Materials and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Effects of ferric oxide on the calcination and phase evolution of low-carbon calcium sulfoaluminate cement","authors":"Jiahao Li,&nbsp;Xujiang Wang,&nbsp;Xiang Lin,&nbsp;Deqiang Sun,&nbsp;Pingyang Zhang,&nbsp;Jiwen Liu,&nbsp;Jingwei Li,&nbsp;Jianyong Wang,&nbsp;Yan Ma,&nbsp;Wenlong Wang","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02718-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02718-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To achieve a low-carbon transition in the cement industry, Calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) has garnered significant attention, especially when raw materials are substituted with solid waste. Many solid wastes contain ferric oxide, which significantly effects the properties of cementitious materials. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the evolution of mineral phases during the calcination process of CSA with and without ferric oxide, limiting theoretical guidance for optimizing cement mineral phases based on calcination process. To address this problem, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld quantitative analysis, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the evolution of key mineral phases in CSA clinkers with and without Fe₂O₃ over the temperature range of 900 ~ 1250/1300 °C, as well as the influence of CaO content on these processes. The study revealed that the introduction of Fe₂O₃ enhances the reactivity of the mineral phase system at lower temperatures, accelerates the transformation of intermediate phases into target phases, and shifting the rapid reaction stage of C₄A₃$ from 1250 °C–1300 °C to 1150 °C–1250 °C. This shift allows for more C₄A₃$ formation through an intermediate phase (CA and CA₂), optimizing its generation pathway. While Fe₂O₃ accelerates the rapid reaction of C₄A₃$, it slightly reduces the selectivity of Ca²⁺ for C₂S, affecting its reaction process but having minimal impact on its final content. Increasing CaO content does not alter the original mineral phase system of the clinker but accelerates the chemical reaction rate of minerals, with this effect further enhanced in systems containing iron. Higher CaO content inhibits the substitution of Fe³⁺ for Al³⁺ in C₄A₃$, thereby reducing the overall amount of C₄A₃$ in clinker.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission characteristics and microplastic generation in recycled waste plastic modified asphalt mixtures","authors":"Soumyadeep Deb,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar,&nbsp;Nikhil Saboo","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02717-7","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02717-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sustainable application of recycled waste plastic-modified asphalt (RPMA) is hindered by limited understanding of associated airborne emissions and microplastic (MP) generation. This study evaluates emission characteristics of particulate matter (PM), six types of pollutant fumes, and MP generation from RPMA containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), sourced from three locations in India and incorporated via dry and wet methods. PM emissions varied by 1.56–10.1% (dry) and 0.11–18.06% (wet) compared to control mixes, with no significant influence from plastic type, dosage, or method. Pollutant fume levels were comparable to controls, though air quality index values consistently exceeded 200, indicating unhealthy conditions. MP generation was minimal due to improved adhesion in the composite asphalt matrix. While RPMA shows minimal additional emission impacts, improved air quality controls are advised for worker safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into structural performance of precast concrete frame beams reinforced with large-diameter, high-strength steel bars","authors":"Lu Jin,&nbsp;Yujing Guo,&nbsp;Ruotong Zhang,&nbsp;Qinghe Wang,&nbsp;Bin Shi,&nbsp;Chunyan Zhang,&nbsp;Ming Liu","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02695-w","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02695-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study introduces a novel precast concrete frame beam reinforced with large-diameter, high-strength steel bars. The investigation aims to address challenges related to poor construction quality and low efficiency, which commonly arise due to complex reinforcement patterns and excessive use of sleeves in assembling precast concrete elements. The research focused on key parameters, such as the diameter of tensile reinforcement bars and the inclusion of additional waist reinforcements. To assess the structural performance, monotonic static loading tests were conducted on two full-scale beam specimens. The study evaluated crucial aspects like load-bearing capacity, stress distribution, and failure mechanisms, through detailed observations of crack propagation and ultimate failure modes during the tests. The numerical models of the frame beam reinforced with large-diameter, high-strength steel bars were established using the finite element software. Additionally, an appropriate material constitutive relationship was identified for accurately simulating the static behavior of the components under investigation. The findings indicate that bending failure predominantly occurs at the fixed end of the frame beam. Specifically, the concrete in the lower flange of the fixed end is subjected to crushing under monotonic static loading. The introduction of additional waist reinforcements does not significantly enhance either the load-bearing capacity or the crack resistance of the specimens. The reinforced bilinear model and the concrete plastic damage model can accurately simulate the mechanical behavior of the precast concrete frame beams reinforced with large-diameter steel bars. