Materials and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Performance of sustainable ultra-high-performance concrete with microplastics: comparative strategies of nano-coated microplastics and direct nanomaterial incorporation","authors":"Fatemeh Mohammadi Ghahsareh,&nbsp;Yi Bao,&nbsp;Kiran Louis,&nbsp;William Querido,&nbsp;Weina Meng","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03339-3","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03339-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive environmental contaminants with increasing urgency for sustainable management strategies. Their incorporation into cementitious materials offers a promising pathway for waste valorization; however, the weak interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between MPs and the cement matrix severely limits mechanical performance and hinders structural applications. This study presents a comparative nano-engineering framework to overcome this limitation by systematically evaluating two fundamentally distinct strategies: (1) direct surface nano-coating of MPs using a nano-silica and cellulose nanocrystal system, and (2) matrix nano-densification through direct incorporation of the same nanomaterials into ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). Because these two strategies deliver nanomaterials in fundamentally different ways, a fair comparison required equating their nanomaterial content. This was achieved by using thermogravimetric analysis to quantify the nanomaterial mass retained on the MP surface and applying the same content to the nano-densification mixtures. A comprehensive experimental program was conducted across multiple MP replacement levels (10–50%) to elucidate the effects of these strategies on mechanical performance and interfacial behavior. Results show that MP incorporation significantly reduces strength due to weak interfacial bonding and increased porosity; however, both nano-engineering approaches effectively recover performance by enhancing ITZ integrity. Notably, despite a 50% MP replacement, the optimized mixtures achieved a compressive strength of 91 MPa, demonstrating structural-level performance using high volumes of plastic waste. While both strategies yielded comparable mechanical improvements, matrix nano-densification provided slightly higher strength gains, whereas nano-coated MPs exhibited superior workability and required substantially less high-range water reducer to achieve equivalent workability, indicating superior and practical scalability. The study advances the field by providing the first direct comparison between ITZ-targeted nano-coating and matrix-level nano-densification for MP-modified UHPC, revealing that although both strategies achieve comparable mechanical performance, they differ substantially in admixture demand. These findings establish an application-oriented pathway for integrating microplastic waste into high-performance structural materials, contributing to circular material design and sustainable infrastructure development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03339-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiscale-multiphysical model framework for strength development analysis of LC3 concrete","authors":"Yuguo Yu,&nbsp;Mohammad Saberian,&nbsp;Jie Sun,&nbsp;Jie Li,&nbsp;Sujeeva Setunge","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03329-5","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03329-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emerging limestone calcined clay cement (LC³) has opened new sustainable pathways. The synergy among cement, limestone, and calcined kaolinitic clay during hydration causes pore size refinement, leading to desirable mechanical capacity despite reduced cement usage. Nevertheless, due to lack of systematic method and data, there is a knowledge gap in quantifying the correlation between strength growth at macroscale and evolving LC³ binder chemistry, which would often require a multiscale-multiphysical approach. To address this, a numerical framework, integrating kinetic-thermodynamic hydration model with multiscale homogenisation and phase field to quasi-brittle fracture model for mechanical analysis, is developed. Surrogate relations to describe pore connectivity and critical fracture energy as functions of time-dependent hydration characteristics are also established. Through fracture modelling, the proposed method is carefully verified against the reported experiments for compressive strength predictions of LC³ concretes (up to 65 MPa of 28-day strength) prepared with diverse cement replacement rates (10–50%) and calcined kaolinitic clays of wide-range metakaolin contents (18–95%). Further numerical explorations demonstrate that the notable effects of metakaolin content and limestone fineness on compressive strength developments can be quantified using the proposed method, providing a useful tool for strength-based analysis and design of LC³ concrete.