Materials and Structures最新文献

Detection of alkali-silica reaction within large-scale concrete by ultrasound non-collinear wave mixing 超声非共线波搅拌检测大型混凝土内碱-硅反应

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02652-7

Devin Kumar, Jin-Yeon Kim, Caroline Fjeran, Lauren Stewart, Kimberly E. Kurtis, Laurence J. Jacobs

{"title":"Detection of alkali-silica reaction within large-scale concrete by ultrasound non-collinear wave mixing","authors":"Devin Kumar, Jin-Yeon Kim, Caroline Fjeran, Lauren Stewart, Kimberly E. Kurtis, Laurence J. Jacobs","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02652-7","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02652-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Early detection of alkali-silica reaction (ASR) with nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is important for the monitoring of damage and assessment of repair performance, while effective NDE in large-scale reinforced concrete elements remains challenging. Nonlinear acoustic methods have shown promise for this application due to their sensitivity to the microscale damage characteristic of early-stage ASR. The objective of this investigation is to examine if a recently introduced NDE method employing ultrasonic non-collinear wave mixing may be used to detect and quantify internal ASR damage in large-scale reinforced concrete elements. Measured nonlinearity parameters from an undamaged concrete column are compared with those from reinforced and unreinforced concrete columns both experiencing ASR damage. This study incorporates corrections for attenuation and diffraction in the measured amplitudes of the mixed wave signals to allow for direct comparisons among the three columns, and at two different depths. The nonlinearity parameters measured for the undamaged and ASR-affected columns show clear differences, which are independently validated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultrasonic second harmonic wave generation (SHG) testing on an extracted core. While severities of damage at two depths were not clearly discernible by SEM, the nonlinearity metrics from both wave mixing and SHG measurements exhibit similar trends of higher nonlinearity at greater depths. These experimental results demonstrate that the non-collinear wave mixing technique is a promising NDE method for detecting and quantifying internal microscale damage in large-scale concrete members.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02652-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the hydration of clinker-reduced cementitious binders by 1H NMR relaxometry 用1H核磁共振弛豫法研究熟料还原胶凝粘结剂的水化作用

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02632-x

Sarah Munsch, Wolfram Schmidt, Renata Lorenzoni, Melissa Telong, Lili Grobla, Robert Lauinger, Sabine Kruschwitz

{"title":"Investigation of the hydration of clinker-reduced cementitious binders by 1H NMR relaxometry","authors":"Sarah Munsch, Wolfram Schmidt, Renata Lorenzoni, Melissa Telong, Lili Grobla, Robert Lauinger, Sabine Kruschwitz","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02632-x","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02632-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we demonstrate the value of <span>(^{1})</span>H NMR relaxometry for studying the hydration of clinker-reduced, climate-friendly cementitious binders. Our study includes white cement (WC), ordinary Portland cement (OPC), and samples incorporating reactive agro-waste based ashes and non-reactive biochars as supplementary cementitous materials (SCM). NMR measurements were performed over a period of up to 120 h during hydration with an echo time of 50 <span>(upmu)</span>s and a relatively large sample size of 20 mL. The results were compared to heat flow calorimetry (HFC) data, and a detailed comparison with literature data was performed for pure OPC and WC. The results show that time-resolved NMR measurements, especially the analysis of individual NMR signal components assigned to defined <span>(^{1})</span>H reservoirs, are effective for studying hydration processes. They offer insights into the evolution of the microstrucure and specific chemical phases. NMR provides valuable information and serves as a good complement to HFC. The comparison with data obtained with shorter echo times (40 <span>(upmu)</span>s or around 15–45 <span>(upmu)</span>s with solid echo sequence) on much smaller samples showed almost identical developments with respect to the <span>(hbox {T}_2)</span> distributions. For the SCM samples, NMR results indicated partially accelerated hydration processes compared to classical OPC hydration. One SCM sample acted as a highly reactive pozzolan, showing a similar hydration process to OPC with the strongest effect observed when superplasticizer was added. Adding biochar delayed C-S-H gel pore formation but significantly increased capillary pores and even free water, likely due to the sponge-like structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02632-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of monopotassium phosphate fineness on properties and micro-characteristics of magnesium potassium phosphate cements 磷酸一钾细度对磷酸镁钾胶结物性能和微观特性的影响

