Materials and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Comparative study of bio-additives’ performance in lime-based mortars","authors":"P. Kampragkou,&nbsp;M. Stefanidou","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03227-w","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03227-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the influence of different bio-additives on the performance of lime–pozzolan mortars, considering the combined effects of material type, morphology, and modification techniques. Black pine wood fibers (natural, hydrothermally treated, or chemically modified with siloxane or nano-silica–modified siloxane), black pine wood powder, rice husk fibers, and pine tree resin were incorporated individually and in hybrid systems to evaluate their impact on both fresh and hardened properties (physical, mechanical, and hygrothermal) of the final composites after 90 days of curing. In all cases, the bio-addition rate was kept constant at 1.5% v/v for fiber and powder inclusions, and 1.5% w/w for resin-based systems. The incorporation of bio-additives resulted in lighter mortars with reduced capillary water absorption and improved hygrothermal performance, enhancing both thermal insulation and moisture regulation. These effects were inferred to be associated with modifications in pore structure characteristics, including pore size distribution and connectivity, based on the observed transport behavior results, since direct pore characterization techniques were not performed. Pine tree resin exhibited a distinct behavior, significantly reducing thermal conductivity and capillary absorption while maintaining adequate vapour permeability. Although a general reduction in mechanical strength was observed, fiber-reinforced mortars demonstrated improved post-cracking behavior due to crack-bridging mechanisms. Hydrothermal treatment enhanced the mechanical performance of wood fibers, while nano-silica–siloxane treatment improved both thermal performance and post-cracking response. The results underlined the importance of a combined evaluation of bio-material characteristics and their influence on the performance of bio-reinforced mortars. At the same time, they demonstrated the potential of these materials as rendering mortars, repair plasters, repointing mortars, and non-structural conservation materials for historic masonry, provided that compatibility with the original substrate is verified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03227-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-strength geopolymer concrete by complete replacement of sodium silicate using sugarcane bagasse ash and sodium hydroxide","authors":"Madhuranya Muralitharan,&nbsp;Chaminda Gallage,&nbsp;David Thambiratnam,&nbsp;Hossein Derakhshan","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03217-y","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03217-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional geopolymer concrete (CGPC) includes sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃), whose production is associated with relatively high energy consumption and CO₂ emissions. This study investigates the potential use of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as a sustainable replacement for sodium silicate. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB), an important Queensland agricultural by product, is often under-utilised, with factory-burnt SCB typically dumped or used as low-quality fertiliser. In this research, factory-burnt SCB, was processed into SCBA, and employed to create an alkaline activator (AA). Suitable furnace-treatment conditions were first determined to valorise the factory-burnt SCB through characterisation studies such as Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and Thermogravimetric analysis. Results show a notable increase in overall silica content of SCBA from 78 to 84% and enhanced thermal stability. Three trials were conducted to explore the viability of SCBA-based AA in greener concrete: Trial 1 and 2 were carried out to investigate the incorporation of SCBA-based AA in, respectively, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS)-based and Fly Ash (FA)-based GPC. On completion of the two trials, Trial 3 was conducted to explore the potential for strength improvement using a superplasticiser to reduce water content. SCBA-based GPC achieved compressive strengths between 3 and 5 MPa, indicating its potential for low-strength concrete applications. Moreover, the cradle-to-gate approach indicated a 10% to 30% reduction in carbon footprint, depending on transport considerations. The resulting SGPC shows potential for non-structural applications such as masonry units with significantly lowered embodied carbon compared to CGPC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03217-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of NaOH-treated pine needle fibres on the performance of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) mortar","authors":"Rahul Prashar,&nbsp;Roop Kishor,&nbsp;Arya Anuj Jee","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03230-1","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03230-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high carbon footprint of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) has driven the development of sustainable alternatives such as