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing the structural performance of such specialized precast concrete components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing anisotropic behaviour of 3D printed concrete through interlocked filaments","authors":"Jean-Pierre Mostert,&nbsp;Jacques Kruger","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02723-9","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02723-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three-dimensional printed concrete commonly exhibits anisotropic mechanical behaviour due to inherent weaknesses at filament interfaces, creating preferential failure planes. This study evaluates the efficacy of interlayer interlocking geometries in reducing anisotropic behaviour and improving mechanical performance. Three interlocking surface topologies (sinusoidal, square, inclined) were implemented using specially designed extrusion nozzles and compared against a flat reference geometry. Mechanical tests, including direct tensile and uniaxial compression tests, were conducted along three orthotropic loading directions: perpendicular (w), parallel (u), and transverse (v) to the printing orientation. All interlocking topologies substantially improved mechanical performance relative to the flat reference. The sinusoidal pattern consistently demonstrated the greatest improvement, increasing tensile strength in the w-direction by 213% and compressive strength by 45.1%. In the v-direction, the inclined pattern achieved the highest compressive gain (83.9%). Furthermore, the sinusoidal pattern exhibited near-isotropic behaviour, reducing the tensile anisotropy index from 2.29 to 0.16 and the compressive index from 0.37 to 0.05. While the inclined and square patterns also reduced anisotropy, their influence was comparatively moderate. Overall, the findings demonstrate that mechanical interlocking provides a viable, geometry-based strategy for mitigating anisotropy and enhancing the structural performance of 3D printed concrete, thereby supporting its broader adoption in structural applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02723-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on seismic behavior and damage models of BFRC and RC/ECC piers","authors":"Shengqiang Ma,&nbsp;Shenwei Chen,&nbsp;Wenjie Ma,&nbsp;Cailong Ma","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02699-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02699-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the use of highly ductile engineered cementitious composites (ECC) to replace ordinary concrete pier in the plastic hinge zone and compares them with basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) pier, with the aim of analyzing the difference in seismic performance between these two types of pier models (Reviewer #1, question 1). The seismic performance differences between these two types of piers were investigated and compared through quasi-static experiments and numerical simulations. Seismic performance indicators, such as experimental failure mode (Reviewer #1, question 3), hysteretic behavior, pier ductility, and energy dissipation capacity, were used to analyze the seismic performance differences between BFRC and RC/ECC composite piers. According to the experimental findings, the BFRC pier’s peak load capacity exceeds that of the RC/ECC composite pier by 15.1%, while the latter shows a 30.7% greater ultimate displacement compared to the BFRC pier. Numerical simulations, based on the experimental data, were performed, and the results demonstrated a high degree of agreement with the experimental observations. Numerical simulations show that increasing the axial load ratio leads to a marked decrease in the pier model's ultimate displacement. Moreover, at higher axial load ratios, the RC/ECC composite pier performs worse seismically than both the BFRC and RC piers. As the shear-span ratio increases, the ductility factor of the RC and RC/ECC composite piers first grows and then diminishes. However, the seismic performance of the BFRC pier is negatively affected by an increase in the shear-span ratio throughout. From the failure modes identified in the quasi-static tests, new damage models for RC, BFRC, and RC/ECC piers were suggested. The modified damage models were validated by comparing them with the observed damage curves, demonstrating their practicality and applicability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural behavior of reinforced low-carbon concrete beams adapted for precast","authors":"Mathieu Pellerano,&nbsp;Gabriel Samson,&nbsp;Zakaria Ilyes Djamaï,&nbsp;Anthony Calviac,&nbsp;Cédric Patapy,&nbsp;Martin Cyr","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02703-z","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02703-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates the structural behavior of two low-carbon self-compacting concretes in comparison to an Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete, used as a reference: a binary binder S70 (OPC substituted by 70% of ground granulated blast furnace slag, GGBS,−58% of carbon emission (em-CO₂) versus OPC) and a supersulfated cement SSC (− 78% of em-CO₂ versus OPC).</p><p>For each binder, a mechanical characterization through compressive strength, tensile strength and Young’s modulus tests after 28 days and 90 days, was carried out. Steel–concrete bonding at 28 days was also tested through pull-out tests. Additionally, two beams per binder (3-meter long, section 280 × 150 mm²) were cast, varying the longitudinal reinforcement section: a low steel reinforcement ratio (1.6 cm², <i>Conf1</i>) leading to steels rupture, and a high steel reinforcement ratio (7.1 cm², <i>Conf2</i>) for higher beam resistance. The design of the beams was made according to Eurocode 2. Beams were tested using 4-point bending test with the recording of strains at different locations of the beam using Digital Image Correlation (DIC).</p><p>For both configurations, S70 and SSC binders resulted in an equivalent load–deflection behavior compared to OPC beam, despite lower mechanical properties for SSC concrete, while reducing the associated carbon emissions. The DIC system helped to explain the observed fracture modes (reinforcements or “shear force” ruptures) and revealed slight differences in behavior between the beams, such as variations in the position of the neutral axis, as well as number of cracks and opening. These results suggest that structures with low-carbon binders can be dimensioned according to Eurocode 2, similar to OPC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02703-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of blended cements on the spalling behavior of concrete at elevated temperatures: a review","authors":"Tim Pittrich,&nbsp;Frank Weise,&nbsp;Ludwig Stelzner","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02713-x","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02713-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cement and concrete industries are striving to reduce the CO₂ emissions caused by the production of Portland cement. An effective way to achieve this is to replace Portland cement clinker with more environmentally friendly supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to produce blended cements. A variety of different SCMs are used today, from fly ash to more exotic options such as rice husk ash or waste glass powder. Depending on its material properties, concrete exposed to fire may experience spalling caused by thermomechanical and thermohydraulic