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03329-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric modeling and reconstruction method for steel-bar rib geometry based on 3D scanning","authors":"Xi Huang,&nbsp;Yuto Soma,&nbsp;Mao Kurumatani","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03334-8","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03334-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The geometry of transverse ribs plays a critical role in the bond behavior between deformed steel bars and concrete; however, numerical analyses commonly rely on idealized rib shapes that do not reflect manufacturing-induced geometric variability. Although three-dimensional (3D) scanning can capture rib morphology with high resolution, raw scan data do not directly provide an analytical and controllable representation. Such data usually require mesh conditioning before being used for systematic parametric studies or finite-element model generation. This study proposes a parametric modeling and reconstruction framework for generating transverse-rib geometry of deformed steel bars based on 3D scanning data. The framework integrates profile extraction, analytical modeling, and 3D reconstruction to convert scanned rib surfaces into standardized geometric representations. To accurately capture flattened and irregular rib crests, a weighted generalized Gaussian distribution (WGGD) fitting approach is formulated by combining the generalized Gaussian distribution profile with a localized weighted least-squares procedure that emphasizes the rib crest region during parameter estimation. The method is applied to five reinforcing bar sizes conforming to industrial standards. The WGGD fitting approach significantly improved crest-region fitting accuracy, outperforming Gaussian-based models while maintaining smooth flank transitions. Three-dimensional deviation analyses showed sub-millimeter-level agreement between the scanned surfaces and the standardized parametric reconstructions. The reconstructed rib dimensions were consistent with the JIS G 3112 specifications, establishing the practical viability of the proposed method. The proposed framework enables reliable geometric reconstruction of deformed steel bars for numerical simulation, parametric analysis, and quality evaluation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punching shear performance of four-edge-clamped two-way composite slabs with UHPC joints incorporating short lap splices for nuclear power plants","authors":"Yang Yang,&nbsp;Kun Wang,&nbsp;Wenfu He,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;Sen Yang,&nbsp;Jiawei Ji,&nbsp;Yan Yan,&nbsp;Shi Tang","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03327-7","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03327-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Precast composite slabs (PCSs) can shorten the construction cycle of nuclear power plants (NPPs), but the joints may interrupt the two-way force-transfer path and create vulnerable regions under concentrated equipment loads. This study investigates the punching shear performance of a two-way PCS system with short lap-splice UHPC joints. Four 1/2-scale square slabs with realistic four-edge-clamped restraint, including two reinforced concrete slabs (RCSs) and two UHPC-connected PCSs, were tested under concentrated loads. Results show that all specimens failed in punching shear after the formation of radial bottom cracks and peripheral top cracks. The punching surface in the PCSs diverted around the UHPC joints, demonstrating that the UHPC joint changed the effective failure perimeter. The ultimate loads of PCSs increased by 24.4% and 29.8% compared with RCSs, and their deformation capacities were significantly enhanced. Subsequently, a prediction model for the ultimate punching capacity of the PCS, considering the enhancement effect of the UHPC joint and the membrane action, was proposed and verified against the test results. The results support the structural feasibility of short lap-spliced UHPC joints for thick two-way PCSs in NPPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a PCE-based superplasticizer on the viscoelastic stiffness of a cement paste: contrasting fresh-state and early-age behavior","authors":"Muhammad Shahid,&nbsp;Sophie J. Schmid,&nbsp;Teresa Liberto,&nbsp;Olaf Lahayne,&nbsp;Bernhard Pichler,&nbsp;Agathe Robisson","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03324-w","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03324-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of a polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer (SP) on the viscoelastic stiffness of a cement paste at an early age is examined. Ordinary Portland cement, free of tricalcium aluminate is used, and pastes prepared with and without SP are characterized with isothermal calorimetry, small-amplitude oscillatory shear rheology, and hourly three-minute creep testing. Isothermal calorimetry enables an indirect estimation of the paste hydration degree as a function of its age. The stiffness moduli, quantified from rheology and creep tests on the pastes with and without SP, are compared as a function of the hydration degree. In the fresh state, at hydration degrees below 1 %, rheology shows that the paste containing SP is less stiff than the paste without. In the hardened state, the trend is reverse and the paste with SP exhibits higher elastic and creep moduli. A discussion follows, that proposes an interpretation based on a schematic representation of the microstructure derived from the Powers-Acker hydration model, and literature. We argue that the dispersing ability of the SP, well known to induce a more evenly distributed network of particles in the fresh cement state, persists in the hardened paste. The hypothetical finer microstructure, with a finer pore distribution, in