limestone calcined clay cement (LC³). This study investigates the mechanical and microstructural performance of LC³ mortar reinforced with NaOH-treated pine needle fibres, an abundant bio-waste material. Fibres were treated with 2%, 4%, and 5% NaOH solutions for 1–3 h, with optimum performance achieved at 2% NaOH for 3 h, 4% NaOH for 3 h, and 5% NaOH for 2 h due to enhanced surface roughness and removal of amorphous components. The treated fibres were incorporated into LC³ mortar at dosages of 0.5–2% by weight of binder. Mechanical properties were evaluated at 7, 28, and 54 days, while microstructural characteristics were analysed using SEM and XRD. Results indicate that LC³ mortar exhibited superior long-term strength compared to OPC due to enhanced pozzolanic reactions and filler effects. Optimum performance was obtained with 4% NaOH-treated fibres at 0.5–1% dosage. The 4-L-0.5 mix showed the highest compressive strength, while 4-L-1 and 5-L-1 exhibited maximum improvements in flexural (14.8%) and tensile strength (13.2%), respectively. Microstructural analysis confirmed improved fibre–matrix bonding and denser C–(A)–S–H gel formation. However, excessive fibre content led to agglomeration and reduced strength. The results demonstrate that optimized fibre treatment maximizes the reinforcing efficiency of pine needle fibres in LC³ systems. Moreover, combining LC³ with treated pine needle fibres provides a sustainable approach for reducing clinker consumption, valorising forestry waste, and improving the mechanical performance of cementitious materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheological characteristics, self-healing performance, and modification mechanism of bituminous binder modified by waste polyethylene and waste engine oil","authors":"Wei Li,&nbsp;Yingli Gao,&nbsp;Mingtao Zhan,&nbsp;Juncai Zhu,&nbsp;Saifei Zhen","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03218-x","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03218-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Driven by the demand for solid waste recycling and long−life pavements, the incompatibility between high− and low−temperature performance of bituminous binder was addressed. A composite modification approach using waste polyethylene (WPE) and waste engine oil (WEO) was researched. The rheological properties, self−healing performance, and underlying mechanisms of modified bituminous binder were studied. Three types of WPE were selected, including waste high−density polyethylene (WHDPE), waste low−density polyethylene (WLDPE), and waste linear low−density polyethylene (WLLDPE). Different types and contents of WPE, as well as their composite systems with WEO, were prepared. DSR tests and BBR tests were conducted to evaluate high− and low−temperature performance. Fatigue and self−healing indices were further analyzed to characterize damage recovery behavior. FTIR, SEM, and FM were employed to reveal the modification mechanisms. The results showed that the complex modulus and potential rutting resistance of bituminous binder were significantly improved by WPE. The introduction of WEO led to a more balanced viscoelastic behavior. At temperatures ranging from − 12 °C to − 24 °C, the creep stiffness (<i>S</i>) of bituminous binder with 2% WLDPE–WEO decreased by 68.3–84.2%, while the m−value increased by 37.5–71.6%. At temperatures from 25 °C to 45 °C, the fatigue life ratio (<i>H</i>₍₁₎), complex modulus increment ratio (<i>H</i>₍₂₎), and cumulative dissipated energy ratio (<i>H</i>₍₃₎) of 2% WLDPE–WEO were greatly enhanced. It was found that WPE tended to absorb light components in bituminous binder and undergo physical swelling. This effect was relatively mitigated by WEO, which promoted the stability and uniformity of the microstructure. The stiffening effect caused by WPE was alleviated by WEO. A synergistic improvement in high−temperature stability, low−temperature cracking resistance, and recovery capability was achieved when 2% WLDPE and 6% WEO were used. Better compatibility and dispersion were maintained within the bituminous binder. This research provides a theoretical basis for the high−value utilization of waste polymer materials in road engineering.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal conductivity of bio-based insulating construction materials: impact of temperature, particle orientation and porosity","authors":"Karen Mourda,&nbsp;Philippe Coussot","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03222-1","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03222-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to clarify the respective roles of porosity and fiber orientation in controlling the effective thermal conductivity of fibrous bio-based materials, with emphasis on compression-induced structural evolution. Systematic measurements were performed on model cellulose fiber assemblies over a wide range of porosities in the dry state, using steady-state thermal conductivity measurements in axial and transverse configurations. The results were interpreted using simple effective-medium concepts and a refined structural model accounting for partial solid connectivity. The approach was further tested on hemp fibers. The measurements reveal a pronounced anisotropy induced by compression, with thermal conductivity increasing moderately with density in the axial direction and more strongly in the