Materials and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of biomass waste to produce phenol-rich bio-oil for enhancing the long-term aging resistance of rejuvenated bitumen","authors":"Shinan Liu,&nbsp;Houzhi Wang,&nbsp;Jun Yang","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02620-1","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02620-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the long-term antioxidant performance of bio-oils produced via thermochemical liquefaction (HTL) as bio-rejuvenators for secondary aged bitumen binders. Five types of bio-oils were prepared from different biomass sources using sulfuric acid as a catalyst and polyols as liquefaction solvents. Subsequently, these bio-oils were added to aged bitumen and subjected to secondary aging to test their antioxidant effectiveness. Various tests, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), were conducted to assess the chemical composition of the bio-oils. The results demonstrated that bio-oils contain substantial amounts of phenolic compounds, which exhibit antioxidant properties. The rheological testing showed that phenolic-rich bio-rejuvenators can be added to bitumen to increase the phase angle (<i>δ</i>) and decrease the complex modulus (<i>G</i>*). Additionally, some of these bio-rejuvenators improve secondary-aged bitumen’s fatigue performance and low-temperature cracking resistance while also recovering strain recovery (<i>R</i>) and non-recoverable creep compliance (<i>J</i>_nr). The chemical test showed that the carbonyl index, molecular weight, and polydispersity index of secondary-aged bitumen all decrease with the addition of bio-rejuvenators. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between the quantification of phenols in bio-oils and the rheological and chemical indices of bitumen subjected to secondary aging with added bio-rejuvenators shows a significant positive correlation between phenolic compound content and the antioxidant effects on the rheological and chemical properties of secondary-aged asphalt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Service life model for alternative rendering mortar developed from granite cutting waste","authors":"Mag Raj Gehlot,&nbsp;Sandeep Shrivastava","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02606-z","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02606-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evaluating the service life of rendering mortar is crucial for managing its interaction with the substrate in the building due to various degradation causing factors as it have a significant influence on its repair, maintenance and, life cycle analysis results. This study is intended to predict the service life of the conventional cement sand (GP0) and 20% granite cutting waste incorporated alternative mortar (GP20). The mortars are exposed to a standard accelerated aging environment to simulate the natural field conditioning. Parallelly, the adhesive strength testing is conducted on naturally known aged field mortar samples. The Weibull distribution technique is used to perform life data analysis. The scale and shape parameters are calculated for GP0, GP20, and field samples, respectively. The<i> R</i>² value determined from the goodness of fit analysis. Modifying factor has been identified to incorporate additional degradation-causing agents other than temperature and humidity. The adhesive strength of laboratory testing and field samples are correlated to predict the service life of the mortar. The finding shown that the strength degradation mechanism follows a non-linear variation of adhesive strength under accelerated and natural aging conditioning. The adhesive strength degradation for both the mixes are studied w.r.t. aging cycles. The GP0 and GP20 mortar mixes mortar-substrate bond failed after 156 and 168 cycles respectively and failed in brittle nature. The reference service life is taken at critical adhesive strength value of 0.3 MPa which is recorded as 17.4 years. However, it is observed that GP20 mortar faced higher aging cycles as compared to GP0, which qualitatively signifies a slight improvement in the service life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic study on mix design optimization and on fresh properties of grouts containing crystalline admixtures","authors":"Suelen da Rocha Gomes,&nbsp;Isabel Santacruz,&nbsp;Luis Sánchez,&nbsp;Mercedes Sánchez Moreno","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02598-w","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02598-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crystalline admixtures (CA) are often proposed as admixtures for improving self-healing ability of cement-based materials. While significant progress has been made in smart concretes and mortars, the application of self-healing technology in grouts remains underexplored. The design of a grout is complex because any change in its composition will have a significant effect on its properties, especially in the fresh state. This work analyses the effect of the incorporation of the CA on the production of a self-repairing grout. The study focuses on the effects of CA on the fresh and hardened properties of grouts. A comprehensive analysis of grout design highlights the influence of critical parameters such as water/binder (<i>w</i>/<i>b</i>) and sand/binder (<i>s</i>/<i>b</i>) ratios, supplementary materials (fly ash and limestone), and superplasticizer (SP) dosages. Formulating a grout with CA requires greater efforts to achieve an optimal balance between the fresh and hardened properties. CA affected particle dispersion, stability and consistency of grouts. Designing grouts (with and without CA) with similar fluidity required higher SP dosages, which improved the viscosity and delayed the setting time. CA accelerates the hydration of C₃S and C₃A hydrates formation and shortens the induction period, but when combined with SP, its contribution is reduced. Compressive strength of grout with CA were higher than reference at all tested ages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02598-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice straw ash as supplementary cementitious materials for concrete: optimizing water soaking duration of rice straw to remove alkalis","authors":"Ali Zarei,&nbsp;Somayeh Nassiri,&nbsp;Ali Azhar Butt,&nbsp;Iyanuoluwa O. Filani,&nbsp;Gandhar A. Pandit,&nbsp;Sabbie A. Miller,&nbsp;John T. Harvey","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02616-x","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02616-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2016, global cement consumption reached 