the hardened paste containing SP, tentatively explains the higher moduli measured, and clarifies the apparently inconsistent mechanical behavior of the cement pastes prepared with and without a superplasticizer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03324-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of water-weakening of calcarenitic building stone using UPV: a first step from laboratory investigations towards on-site applications","authors":"Emilia Vasanelli,&nbsp;Matteo Sticchi,&nbsp;Gianni Blasi,&nbsp;Maria Antonietta Aiello","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03342-8","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03342-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-destructive evaluation of the compressive strength (UCS) of heritage building stones through ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing remains challenging, with moisture being one of the key factors often neglected in the UPV-UCS correlations. In most stones, water increases UPV while reducing UCS (water-weakening effect), making it difficult to establish a single UPV-UCS relationship under different moisture conditions. Calcarenitic stones represent an exception, as both UPV and UCS decrease with increasing water content. This distinctive behavior was investigated in the paper for Lecce stone, a calcarenite typical of southern Italy, with the aim of establishing a UPV-UCS correlation accounting for the effect of water. Experimental results obtained in the present study were combined with previous data collected by the authors on quarry and building blocks, yielding a dataset of 353 UPV-UCS pairs under dry and wet conditions. A single correlation was successfully derived that accounts for the effect of water. The applicability of the laboratory-derived correlation to on-site applications was subsequently evaluated. To this end, errors arising when moving from laboratory measurements on small samples in direct transmission mode to building blocks using different UPV methods were assessed. Pulse-echo tomography and indirect UPV testing by exponential transducers were investigated as techniques that overcome common difficulties in on-site measurements, namely the inaccessibility of both sides of materials and irregular surfaces. Results showed that sample geometry had a negligible influence on UPV, supporting the use of laboratory-derived correlations on masonry blocks. Pulse-echo tomography provided UPV values comparable to direct transmission measurements, demonstrating its potential for applications where access is limited, whereas indirect measurements with exponential transducers proved less reliable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium oxysulfate cement produced from calcined Mg(OH)2: hydration, microstructure and mechanical properties","authors":"Taís O. G. Freitas,&nbsp;Juan C. A. Molano,&nbsp;Adriano G. S. Azevedo,&nbsp;Gonzalo Mármol,&nbsp;Holmer Savastano Jr","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03349-1","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03349-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the hydration behaviour, phase assemblage, microstructure and mechanical performance of magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) cement produced with highly reactive MgO obtained by calcining Mg(OH)₂ (active MgO ≈ 89%). Formulations with MgO:MgSO₄ molar ratios of 5, 6 and 8 were evaluated. MOS pastes were prepared by increasing the MgO content while maintaining a fixed amount and concentration of the MgSO₄ solution. The pastes were characterised by isothermal calorimetry, pH measurements of diluted aqueous suspensions, X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Compressive strength was determined at 7 and 28 days. The main exothermic peak occurred at approximately 11–12 h, and most measurable phase transformations took place within the first 24 h. At 7 days, MOS5 contained approximately 40% of the 5 · 1 · 7 phase and 9.5% brucite, whereas MOS8 contained approximately 27% of the 5 · 1 · 7 phase and 28% brucite. A substantial amorphous fraction of approximately 40–46% persisted after the first day. At 28 days, compressive strength decreased from 59.6 MPa for MOS5 to 49.1 MPa for MOS8. The pH of the diluted aqueous suspensions remained between 9.51 and 10.19 over 91 days. The investigated Mg(OH)₂-derived MgO system exhibited rapid hydration and early phase stabilisation. Under the adopted formulation conditions, increasing MgO content at a fixed MgSO₄ solution composition was associated with greater brucite formation and lower 5 · 1 · 7 content. The strength trends were consistent with this phase balance, although simultaneous changes in water-to-binder ratio and fresh-state behaviour prevent the isolated effect of the MgO:MgSO₄ ratio from being established.