transverse direction. Classical bounds and isotropic effective-medium models do not capture this behavior. In contrast, a simplified layered representation, combined with a refined structural description, reproduces the observed trends and highlights the dominant role of compression-induced fiber reorientation. The results show that the effective thermal conductivity of fibrous cellulosic bio-based materials is primarily controlled by structural organization rather than intrinsic material properties. The proposed framework provides a physically grounded interpretation of the variability reported in the literature and offers guidance for optimizing thermal performance through control of processing-induced microstructure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of mechanochemically activated supplementary cementitious materials in cement pastes and mortars","authors":"Sofiane Amroun,&nbsp;Anagha Iyer,&nbsp;Prannoy Suraneni","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03220-3","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03220-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mechanochemical activation (MCA) is a rapidly emerging technology for producing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). However, performance data on MCA SCMs is lacking. Here, we investigated the potential use of four low-grade materials as sources of alternative SCMs following MCA treatment. The studied materials were municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (BA), basaltic fines (BF), low-grade clay (CL), and dredged sediments (DS). MCA increased the amorphous content (44% on average) and reactivity (830% average) of all materials, as indicated by quantitative X-ray diffraction and modified <i>R</i>³ test results. All materials, except for DS, were transformed into reactive SCMs after MCA. The BET specific surface area increased significantly for BA, BF, and DS, but decreased by 64% for CL. Generally, MCA increased the 168-h heat release of the blended cement pastes (15% on average), while no systematic effect on the heat flow was detected. The increase in SCM reactivity was also evidenced by reductions in calcium hydroxide content of cement pastes incorporating MCA materials compared to untreated materials (40% average at 28 days). Slump flow values increased for all materials, except for BF, for which a minor decrease was detected. The compressive strength and bulk resistivity of mortar samples showed that MCA had beneficial effects, especially at later ages (~ 42–45% average increases at all ages). These results suggest that compressive strength, bulk resistivity, and slump flow in mortars can be simultaneously enhanced through MCA. This is especially valuable considering that the materials studied are all considered low-grade or landfillable by-products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03220-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of cyclodextrin structure on the thermo-oxidative aging resistance of asphalt binder","authors":"Lidia Bandura,&nbsp;Szymon Malinowski,&nbsp;Paulina Rozpędowska,&nbsp;Agnieszka Woszuk,&nbsp;Wojciech Franus","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03214-1","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03214-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermo-oxidative aging of asphalt is a key challenge facing modern road surfacing technology. The aim of this study is to evaluate zeolite–cyclodextrin hybrid fillers as functional asphalt modifiers, with a focus on their ability to mitigate short- and long-term oxidative aging. Fly ash–derived NaP1 zeolite was functionalized with α-, β-, or γ-cyclodextrin and subsequently loaded with water–waste engine oil (WEO) mixtures at water-to-oil ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:4. The hybrids were characterized using BET surface area analysis, XRF, FTIR, and CHN. Asphalt binders were modified with 5 wt% of the hybrids and subjected to TFOT and TFOT + PAV aging. Mechanical and physicochemical changes were assessed using penetration, softening point, viscosity measurements, FTIR, ¹H NMR, TLC–FID, and AFM. The hybrid fillers reduced aging indices (SPI and VAI) by up to 28% compared to the reference binder. FTIR and ¹H NMR confirmed suppressed formation of oxidation-related functional groups (C=O, S=O), while AFM revealed refined surface morphology and reduced roughness. The NaP1–αCD systems exhibited the most pronounced anti-aging performance; while the 1:4 water-to-oil ratio achieved the lowest SPI value after long-term aging, the 1:1 and 1:2 formulations provided the most balanced stabilization of the binder’s physicochemical and nanomechanical properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03214-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward continuous shrinkage measurement of poured earth: practical setup and underlying shrinking mechanisms","authors":"Yi Du,&nbsp;Ellina Bernard,&nbsp;Janis Justs,&nbsp;Guillaume Habert,&nbsp;Pietro Lura","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03225-y","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03225-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Continuous shrinkage measurement in earth-based materials remains technically challenging, particularly for high-water-content mixtures with low initial stiffness. In this study, a semi-cylindrical experimental