the penetration of carbonation, both under accelerated and natural exposure, and the resistance to the penetration of chlorides, under natural diffusion. Relationships between physical and mechanical properties, such as total open porosity and compressive strength, and durability-related properties were also investigated. Results showed that sorptivity experienced a neat decrease for increasing RAP contents, due to the hydrophobic nature of RAP aggregate, while water absorption was less affected. Resistance to the penetration of carbonation and chlorides were both more clearly affected by other mix design variables, such as w/c ratio and cement type, rather than RAP content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02582-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heavy metals stabilization in lead zinc mine tailings by using mechanical, mechano-chemical, and microwave oven activation; tailing waste utilization in building materials

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-024-02567-9

Karim Nawaz, Guangwei Yu, Muhammad Noman, Fang Jintao, Wisal Ahmad

{"title":"Heavy metals stabilization in lead zinc mine tailings by using mechanical, mechano-chemical, and microwave oven activation; tailing waste utilization in building materials","authors":"Karim Nawaz, Guangwei Yu, Muhammad Noman, Fang Jintao, Wisal Ahmad","doi":"10.1617/s11527-024-02567-9","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-024-02567-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lead–zinc mine tailings are hazardous waste that is produced by mining activities. Poor tailings management can lead to heavy metals leaching into the groundwater or surrounding environment if not properly managed. In this study, lead zinc mine tailings were treated using several activation methods to stabilize their heavy metals. Thus, in this study, several activation methods like mechanical, mechano-chemical, and microwave oven activation were applied to stabilize the heavy metals and reuse them effectively in construction. Toxicity-characteristic leaching procedures were performed to analyze the leaching concentration based on USEPA standard limits. A modified sequential extraction procedure (BCR) was used to determine the detailed distribution of heavy metals. 20% of tailings were replaced with cement. Tailings aggregates used in construction reduce the cost of construction and minimize the emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> to the environment as cement consumption is reduced. Characterizations supported the stabilized structure of concrete after activation methods were applied. Overall, it was concluded that activation methods can treat tailings powders and make them suitable for safe utilization in construction. Mechanical activation (200 rpm), mechano-chemical-activation (Graphene Oxide, 0.03%), and microwave oven activation (high power) for 40 minutes was selected for successful applications for concrete based on tailings due to their better-stabilizing effects and cementous properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Populus tremuloides (Michx) mechanical characteristics for glulam production

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02585-1

Oscar Eric Gabriel Legrais, Pierre Blanchet, Clément Boudaud, Antoine Cogulet, João Vítor Felippe Silva

{"title":"Assessment of Populus tremuloides (Michx) mechanical characteristics for glulam production","authors":"Oscar Eric Gabriel Legrais, Pierre Blanchet, Clément Boudaud, Antoine Cogulet, João Vítor Felippe Silva","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02585-1","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02585-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This project aimed to document the mechanical properties, the bonding, and joint performance of trembling aspen to improve its use in Engineered wood products. It also aimed to study the bending characteristic and investigate the failure behavior of full-size beams made of trembling aspen. Non-destructive and destructive tests were conducted on lamellae of trembling aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i> Michx) following the ASTM D198. Full-size beams were manufactured following the manufacturing principles outlined in the CSA-O122, the standard for glulam production in Canada, to evaluate the performance of finger jointing, block-shear and delamination, and to establish the glulam's bending strength. Mechanical tests on trembling aspen assessed a 5th percentile value of 13.8 MPa in tension, and 40.9 MPa in bending with a mean modulus of elasticity of 10,343 MPa. The relationship between dynamic and static modulus of elasticity was analyzed and showed a strong correlation, with low relative error, and its feasibility for machine stress rating. The test conducted on the finger joint shows a characteristic value of bending strength of 31.8 MPa. The block-shear and delamination align with the requirement from the standards CSA-O122. The investigation of the bending performance on the glulam made of trembling aspen achieved a mean strength resistance of 30.3 MPa, once modified to be compared with the values from the standard, is lower than the MOR value required from the standard. In addition to the mean modulus of elasticity determined of 9013 MPa, it is also lower than the value from the standard.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phase diagrams for Portland cement-slag-fly ash ternary cements

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02572-6

Aron Berhanu Degefa, Solmoi Park

引用次数: 0

Mechanical characteristics of controlled low-strength materials (CLSM) activated with alkaline solution