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03349-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-evaluating the long-standing use of lime putty mortar for repairs of historic plaster and wall paintings","authors":"Mette Midtgaard,&nbsp;Julie Bartholdy","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03354-4","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03354-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study re-evaluates the suitability of the 1:2–3 (v:v) lime putty mortar used for the past 50 years as a repair material for lime-rich historic plaster, such as that supporting Danish medieval wall paintings. Hot-mixed lime-rich mortars are examined as a possible alternative. The study combines new and previously published data on medieval plaster and plaster mock-ups for conservation trials with new data from two case-study churches with original and repair plaster. Microstructural and functional compatibility were assessed using thin-section analysis, open porosity measurements, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and water absorption tests, applied to medieval plaster, original and repair plaster from the two case studies, as well as laboratory replicas using 1:3 lime putty mortar and 1:2, 1:1 and ~ 1.9:1 (v:v) hot-mixed mortars. The results show that the 1:2–3 plaster has a significantly coarser pore structure and a much slower water absorption rate than medieval plaster and the more lime-rich plaster made from hot-mixed mortars. This lower capillarity indicates that the 1:2–3 repairs are not ideal for lime-rich historic plaster; the greater capillarity of the historic plaster might draw moisture into the original plaster rather than the repair, risking accelerated deterioration. The case studies show differential deterioration between repairs and original plaster, consistent with this incompatibility, while hot-mixed repair mortars show closer microstructural and functional similarity to historic plaster. The study concludes that 1:2–3 lime putty repairs could be functionally incompatible with lime-rich historic plaster and might potentially harm it. In contrast, hot-mixed lime-rich repairs offer a more compatible alternative.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore-scale chemo-mechanical modelling of leaching in ordinary Portland cement","authors":"A. Mokos,&nbsp;S. C. Seetharam,&nbsp;J. Perko,&nbsp;Q. T. Phung,&nbsp;J. Xue,&nbsp;J. F. Shao,&nbsp;N. I. Prasianakis,&nbsp;S. V. Churakov","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03283-2","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03283-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerical homogenization, random dissolution model and direct reactive transport simulation based on pore scale Lattice Boltzmann method were applied to simulate microstructure evolution of ordinary cement paste upon leaching. The obtained microstructures were used to estimate the elastic moduli as function of the Ca-leached. For comparison, a simplistic approach was applied in which the leaching of CH and C–S–H were simulated randomly removing CH phase followed by removal of C–S–H. The estimated elastic moduli are then compared for different microstructure generation approaches and with volume-based homogenization approach. Comparison of reactive transport LB simulations of microstructure with random microstructure generation algorithm, suggest that at small degree of degradation the model predictions are rather close especially for the simplified scenario limited to CH leaching. The differences become more significant at the leaching level beyond 25%. The differences are related to the spatial distribution of LD C–S–H and HD C–S–H in the microstructural model. The calculated effective modulus of the cement paste with MT homogenization agrees very well with the numerical homogenization results for various degrees of CH dissolution and C–S–H dissolution, except at 100% CH dissolution where there is a noticeable deviation. The correspondence for the Poisson’s ratio between the two methods is also in excellent agreement. In particular, this study goes beyond the previous reactive transport modelling by considering kinetics of CH and C–S–H dissolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03283-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from the past to build the future: ancient lime binders as paleoinspiration for built heritage conservation and sustainable construction","authors":"Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03344-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03344-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aerial and hydraulic lime binders have been extensively used by many ancient civilizations since the Early Neolithic (ca. 10,000–12,000 <span>BCE</span>). They were, however, phased out after the invention of Portland cement. Yet, cement’s incompatibility with ancient masonry and high carbon footprint have resulted in the revival of lime as a compatible and more sustainable binder for built heritage conservation and modern construction. Still, lime shows some shortcomings, such as slow setting and carbonation hardening, and limited strength as compared with cement, hampering its current applications. There is, however, evidence on the outstanding strength, durability and resilience of lime-based mortars and plaster present in structures built by ancient civilizations. Here we present an historical overview of lime-based binders and describe examples of lime-based mortars and plasters present in ancient structures that unveil the secrets of ancient masons, paving the way for the design, via reverse engineering, of novel paleoinspired lime-based mortars and plaster with improved properties and performance. It is shown that paleoinspiration combined with biomimetic and reverse engineering approaches can result in the development of novel functional, compatible, durable, and sustainable lime-based binders for a better built environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}