setup, combined with digital image correlation (DIC) for measurements of surface strains and a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) for interior strains, is proposed and validated to track the shrinkage behavior of pourable earth materials. Mass loss, surface temperature, and capillary pressure were simultaneously measured and compared with those of conventional prismatic specimens. Both geometries exhibit comparable drying kinetics under identical environmental conditions, with an initial constant-rate period (CRP) followed by a falling-rate period (FRP). However, the semi-cylindrical geometry yields a shorter CRP and enhanced moisture uniformity across the drying depth, attributed to a higher surface-to-volume ratio. During the CRP, shrinkage increased linearly with the volume of evaporated water. In the FRP, shrinkage in both geometries followed the Biot–Bishop effective-stress framework. Although some degree of differential shrinkage remained within the semi-cylindrical specimen, the deformation measured in the interior corresponded more closely to macroscopic water loss, demonstrating that LVDT measurements allow tracking in a simple and practical manner the bulk shrinkage behavior during drying.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03225-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of industrial waste blast furnace slag and copper slag as replacement of cement and aggregates in concrete","authors":"M. E. Parrón-Rubio,&nbsp;A. M. Lima-Rodríguez,&nbsp;M. J. Oliveira,&nbsp;F. Pérez-García,&nbsp;M. D. Rubio-Cintas,&nbsp;F. J. Rubio-Hernández","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03221-2","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03221-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The combined use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and copper slag (CS) in concrete was investigated. Three mixes were assessed: a reference concrete and two blended-slag concretes with 50% cement replacement by GGBFS and 60–100% replacement of the medium aggregate by CS. Fresh-state was characterized by slump testing and absolute rheometry. Hardened performance was evaluated through compressive and flexural strength, density–porosity–water absorption, capillary suction, abrasion resistance, shrinkage, and carbonation resistance. The mixture containing 50% GGBFS and 60% CS achieved the best overall performance, reaching approximately 78 MPa at 90 days and showing the lowest porosity, water absorption and capillary suction. SEM–EDS and XRD revealed a compact matrix containing calcite, dolomite and hydrotalcite. Leaching results showed low trace-element release, while the preliminary carbon-footprint assessment indicated a 42.6% reduction compared with the reference concrete. These results support the controlled use of GGBFS and CS in durable, lower-impact concrete.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the structural build-up and toughness of blended Natural Hydraulic Lime (NHL) mortars","authors":"Lorenzo Bizzarri,&nbsp;Michail K. Margas,&nbsp;Rohitashva K. Singh,&nbsp;Amedeo Gregori,&nbsp;Panagiotis A. Danoglidis,&nbsp;Maria S. Konsta-Gdoutos","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03213-2","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03213-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural Hydraulic Lime (NHL) has gained attention as a suitable binder in masonry mortars for the structural reinforcement of cultural heritage buildings, due to its chemical composition and mechanical performance that are compatible with the historic mortars, without compromising aesthetics. This study addresses the enhancement of structural build up and flexural toughness in polypropylene (PP) fiber reinforced NHL mortars with increased NHL content (40 wt.%), designed specifically for the structural reinforcement of historic masonry buildings. A comprehensive experimental program, including microstructural analyses, rheological measurements, and mechanical testing, was conducted to determine the effects of NHL and PP fiber addition on the fresh and mechanical and fracture properties of blended mortars. Isothermal calorimetry, oscillatory shear, and constant shear rate tests were performed to establish the threshold values for varying replacement percentages of NHL on the fresh and hardened state properties of the fiber reinforced NHL mortars. The structural build up, development of early age stiffness and workability for both NHL and NHL fiber reinforced mortars were assessed through measurements of the evolution of storage modulus over time and flow tests. Results confirmed that while replacement of 40 wt.% OPC with NHL reduces the structural build-up and mechanical and fracture properties, the addition of 1% w/v PP fibers effectively challenges these limitations by increasing the storage modulus by 10 times and improving the thixotropic index by 19% compared to 20 wt.% NHL mortar. Moreover, PP fibers significantly enhance the fracture behavior of the material, increasing the fracture energy by 51.7% compared to 20 wt.% NHL mortar. These findings reveal the potential of utilizing PP fiber-reinforced blended NHL mortars with high NHL content as a structurally efficient and compatible reinforcement interventions in heritage masonry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03213-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}