Materials and Structures最新文献_第4页

Comparison of curing methods for bulk electrical conductivity testing of cement pastes 水泥浆体电导率试验养护方法的比较

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-024-02558-w

Thomas Bernard, William Wilson

{"title":"Comparison of curing methods for bulk electrical conductivity testing of cement pastes","authors":"Thomas Bernard, William Wilson","doi":"10.1617/s11527-024-02558-w","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-024-02558-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predicting the service life of concrete is one of the main problems faced by civil engineers. Measuring its electrical conductivity is a promising method to quickly find a qualitative indication of the ionic diffusion behaviour of a cementitious mix and, therefore, of its durability. However, one limitation on the ability to quantitatively measure bulk conductivity is the effect of the curing method on the measurement. The main phenomenon that occurs during curing and affects the conductivity is the leaching of alkalis from the pore solution into the curing solution driven by the alkali concentration gradient between these two solutions. The pore solution is therefore depleted in alkalis, reducing both pore solution and bulk conductivity. However, previous work has shown that leaching is not the only effect that the curing solution can have on the bulk conductivity. To avoid these effects, the curing solution must simulate the pore solution at each moment of hydration and for each cementitious mix. For this purpose, different curing solutions based on a sacrificial powder, a reduced volume of curing solution, and a simulated pore solution are proposed and investigated experimentally. The results show that a small volume of curing solution is the most promising method to prevent leaching without affecting the hydration rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-024-02558-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient carbon sequestration of seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete: an experimental study 海水海砂再生骨料混凝土高效固碳试验研究

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02647-4

Xiaolong Hu, Jianzhuang Xiao, Kaijian Zhang, Tao Ding

{"title":"Efficient carbon sequestration of seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete: an experimental study","authors":"Xiaolong Hu, Jianzhuang Xiao, Kaijian Zhang, Tao Ding","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02647-4","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02647-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbonation has long been considered harmful to the durability of steel reinforced concrete structures especially with the increasing CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature globally. In coastal construction, the chloride ions even make it worse. By replacing the steel with chloride-insensitive reinforcement such as fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), sea sand is a potential alternative to river sand, even carbonation could be utilized due to the acid resistance of FRP. In this paper, seawater sea-sand recycled aggregate concrete (SSRAC) was prepared, which had different hydration and carbonation from ordinary concrete (OC). The test results showed that the carbonation depth at 28 days of SSRAC increased up to 179.13% of OC. A modified carbonation model based on pore evolution was established. On the other hand, the increasement of carbonatable material in SSRAC was up to 14.32%. Combined with this characteristic, the carbon emission and absorption assessment were carried out. It is found that the CO<sub>2</sub> absorption of SSRAC can be up to 325% of OC in 10 years’ service, and the total carbon emission including carbon sequestration over the whole life of SSRAC with a salinity of 4% is 45.73% of OC. This research verifies that it is expected to achieve more CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration rapidly in SSRAC, which could probably help design low-carbon concrete structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of concrete tension modulus, softening, and stiffening using distributed sensing 表征混凝土张力模量，软化，和加强使用分布式传感

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02655-4

Jacob Yager, Joshua E. Woods, Neil A. Hoult, Evan C. Bentz

{"title":"Characterization of concrete tension modulus, softening, and stiffening using distributed sensing","authors":"Jacob Yager, Joshua E. Woods, Neil A. Hoult, Evan C. Bentz","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02655-4","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02655-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To design and assess reinforced concrete (RC) structures more accurately thus enabling more efficient use of materials, improved material models are required. Distributed sensing technologies have the potential to provide the data to support the development of these improved models. In this study, twelve specimens with varying types of concrete and reinforcement ratios were monitored with distributed fibre optic sensors (DFOS) and digital image correlation (DIC) while being loaded in direct tension. Strain data from DFOS and crack width data from DIC were used to quantify three material models required for accurate analysis: the concrete Young’s modulus prior to cracking, tension softening, and average and distributed tension stiffening. The results showed that the uncracked concrete stress–strain response was non-linear leading to a non-linear Young’s modulus. Reinforcement ratio was found to influence cracking strength, tension stiffening, and tension softening, which many current models do not consider. Tension softening was observed at larger surface crack widths than in plain concrete that form the basis for existing tension softening models. Lastly, crack spacing was found to influence tension stiffening behaviour. Each of these findings suggest that current models do not fully capture the behaviour of RC and that there are opportunities to improve RC analysis techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling the ultimate shear behaviour of UHPFRC deep beams UHPFRC深梁极限抗剪性能模拟