4.65 billion tonnes, accounting for 8% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions. Reducing the reliance on cement is an effective strategy for mitigating cement’s climate impacts. This study investigates rice straw ash (RSA) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for concrete. To enable large-scale RSA production via rice straw combustion at bioenergy plants, the effect of varying water-soaking durations (3, 6, 24, and 72 h) on the leaching of salts and heavy metals from rice straw was assessed. The resulting leachate was treated by reverse osmosis, producing clean water for irrigation and a potassium-rich fertilizer concentrate. The soaked rice straw was combusted to produce RSA samples (RSA 0 for unsoaked straw, and RSA 3, RSA 6, RSA 24, and RSA 72 for soaked durations) for evaluation as SCM based on physicochemical properties, pozzolanic reactivity and strength activity index (SAI), available alkalis, and alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) mitigation.</p><p>Results revealed that a soaking duration of just 3 h was effective at removing harmful compounds detrimental to combustion systems. All RSA samples exhibited high pozzolanic reactivity (heat release &gt; 335 J/g and calcium hydroxide consumption &gt; 130 g/100 g RSA) and SAI exceeding 120%. Furthermore, soaking was effective in enhancing ASR mitigation, achieving an 85% expansion reduction with RSA 3. This study demonstrates the potential of rice straw as bioenergy feedstock and its ash as a viable SCM for concrete, offering a pathway to reducing cement consumption while creating value-added uses for agricultural residues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02616-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical resistivity prediction model for basalt fibre reinforced concrete: hybrid machine learning model and experimental validation","authors":"Zhen Sun,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Ditao Niu,&nbsp;Daming Luo,&nbsp;Tianran Han,&nbsp;Yalin Li,&nbsp;Huang Huang,&nbsp;Zhishen Wu","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02607-y","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02607-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of basalt fibre reinforced concrete (BFRC) is crucial for reducing carbon emissions, enhancing structural performance, and extending service life. Electrical resistivity (ER), a non-destructive testing indicator, can be used to evaluate parameters such as compressive strength and chloride ion permeability of concrete. Therefore, this study examines BFRC-ER from three perspectives: the applicability of existing ER prediction models, hybrid machine learning modelling, and experimental validation. The findings indicate that the predicted values of the existing nine models have a poor correlation with actual values, limiting their practical application. The prairie dog–optimised XGBoost (PDO–XGBoost) model developed in this study exhibited closer alignment between predicted and actual values. It boasted smaller mean and standard deviation (<i>μ</i> = 0.0508 kΩ·cm, <i>σ</i> = 3.409) of model error distribution, along with superior performance evaluation metrics (MAE = 2.165, MAPE = 0.243, RMSE = 3.410 MSE = 11.625, and R² = 0.984). Analysing the contribution of each input feature to BFRC-ER revealed that saturation, age, and water–binder ratio are the three significant influencing factors. Moreover, this study developed a graphical user interface (GUI) for BFRC-ER, enabling the visualisation of BFRC-ER predictions. Subsequently, BFRC with varying mix proportions was prepared, and BFRC-ER was tested using the two-electrode method. The comparison between actual values and GUI predictions showed errors below 7.5%, highlighting the accuracy of the predictions. This research achieves high-accuracy predictions of BFRC-ER, laying the foundation for optimising BFRC mix proportions and evaluating concrete performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation of corrosion products in macroscopic voids at the steel–concrete interface: observations, mechanisms and research needs","authors":"Shishir Mundra,&nbsp;Emanuele Rossi,&nbsp;Luka Malenica,&nbsp;Mohit Pundir,&nbsp;Ueli M. Angst","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02614-z","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02614-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Macroscopic voids at the steel–concrete interface and their degree of saturation with an aqueous electrolyte are known to play an important role in the corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete. Irrespective of the exposure conditions and testing parameters, in the majority of studies corrosion products have been reported to consistently precipitate in a unique pattern within these macroscopic voids, preferentially along the void walls and growing inward. The underlying mechanisms governing corrosion product precipitation in macroscopic voids and their effects on long-term durability remain unclear. Through in-situ X-ray computed tomography observations, thermodynamic and kinetic considerations, and numerical modelling of water transport within macroscopic voids, here, we provide plausible hypotheses of the processes responsible for the precipitation of corrosion products along the walls of the voids. Understanding the mechanisms of corrosion product precipitation can offer insights into the development of stresses in and around the macroscopic interfacial void and the durability of reinforced concrete structures. This contribution also discusses opportunities for different avenues for research to elucidate several multiscale processes that influence the durability of reinforced concrete.