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02580-6

Osman Okuyucu, Suraj D. Khadka, Sanjaya Senadheera, Priyantha W. Jayawickrama

{"title":"Mechanical characteristics of controlled low-strength materials (CLSM) activated with alkaline solution","authors":"Osman Okuyucu, Suraj D. Khadka, Sanjaya Senadheera, Priyantha W. Jayawickrama","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02580-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02580-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM) modified with Alkali Activated Solution (AAS), synthesized by combining NaOH and Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> in a 1:3.29 weight ratio. The study evaluates the flowability, compressive strength, elastic modulus, and tensile strength of conventional CLSM mixes across different water-to-cementitious material ratios (w/cm), humidity levels, and curing periods. These properties are then compared with modified CLSM mixes produced by partially substituting cement in the mix with AAS. The results indicate that AAS modification enhances flowability and significantly improves both early and long-term compressive strength compared to unmodified mixes. The authors performed Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis to evaluate the microstructural characteristics of both control and modified mixes. Microscopic analysis reveals the formation of unique tubular crystal zeolitic structures in modified mixes, contributing to their improved mechanical properties. However, the study also highlights challenges associated with shrinkage and cracking, particularly under low relative humidity curing conditions. These findings provide valuable insights into the efficacy of AAS modification for enhancing the performance of CLSM mixes and underscore the importance of considering both mechanical and microstructural aspects in the mix design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Degradation and mechanical properties of concrete made with metallurgical sludge waste in long-term

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02581-5

Marie Horňáková, Jan Pizoń, Jacek Gołaszewski, Petr Lehner

引用次数: 0

Investigation on void connectivity characteristics of steel slag asphalt mixture subjected to dry–wet cycles and microwave heating utilizing computed tomography technology

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02578-0

Bowen Guan, Xuanhao Cao, Aipeng Wang, Hua Zhao, Zhenqing He

{"title":"Investigation on void connectivity characteristics of steel slag asphalt mixture subjected to dry–wet cycles and microwave heating utilizing computed tomography technology","authors":"Bowen Guan, Xuanhao Cao, Aipeng Wang, Hua Zhao, Zhenqing He","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02578-0","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02578-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The moisture infiltration and transmission processes within the pore structure of asphalt mixtures subjected to wet-dry cycling significantly impair their resistance to water damage, making it essential to investigate the effects on the connectivity characteristics of the pores and assess the reparative effects of microwave heating. Computed Tomography (CT) scanning technology was utilized alongside a void network model to investigate the impact of microwave heating on these mixtures under dry–wet cycles. Parameters such as coordination number, void length, and fractal dimension were analyzed to explore how microwave heating altered microscale void connectivity. It was found that the dense-graded asphalt mixture (AC-13) exhibited relatively weak connectivity, which was slightly enhanced in the stone mastic asphalt (SMA-13), while open graded friction course (OGFC-13) displayed the strongest connectivity, particularly in the intermediate layer, facilitating moisture and air flow. Significant increases in coordination numbers and fractal dimensions were observed during dry–wet cycles, with the largest changes noted for OGFC-13. Microwave heating resulted in a reduction of the total coordination number and average coordination number, with increases of 14.8%, 27.6%, and 43.4% over the initial values, respectively. The self-healing effect was significantly enhanced by microwave heating, especially pronounced in OGFC-13, where the standard deviation of void throat length decreased from 6.2961 to 5.2614 mm. The self-healing effect was manifested in the mixtures as a promotion of reduced void throat length and structural densification. Additionally, the characteristics exhibited following microwave heating, particularly the reduced pore throat length and fractal dimension, highlighted the necessity of selecting OGFC-13 type steel slag asphalt mixtures with enhanced microwave heating self-repair potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing fatigue resistance and low-temperature performance of asphalt pavements using antioxidant additives 使用抗氧化添加剂提高沥青路面的抗疲劳性能和低温性能

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02574-4

Yongping Hu, Xu Cheng, Anand Sreeram, Wei Si, Bo Li, Georgios Pipintakos, Gordon D. Airey

{"title":"Enhancing fatigue resistance and low-temperature performance of asphalt pavements using antioxidant additives","authors":"Yongping Hu, Xu Cheng, Anand Sreeram, Wei Si, Bo Li, Georgios Pipintakos, Gordon D. Airey","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02574-4","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02574-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ageing results in significant performance deterioration of asphalt, especially in relation to its fatigue and low-temperature performance. This performance deterioration can theoretically be lowered by incorporating antioxidants in asphalt mixtures. Although there are several promising studies that have shown the potential efficacy of antioxidants such as zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDC), no work has comprehensively evaluated its performance. In this regard, ZDC was employed to evaluate its effect as an antioxidant to slow down the ageing related performance deterioration of bitumen and asphalt mixtures. Both ZDC-modified (3% and 5%) and unmodified bitumen and asphalt mixtures were subjected to short-term and long-term ageing. Afterwards, linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests and low-temperature frequency sweep tests were carried out on the bitumen samples using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Four-point bending (4PB) fatigue tests were carried out at 25 °C, and indirect tensile asphalt cracking tests (IDEAL-CT) were carried out at 25 °C and −10 °C on the various asphalt mixtures. It was seen that properties of long-term aged bitumen and asphalt mixtures measured at low temperature and intermediate temperature could be improved by 13–69% for mixtures and 1–44% for bitumen with the addition of ZDC, compared to the unmodified samples. The ageing-mitigation efficiency of ZDC was more pronounced for the low-temperature performance-based metrics since its performance deterioration rate was significantly reduced. Overall, a comprehensive performance evaluation of the effectiveness of antioxidants at different scales provided robust evidence for the potential extension of this technology to field trials and application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02574-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0