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02660-7

Eissa Fathalla, Yasas Lamawansa, Boyan Mihaylov

{"title":"Modelling the ultimate shear behaviour of UHPFRC deep beams","authors":"Eissa Fathalla, Yasas Lamawansa, Boyan Mihaylov","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02660-7","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02660-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the ability of deep beams to transfer loads by direct strut action, they are often used to resist large shear forces. In the past decade, researchers have studied the use of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced-concrete (UHPFRC) in deep beams due to its enhanced mechanical and durability properties compared to other materials (i.e., reinforced concrete and fiber-reinforced-concrete). However, there is still a need for adequate mechanical models to predict the shear strength of UHPFRC deep beams in a simple and rational manner. To address this gap, the current study proposes a kinematic-based model incorporating structural fundamentals: compatibility of deformations, constitutive relationships, and equilibrium. The proposed model stems from a kinematic-based model developed for the ultimate shear behaviour of FRC deep beams, and it accounts for the enhanced mechanical properties of UHPFRC. The model is validated using 23 tests featuring a wide range of properties. The model adequately predicts the shear strength with an average experimental-to-predicted ratio of 1.07 and a coefficient of variation of 14.7%. Additionally, the effect of the main test variables on the shear strength is also found to be well captured in demonstration of the reliability of the proposed model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of crack width on carbonation depths in functionally layered concrete 裂缝宽度对功能层状混凝土碳化深度的影响

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02643-8

Jessica C. Forsdyke, Janet M. Lees

引用次数: 0

Seismic performance of confined brick masonry structure for multistory buildings: a comparative study 多层建筑约束砖砌体结构抗震性能对比研究

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02665-2

Shoaib Ur Rehman, Yongbo Peng

{"title":"Seismic performance of confined brick masonry structure for multistory buildings: a comparative study","authors":"Shoaib Ur Rehman, Yongbo Peng","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02665-2","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02665-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unreinforced masonry buildings experience significant damage during seismic events, often resulting in substantial structural failure and loss of life. This study investigates the use of confined brick masonry structures (CBMS) to reduce seismic vulnerability in residential buildings. The primary contribution of this research is the comparison between CBMS, conventional masonry structures (CMS), and frame structures (FS) in terms of seismic performance. Numerical models of CMS, FS, and CBMS structures are first developed using ABAQUS software. A nonlinear time-history analysis scheme is then employed, applying gravity loads followed by seismic loads at the base. The numerical analysis incorporates geometric and material nonlinearities to simulate seismic responses of structures. The results indicate that the CBMS exhibits higher seismic performance, displaying lower deformation and displacement compared to the CMS and the FS under the same earthquake ground motions. The concrete confinement in the CBMS enhances their ductility, flexibility, and overall resilience, offering a new approach to mitigate seismic damage in residential buildings. This study’s findings contribute to the advancement of seismic design methodologies, providing valuable insights into the use of CBMS in earthquake-resistant construction. Further researches are recommended to evaluate CBMS’s integrity in collapse scenarios, conduct cost-benefit analyses, and examine their responses under earthquake ground motions at various site conditions for more comprehensive insights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of simulated weathering conditions on the NOX and SOX removal rates of permeable concrete blocks with porous materials 模拟风化条件对多孔材料透水混凝土砌块NOX和SOX去除率的影响

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02653-6

Jae-Il Sim, Ju-Hyun Mun, Keun-Hyeok Yang, Jong-Won Kim, Yeon-Back Jung, Se-Jin Choi, Cong Thang Nguyen

{"title":"Effect of simulated weathering conditions on the NOX and SOX removal rates of permeable concrete blocks with porous materials","authors":"Jae-Il Sim, Ju-Hyun Mun, Keun-Hyeok Yang, Jong-Won Kim, Yeon-Back Jung, Se-Jin Choi, Cong Thang Nguyen","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02653-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02653-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the effects of simulated weathering conditions on the NO<sub><i>X</i></sub> and SO<sub><i>X</i></sub> removal rates of permeable concrete blocks with embedded porous materials. To provide NO<sub><i>X</i></sub> and SO<sub><i>X</i></sub> removal, titanium oxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles or coconut shell carbon (CS) powders and zeolite beads (ZB) were embedded in permeable concrete blocks during their production. Permeable concrete blocks were produced with different embedding ratios of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles or CS powders using an actual factory production line of Company C in Korea. Leaching, freeze–thawing, and high and low temperatures were applied to each block to simulate weathering conditions. Test results reveal that the specimens with a 5% TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle embedding ratio experienced reductions in NO<sub><i>X</i></sub> and SO<sub><i>X</i></sub> removal rates of approximately 17.7% and 19.5% respectively, after exposure to 10 leaching cycles and 300 freeze–thawing cycles, compared to unexposed specimens. However, the values were not affected by the high or low temperatures and remained similar to those of the unexposed specimens. In particular, the NO<sub><i>X</i></sub> and SO<sub><i>X</i></sub> removal rates of the specimens with a 5% CS powder embedding ratio exceeded 25.8% and 97.5%, respectively, and maintained similar values after exposure to leaching, freeze–thawing, and high- and low-temperature weathering conditions. Considering that TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles can only be removed in an environment with ultraviolet light and NO<sub><i>X</i></sub> removal rates were reduced in water environments, such as leaching and freeze–thawing, CS powders and ZB are promising materials for the stable reduction of NO<sub><i>X</i></sub> and SO<sub><i>X</i></sub> even in external weathering conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct aqueous carbonation of electric arc furnace slag: process optimisation through experimental design 电弧炉渣直接水碳酸化：通过实验设计优化工艺

