Materials and Structures最新文献_第4页

Recommendation of RILEM TC 269-IAM: damage assessment in consideration of repair/retrofit-recovery in concrete and masonry structures by means of innovative NDT

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-024-02524-6

Tomoki Shiotani, Kazuo Watabe, RILEM Technical Committee

引用次数: 0

Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: phase assemblage alterations and carbonation potential of mortar with blended cements induced by long duration carbonation exposure

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-024-02555-z

Juan M. Etcheverry, Natalia Alderete, Marlene Sakoparnig, Hanne Vanoutrive, Cyrill Grengg, Elke Gruyaert, Nele De Belie

{"title":"Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: phase assemblage alterations and carbonation potential of mortar with blended cements induced by long duration carbonation exposure","authors":"Juan M. Etcheverry, Natalia Alderete, Marlene Sakoparnig, Hanne Vanoutrive, Cyrill Grengg, Elke Gruyaert, Nele De Belie","doi":"10.1617/s11527-024-02555-z","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-024-02555-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Replacement of Portland cement is a practical strategy to reduce concrete manufacturing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. However, this approach typically results in a diminished portlandite content in the hardened mix, elevating the risk of carbonation-induced corrosion in steel-reinforced concrete. Carbonation is frequently studied by exposing the samples to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> levels (1% and 20%). However, the carbonation process and its by-products might differ markedly under natural conditions. In the context of RILEM TC 281-CCC ‘Carbonation of Concrete with SCMs’, a comprehensive three-year natural carbonation study on mortar samples was carried out across three laboratories. Samples were made with commercially available cement (CEM I, CEM II/B-V, CEM III/B). This study examined two natural carbonation scenarios: one in a regulated climate chamber and the other outdoors, protected from direct rainfall. The progression of carbonation was determined using a phenolphthalein indicator and compared to optical pH measurements. The phase composition was analysed by X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, the CO<sub>2</sub> capture in three-year-old naturally carbonated samples was assessed and contrasted against the reactive CaO content. The thermogravimetric analysis data revealed a non-linear relationship between the portlandite content in the uncarbonated zone and the carbonation rate. A reduced clinker content leads to lower pH values in carbonated and uncarbonated zones. Notably, samples containing CEM II displayed the largest formation of CaCO<sub>3</sub> which, divided by the theoretical maximum amount of CaCO<sub>3</sub> from reactive CaO, signifies the highest degree of carbonation among the cement types studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geometrical quality inspection in 3D concrete printing using AI-assisted computer vision

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02594-0

Weijiu Cui, Wenliang Liu, Ruyi Guo, Da Wan, Xiaona Yu, Luchuan Ding, Yaxin Tao

{"title":"Geometrical quality inspection in 3D concrete printing using AI-assisted computer vision","authors":"Weijiu Cui, Wenliang Liu, Ruyi Guo, Da Wan, Xiaona Yu, Luchuan Ding, Yaxin Tao","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02594-0","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02594-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>3D concrete printing is an innovative technology poised to transform the construction industry by enabling the automated, layer-by-layer creation of structures directly from digital models. This approach offers numerous advantages over traditional construction methods, including reduced labor costs, faster build times, and the ability to produce complex geometries with high precision. However, unlike conventional mold-cast concrete, 3D printable concrete must support itself without external formwork, posing significant challenges related to material deformation during the printing process. Uncontrolled deformation can lead to structural instability, design deviations, and cumulative errors. Traditional methods for monitoring the geometrical quality of 3D-printed concrete are often insufficient in accuracy and efficiency. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new opportunities for addressing these challenges. AI-assisted methods leverage machine learning to analyze large datasets, enabling more accurate predictions and real-time monitoring and control of deformation during the 3D printing process. In this paper, we explored the application of AI-assisted methods for real-time deformation analysis in 3D concrete printing. Specifically, the Yolo-v5 algorithm, an AI-assisted object detection technique, was employed for the computer vision of extruded concrete filaments. Several quantitative metrics were proposed, including the layer height, layer angle, and curvature. In addition, the rheological properties of 3D-printed concrete were measured to refine the computer vision analysis results. Through experimental validation, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed AI-assisted computer vision system in monitoring the 3D concrete printing process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02594-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implementing the effect of geopolymer concrete pore solution pH in the standard rapid migration test NT Build 492 protocol