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02646-5

Yizhou Zhao, Biwan Xu

{"title":"Effect of monopotassium phosphate fineness on properties and micro-characteristics of magnesium potassium phosphate cements","authors":"Yizhou Zhao, Biwan Xu","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02646-5","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02646-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydration of magnesium potassium phosphate (MKP) cements is a dissolution–precipitation process. Compared to magnesia, the dissolution effect of monopotassium phosphate (KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) has been gained less attention and remains unclear. In this study influence of two KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> materials with different fineness on properties and micro-characteristics of the MKP cement pastes at Mg/PO<sub>4</sub> molar ratio of 4 and 8 was investigated. Compared with the pastes without boric acid, the effect of KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> fineness was more obvious with the presence of boric acid due to the slowed-down reactions. The combined use of boric acid and the coarse KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> better slowed down the reactions, thus led to longer setting time but to reduced flowability, higher shrinkages and great strength losses. In contrast, the combined use of boric acid and the fine KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> facilitated a better dissolution and consumption of KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and formations of robust K-struvite hydrates, resulting in less detrimental capillary pores, lower shrinkages and higher strengths, although the reaction could be faster. To guarantee a full consumption of KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and mitigate strength loss over long-term, Mg/PO<sub>4</sub> molar ratio > 4 and fine KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> are commended for those pure MKP cements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of single and hybrid fiber incorporation on the toughness, mechanical properties and microstructure of fiber-reinforced mortar 单纤维和混杂纤维掺入对纤维增强砂浆韧性、力学性能和微观结构的影响

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02645-6

Xuesong Zhang, Yanrong Zhang, Kai Wu, Baoyuan Yang

{"title":"Effects of single and hybrid fiber incorporation on the toughness, mechanical properties and microstructure of fiber-reinforced mortar","authors":"Xuesong Zhang, Yanrong Zhang, Kai Wu, Baoyuan Yang","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02645-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02645-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to study the influence of fiber types and their <i>ℓ</i>/<i>d</i> ratios on the mechanical and microstructural properties of fiber reinforced mortar (FRM), four-point bending test and compressive test were carried out on FRM prisms to study their flexural toughness and mechanical strength at the ages of 3 and 28 days. Additionally, mercury intrusion porosimetry and electron scanning microscopy were applied to study the mechanisms responsible for the mechanical performance and mesoscopic failure modes of two types of polypropylene (PP) fiber, termed PP1 and PP2, and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, and their hybrids, used as mortar reinforcement. The results indicated that the improvement in the mortar's equivalent flexural toughness due to fiber incorporation followed the order: PP1 > PP2 > PVA, that in the equivalent flexural strength followed the order: PVA > PP2 > PP1. The PP1 fibers loosened the fiber-matrix interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and weakened the bond, resulting in easy fiber pull out. The ITZ of hydrophilic PVA fiber was relatively dense. The moduli, fracture elongations, and surface properties of PVA and PP1 fibers differed, resulting in a lack of synchronization in limiting FRM crack propagation at 3 days, as each fiber contributed to stress resistance at different stages. However, they exhibited complementary characteristics. PVA fibers restricted the initiation and development of early cracks, encouraging the formation of multiple cracks, while PP1 fibers prevented unstable crack growth in the strain-softening stage of FRM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of curing methods for bulk electrical conductivity testing of cement pastes 水泥浆体电导率试验养护方法的比较

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-024-02558-w

Thomas Bernard, William Wilson

{"title":"Comparison of curing methods for bulk electrical conductivity testing of cement pastes","authors":"Thomas Bernard, William Wilson","doi":"10.1617/s11527-024-02558-w","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-024-02558-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predicting the service life of concrete is one of the main problems faced by civil engineers. Measuring its electrical conductivity is a promising method to quickly find a qualitative indication of the ionic diffusion behaviour of a cementitious mix and, therefore, of its durability. However, one limitation on the ability to quantitatively measure bulk conductivity is the effect of the curing method on the measurement. The main phenomenon that occurs during curing and affects the conductivity is the leaching of alkalis from the pore solution into the curing solution driven by the alkali concentration gradient between these two solutions. The pore solution is therefore depleted in alkalis, reducing both pore solution and bulk conductivity. However, previous work has shown that leaching is not the only effect that the curing solution can have on the bulk conductivity. To avoid these effects, the curing solution must simulate the pore solution at each moment of hydration and for each cementitious mix. For this purpose, different curing solutions based on a sacrificial powder, a reduced volume of curing solution, and a simulated pore solution are proposed and investigated experimentally. The results show that a small volume of curing solution is the most promising method to prevent leaching without affecting the hydration rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-024-02558-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient carbon sequestration of seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete: an experimental study 海水海砂再生骨料混凝土高效固碳试验研究

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02647-4

Xiaolong Hu, Jianzhuang Xiao, Kaijian Zhang, Tao Ding

{"title":"Efficient carbon sequestration of seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete: an experimental study","authors":"Xiaolong Hu, Jianzhuang Xiao, Kaijian Zhang, Tao Ding","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02647-4","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02647-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbonation has long been considered harmful to the durability of steel reinforced concrete structures especially with the increasing CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature globally. In coastal construction, the chloride ions even make it worse. By replacing the steel with chloride-insensitive reinforcement such as fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), sea sand is a potential alternative to river sand, even carbonation could be utilized due to the acid resistance of FRP. In this paper, seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete (SSRAC) was prepared, which had different hydration and carbonation from ordinary concrete (OC). The test results showed that the carbonation depth at 28 days of SSRAC increased up to 179.13% of OC. A modified carbonation model based on pore evolution was established. On the other hand, the increasement of carbonatable material in SSRAC was up to 14.32%. Combined with this characteristic, the carbon emission and absorption assessment were carried out. It is found that the CO<sub>2</sub> absorption of SSRAC can be up to 325% of OC in 10 years’ service, and the total carbon emission including carbon sequestration over the whole life of SSRAC with a salinity of 4% is 45.73% of OC. This research verifies that it is expected to achieve more CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration rapidly in SSRAC, which could probably help design low-carbon concrete structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of concrete tension modulus, softening, and stiffening using distributed sensing 表征混凝土张力模量，软化，和加强使用分布式传感