mechanisms. Severe spalling leads to a reduction in the cross-section and exposure of the reinforcement, jeopardizing the load-bearing capacity of the concrete element. The use of blended cements changes the concrete properties which can affect spalling behavior at high temperatures. The link between high temperature and spalling behavior of concrete with blended cements has been investigated in several studies. A review of the existing literature led to the conclusion that the cement type influences the spalling behavior of concrete. However, the relationship does not appear to be clear, as there are contradictions and inconsistencies between the evaluated results. Therefore, further in-depth studies will help to gain a more precise understanding of the effects of blended cements on the spalling behavior of concrete at elevated temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02713-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of grouting defects on the mechanical performance of half-grouted connections at low and normal temperatures","authors":"Guodong Zhao,&nbsp;Lu Liu,&nbsp;Mingqian Wang,&nbsp;Qingyang Zhao,&nbsp;Zongjin Yang,&nbsp;Jie Song,&nbsp;Bo Cheng","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02714-w","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02714-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reports the results of an experimental study on the mechanical performance of half-grouted connections at low and normal temperatures. Thirty-five groups of half-grouted sleeve connection specimens were prepared and subjected to uniaxial tension, reversed tension, and high-stress compression testing. The test variables included the grouting defect position, defect length, grouting type, rebar offset, and loading type. Defect location was found to play an important role in the failure modes of the connections. As the defect location moved from one end of the connection to the middle, the failure mode changed from tensile fracture failure of the rebar to debonding failure between the rebar and sleeve. The defect length was found to be critical in determining the failure modes of the connections. For a defect length of one rebar diameter and twice the rebar diameter, the typical connection failure mode was tensile fracture failure of the rebar. When the defect length was up to three times the rebar diameter, debonding failure occurred between the rebar and sleeve in most connections. The grouting defects caused limited damage to the tensile capacity of the connections, with a maximum decrease of 5.2% in the specimens subjected to uniaxial tension and a maximum decrease of 10.7% in the specimens subjected to reversed tension and high-stress compression. The grouting defects however caused severe damage to the deformability of the connections, with a maximum decrease of 52.5% in the specimens subjected to uniaxial tension and a maximum decrease of 59.5% in the specimens subjected to reversed tension and high-stress compression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition-structure relationships for calcium aluminosilicate glasses","authors":"Subhashree Panda,&nbsp;Meili Liu,&nbsp;Rudra N. Purusottam,&nbsp;Jamie D. Walls,&nbsp;Luis Ruiz Pestana,&nbsp;Prannoy Suraneni","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02693-y","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02693-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Calcium aluminosilicate (CAS) glasses serve as ideal model systems for understanding the composition-structure relationships underpinning the performance of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) due to their simpler chemistry and reduced phase heterogeneity. Here, we investigate the structure of a broad compositional range of CAS glasses, including unprecedented high-CaO compositions, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. With increasing CaO content, the XRD hump maxima shifts towards higher diffraction angles and causes downfield shifts in the ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al NMR isotropic shift maxima, indicating reduced interatomic distances and decreased electron density around Si and Al nuclei, respectively. These trends, consistent with a depolymerized structure that is more compact and contains a higher number of non-bridging oxygens, also correlate strongly with changes in Si–O-Si and Al–O–Al bond angles predicted by atomistic simulations. FTIR spectra reveals shifts in T-O-T' bond vibrations to lower wavenumbers with increasing CaO, signifying a transition to less polymerized Qⁿ (Si, Al) species. Collectively, our results demonstrate the role of CaO in promoting network depolymerization, a crucial factor for SCM reactivity, and provide valuable insights into the structural evolution of CAS glasses as a function of composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02693-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of GGBS and fly ash on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and hydration of ferroaluminate cement","authors":"Pu Zhang,&nbsp;Xinze Chen,&nbsp;Dongyou Qi,&nbsp;Huizhong Li,&nbsp;Zhiyong Wang,&nbsp;Youyi Chen,&nbsp;Ganglian Hou,&nbsp;Dong Zhang","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02711-z","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02711-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ferroaluminate cement (FAC), characterized by low CO₂ emissions and enhanced durability due to iron-phase minerals, has emerged as a sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However, the influence of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the performance of FAC remains unclear. This study systematically investigated the effects of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (FA) at replacement ratios of 10, 20, and 30% on the workability, mechanical properties, and hydration mechanisms of FAC mortar. Results demonstrated that FAC exhibited a slightly lower water demand and about ~ 25 and 36% shorter initial and final setting time compared to OPC, attributed to the absence of C₃A/C₃S and rapid AFt formation. GGBS and FA could accelerate hydration of FAC and reduce the initial setting time by 26–76%, depending on the replacing ratio. However, the compressive strength of FAC significantly decreased with increasing amount of GGBS and FA. 30% replacement of GGBS and FA caused a 19.5% and 24.8% in 28 day compressive strength, respectively. This was mainly caused by the reduction in formation of AH₃ and C₂ASH₈ in the hydration products of FAC with GGBS/FA. Besides, FA promoted ettringite crystallization but introduced unreacted particles, while GGBS increased pore connectivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}