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02661-6

Francesca Bonfante, Giuseppe Ferrara, Pedro Humbert, Davide Garufi, Jean-Marc Tulliani, Paola Palmero

{"title":"Direct aqueous carbonation of electric arc furnace slag: process optimisation through experimental design","authors":"Francesca Bonfante, Giuseppe Ferrara, Pedro Humbert, Davide Garufi, Jean-Marc Tulliani, Paola Palmero","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02661-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02661-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>At present, one of the strategies to reduce the embodied carbon of cement is to partly replace clinker with metallurgical slags. In this perspective, this study investigates the accelerated aqueous carbonation of electric arc furnace slag as possible treatment for its reuse in the cement industry. In view of developing a low-energy and industrially integrated process, mild carbonation conditions were selected: ambient pressure, low liquid-to-solid ratio, minimised temperature (between 20 °C and 60 °C) and short duration time (ranging from 20 to 60 min). To optimise the carbonation process, a design of experiments was developed. The Response Surface Methodology showed a non-representative trend along time. Therefore, a non-linear model was adopted for a better prediction of CO<sub>2</sub> content above 50 min. The results were satisfactory with an optimum CO<sub>2</sub> uptake of 7.7% and the carbonation degree obtained, 30.2%, was the highest registered in previous literature for open systems. Moreover, a literature analysis on previous aqueous and wet direct carbonation of Electric Arc Furnace slag was carried out using Principal Component analysis. This exploratory data analysis identified the most effective carbonation parameters based on the reactor type and suggested the investigation of further parameters such as liquid-to-solid ratio and CO<sub>2</sub> flow rate and partial pressure, maintaining the perspective of a sustainable process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02661-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design method for aggregate gradation of porous asphalt mixture based on target air voids 基于目标空隙的多孔沥青混合料级配设计方法

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02668-z

Weidong Cao, Chuanyi Ma, Xiudong Zhang, Jingchen Li, Yingjian Li, Zunhao Zhan

{"title":"Design method for aggregate gradation of porous asphalt mixture based on target air voids","authors":"Weidong Cao, Chuanyi Ma, Xiudong Zhang, Jingchen Li, Yingjian Li, Zunhao Zhan","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02668-z","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02668-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The air voids is a critical indicator in the design of porous asphalt mixture (PA). Currently, aggregate gradation design for PA uses air voids solely as a verification indicator, rather than integrating it directly into the gradation design process, which may lead to PA design tedious and time-consuming. The objective of this study was to present a method for designing the aggregate gradation of PA based on the target air voids. Initially, using the volume composition of compacted asphalt mixtures and the formula for estimating asphalt-aggregate ratio, a physical model was established to link air voids with the content of fine materials (i.e. passing percentage of key sieves). Subsequently, a determination method for the critical parameter of the percentage voids in coarse aggregate (VCA) within the physical model was provided based on the skeleton stability of coarse aggregate using a penetration test. Finally, a procedure for designing the aggregate gradation of PA based on target air voids was proposed employing the established physical model. Additionally, an applied case study on the gradation design of PA-13 was presented, verifying the effectiveness of the method. The design method proposed in the paper can serve as a reference for aggregate gradation design of PAs with various requirements for air voids, significantly reducing the experimental workloads and time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating the fatigue life of asphalt pavements under different aging levels using the three-point bending cylinder (3PBC) test and mechanistic-empirical analysis 采用三点弯曲圆柱体（3PBC）试验和力学-经验分析方法研究了不同老化水平下沥青路面的疲劳寿命

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02659-0

Aksel Seitllari

{"title":"Investigating the fatigue life of asphalt pavements under different aging levels using the three-point bending cylinder (3PBC) test and mechanistic-empirical analysis","authors":"Aksel Seitllari","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02659-0","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02659-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate evaluation and prediction of fatigue performance are crucial for extending the service life of asphalt pavements. Asphalt materials exhibit complex behavior influenced by varying temperatures and loading conditions, with aging being a key factor in the early deterioration of pavement structures. Alongside aging, mix design factors, individually or combined, also play a significant role in the fatigue cracking performance of bituminous mixtures. Despite recent advances, the complex relationship between aging and mix design factors affecting asphalt pavement fatigue performance remains not fully understood. Additionally, a standardized testing procedure has yet to be established. This research investigates the impact of aging on the fatigue resistance and long-term performance of three dense-graded asphalt mixtures while also considering the influence of mix design variables. To assess fatigue performance, the recently developed ASTM D8458-22 three-point bending cylinder test in conjunction with the viscoelastic continuum damage model was employed. The study further incorporates mechanistic-empirical analyses to forecast the long-term behavior of three distinct pavement designs under various aging scenarios. The results indicate a clear correlation between aging duration and the decline in fatigue performance of asphalt mixtures. Several critical mix design factors, including aggregate gradation, binder content, and performance grade, significantly influence the rate of aging. Additionally, the mechanistic-empirical analysis reveals an interesting difference in the effects of aging. While it reduces bottom-up fatigue performance, making the mixture more susceptible to fatigue cracking from the lower layers, it simultaneously enhances resistance to top-down fatigue cracking, which originates at the pavement surface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0