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02655-4

Jacob Yager, Joshua E. Woods, Neil A. Hoult, Evan C. Bentz

{"title":"Characterization of concrete tension modulus, softening, and stiffening using distributed sensing","authors":"Jacob Yager, Joshua E. Woods, Neil A. Hoult, Evan C. Bentz","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02655-4","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02655-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To design and assess reinforced concrete (RC) structures more accurately thus enabling more efficient use of materials, improved material models are required. Distributed sensing technologies have the potential to provide the data to support the development of these improved models. In this study, twelve specimens with varying types of concrete and reinforcement ratios were monitored with distributed fibre optic sensors (DFOS) and digital image correlation (DIC) while being loaded in direct tension. Strain data from DFOS and crack width data from DIC were used to quantify three material models required for accurate analysis: the concrete Young’s modulus prior to cracking, tension softening, and average and distributed tension stiffening. The results showed that the uncracked concrete stress–strain response was non-linear leading to a non-linear Young’s modulus. Reinforcement ratio was found to influence cracking strength, tension stiffening, and tension softening, which many current models do not consider. Tension softening was observed at larger surface crack widths than in plain concrete that form the basis for existing tension softening models. Lastly, crack spacing was found to influence tension stiffening behaviour. Each of these findings suggest that current models do not fully capture the behaviour of RC and that there are opportunities to improve RC analysis techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling the ultimate shear behaviour of UHPFRC deep beams UHPFRC深梁极限抗剪性能模拟

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02660-7

Eissa Fathalla, Yasas Lamawansa, Boyan Mihaylov

{"title":"Modelling the ultimate shear behaviour of UHPFRC deep beams","authors":"Eissa Fathalla, Yasas Lamawansa, Boyan Mihaylov","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02660-7","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02660-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the ability of deep beams to transfer loads by direct strut action, they are often used to resist large shear forces. In the past decade, researchers have studied the use of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced-concrete (UHPFRC) in deep beams due to its enhanced mechanical and durability properties compared to other materials (i.e., reinforced concrete and fiber-reinforced-concrete). However, there is still a need for adequate mechanical models to predict the shear strength of UHPFRC deep beams in a simple and rational manner. To address this gap, the current study proposes a kinematic-based model incorporating structural fundamentals: compatibility of deformations, constitutive relationships, and equilibrium. The proposed model stems from a kinematic-based model developed for the ultimate shear behaviour of FRC deep beams, and it accounts for the enhanced mechanical properties of UHPFRC. The model is validated using 23 tests featuring a wide range of properties. The model adequately predicts the shear strength with an average experimental-to-predicted ratio of 1.07 and a coefficient of variation of 14.7%. Additionally, the effect of the main test variables on the shear strength is also found to be well captured in demonstration of the reliability of the proposed model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of crack width on carbonation depths in functionally layered concrete 裂缝宽度对功能层状混凝土碳化深度的影响

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02643-8

Jessica C. Forsdyke, Janet M. Lees

引用次数: 0

Seismic performance of confined brick masonry structure for multistory buildings: a comparative study 多层建筑约束砖砌体结构抗震性能对比研究

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02665-2

Shoaib Ur Rehman, Yongbo Peng

{"title":"Seismic performance of confined brick masonry structure for multistory buildings: a comparative study","authors":"Shoaib Ur Rehman, Yongbo Peng","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02665-2","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02665-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unreinforced masonry buildings experience significant damage during seismic events, often resulting in substantial structural failure and loss of life. This study investigates the use of confined brick masonry structures (CBMS) to reduce seismic vulnerability in residential buildings. The primary contribution of this research is the comparison between CBMS, conventional masonry structures (CMS), and frame structures (FS) in terms of seismic performance. Numerical models of CMS, FS, and CBMS structures are first developed using ABAQUS software. A nonlinear time-history analysis scheme is then employed, applying gravity loads followed by seismic loads at the base. The numerical analysis incorporates geometric and material nonlinearities to simulate seismic responses of structures. The results indicate that the CBMS exhibits higher seismic performance, displaying lower deformation and displacement compared to the CMS and the FS under the same earthquake ground motions. The concrete confinement in the CBMS enhances their ductility, flexibility, and overall resilience, offering a new approach to mitigate seismic damage in residential buildings. This study’s findings contribute to the advancement of seismic design methodologies, providing valuable insights into the use of CBMS in earthquake-resistant construction. Further researches are recommended to evaluate CBMS’s integrity in collapse scenarios, conduct cost-benefit analyses, and examine their responses under earthquake ground motions at various site conditions for more comprehensive insights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0