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02614-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report of RILEM TC 301-ASR: Modelling the impact of SCMs, alkali level and w/b ratio on alkali concentration in pore solution","authors":"Klaartje de Weerdt,&nbsp;Maxime Ranger,&nbsp;Miriam E. Krüger,&nbsp;Ana Bergmann,&nbsp;Petter Hemstad,&nbsp;Andreas Leemann,&nbsp;Barbara Lothenbach","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02583-3","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02583-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) can mitigate alkali-silica reaction by lowering the alkali metal concentration in the pore solution. This is a theoretical study on the applicability of a thermodynamic model (GEMS) and the empirical Taylor model to predict the required replacement level of portland cement (PC) by SCMs to achieve an alkali metal concentration below 300 mmol/L. The SCMs investigated are silica fume (SF), metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA) and slag. The impact of the alkali content of the PC and the w/b ratio on the required replacement level is modelled and compared to experimental pore solution concentrations. Both models predict a similar impact of the SCM replacement level on the distribution of alkali between the pore solution, C–S–H and unreacted material. The thermodynamic model predicts little impact of the alkali content of PC and the w/b-ratio on the required replacement level, i.e., 20% SF, 20% MK, 40–50% FA and 60–70% slag. This is contrary to the Taylor model, which predicts that the replacement levels of FA and slag ranges from 7 to 58% when increasing the alkali content from 0.47 to 0.93% and from 80 to 10%, when increasing the w/b ratio from 0.3 to 0.9. The required replacement levels for SF and MK vary between 2 and 19% when increasing the alkali content from 0.47 to 0.93%, and from 40 to &lt; 5% when increasing the w/b ratio from 0.3 to 0.9. The main difference between the two models is how they account for the uptake of alkali metals by the C–S–H.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02583-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RILEM TC 275-HDB: results of interlaboratory testing for determining capillarity properties of hemp concrete","authors":"Vincent Picandet,&nbsp;M’hamed Yassin Rajiv da Gloria,&nbsp;Sandrine Marceau","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02609-w","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02609-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This report presents a new proposal for conducting the water capillary absorption test of hemp concretes and establishing the parameters useful for analyzing the obtained results. Based on the standards of traditional materials such as concrete and mortar, a testing protocol was developed and executed by eight laboratories from RILEM TC 275-HDB through interlaboratory testing. Homogeneous cubic specimens of hemp concrete with an edge length of 150 mm were cast and distributed to the laboratories, where they were conditioned before undergoing test. By adopting the new testing procedure, consistent results were achieved after analyzing data in both square root of time and log-time regimes. For each regime, two pairs of parameters CA and k (square root of time regime), and IRA and K1 (log-time regime) were utilized to compare the data and successfully validate the interlaboratory testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendation of RILEM TC 280-CBE: test method to assess the bonding of microsurfacing mixtures using the shear bond testing (SBT) apparatus","authors":"C. Sangiorgi,&nbsp;F. Balzano,&nbsp;P. Tataranni,&nbsp;A. Graziani,&nbsp;C. Raab","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02604-1","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02604-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microsurfacings are widely recognized as a valid solution for reducing the consumption of energy and raw materials in the construction and maintenance of road surfaces. They require specifically formulated mixtures, designed to compensate for the variability of the substrate and to ensure a durable bond at the interface of the newly applied layer. In fact, the surface texture of the support has a strong effect on the bonding behaviour, as it influences the interlocking and adhesion at the interface. Insufficient interlayer bonding can lead to slippage and to partial or complete delamination of layers. This can impair the functionality of the pavement, as large cracks and potholes can occur. Although several methods for assessing the mechanical performance of microsurfacings are included in the main international standards, there is a lack of standardised guidelines for assessing their bond strength. This recommendation proposes a testing procedure to assess the interlayer bond strength of microsurfacing mixtures using a common shear testing device. In addition to the results of the shear strength, the surface of the substrate can be characterised with regard to its texture using a simple laboratory method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02604-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue resistance of concrete: influence of time-dependent scattering of compressive strength","authors":"Sören Voß,&nbsp;Boso Schmidt,&nbsp;Vincent Oettel","doi":"10.1617/s11527-024-02517-5","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-024-02517-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In terms of sustainability and resource efficiency, concrete structures such as bridges and wind turbines should be used as long as possible and—in the case of new constructions (as a replacement)—the cross-sections should be as slender and thin-walled as possible using high-performance or ultra-high performance concrete. A further development of the fatigue design would be useful both for the verification of a possible longer remaining service life and for a safe, but also for economical and sustainable design of these engineering structures, which are particularly exposed to fatigue. The verifications of structural safety for non-static loading of concrete in the national and international design codes and standards provide for high safety margins, particularly for concretes with high strengths. These result, among other things, from the large scatter of the number of cycles to failure in experimental fatigue tests. In this article, current verifications of structural safety for non-static loading of concrete are presented, results of compressive tests on concrete specimens of different strengths, geometries and test boundary conditions are summarised in a database and the scatter of the experimentally determined number of cycles to failure is statistically evaluated. In addition, the compressive strength of concrete, which significantly influence the scatter of the numbers of cycles to failure, are statistically analysed for concretes of different ages. From this, a continuous description of the strength development and its scatter is derived. Finally, the compressive stress levels of the previously analysed fatigue tests are adjusted using a stochastic approach in order to take into account the scatter of the compressive strength of concrete as a function of the concrete age. By applying the time-dependent scatter of the compressive strength of concrete, a significant reduction in the scatter bandwidth of the analysed numbers of cycles to failure in the S–N curve is achieved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-024-02517-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}