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02586-0

Yu Pang, Quang Dieu Nguyen, Arnaud Castel

{"title":"Implementing the effect of geopolymer concrete pore solution pH in the standard rapid migration test NT Build 492 protocol","authors":"Yu Pang, Quang Dieu Nguyen, Arnaud Castel","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02586-0","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02586-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigates the impact of the pore solution pH values on chloride content at the colour change boundary determined according to the standard rapid migration test (NT Build 492), with a focus on alkali-activated materials, so-called geopolymer. The study investigates a range of geopolymer formulations using various proportions of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash, and calcined clay, alongside different activator concentrations, to examine their influence on the pH value of the pore solution. Findings from this study suggest that the pH value of the pore solution greatly influence in the chloride ion concentration at the colour change boundary, which should be accounted for in the calculation of the non-steady-state migration coefficients (D<sub>nssm</sub>). It is noted that mixtures with higher GGBFS content exhibit higher pH values than mixtures containing fly ash or calcined clay, impacting the D<sub>nssm</sub>. The results advocate for modifications to the standard NT Build 492 protocol to enhance its applicability and accuracy for geopolymer materials, emphasizing the importance of using revised D<sub>nssm</sub> values calculated considering the unique properties of geopolymer concrete for more durability assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02586-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of coarse or fine aggregate reactivity on bonding deterioration of reinforced concrete exposed to alkali–silica reaction

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02587-z

Maryam Abbasiyan Taeb, Freydoon Rezaie, Ebrahim Ghiasvand

{"title":"Effect of coarse or fine aggregate reactivity on bonding deterioration of reinforced concrete exposed to alkali–silica reaction","authors":"Maryam Abbasiyan Taeb, Freydoon Rezaie, Ebrahim Ghiasvand","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02587-z","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02587-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Composite performance in concrete structures requires steel–concrete bonding. Environmental conditions prone to alkali–silica reaction (ASR) steadily impact the mechanical properties of concrete, including its bond strength. This research aims to investigate the effect of reactive aggregate size on the bond strength of concrete in ASR environmental conditions. To this end, four mixtures were prepared with different combinations of reactive and non-reactive fine and coarse aggregates. Then, Reinforced Concrete (RC) blocks with 12 and 16 mm rebars were cast with these various mixtures. These specimens were immersed in NaOH solution at high temperature for 3 or 6 months to accelerate the ASR. Subsequently, the pull-out test (POT) was performed to evaluate the bond strength of the concrete blocks. The results showed that with the passage of time and intensification of the ASR, the ultimate bond stress decreased. Also, with the decrease in reactive aggregate size in the concrete mixture, the ultimate bond stress loss intensified. The ultimate bond stress of the 12 mm rebars embedded in the RC blocks where reactive gravel was solely used decreased by 5.8% and 8.2% compared to RC blocks where reactive sand was solely used, after 6 months of immersion. Moreover, the variation in the reactive aggregate size or immersion duration did not affect the failure mode of the specimens with the same diameter rebar. However, by changing the rebar diameter from 12 to 16 mm, the ASR caused a variation in the failure mode of the specimens. Finally, a proposed bond-slip model was employed for the pull-out specimens by adjusting the coefficients within the CEB-FIB model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat and mass transfer in heated concrete: evaluation and validation of five numerical models

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-024-02532-6

Benedikt Weber, Colin T. Davie, Alain Millard, Jiayi Wang, Dorjan Dauti, Yiming Zhang, Jean-Christophe Mindeguia, Matthias Zeiml, Stefano Dal Pont, Francesco Pesavento

{"title":"Heat and mass transfer in heated concrete: evaluation and validation of five numerical models","authors":"Benedikt Weber, Colin T. Davie, Alain Millard, Jiayi Wang, Dorjan Dauti, Yiming Zhang, Jean-Christophe Mindeguia, Matthias Zeiml, Stefano Dal Pont, Francesco Pesavento","doi":"10.1617/s11527-024-02532-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-024-02532-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modeling concrete at elevated temperatures is essential to understanding the behavior of structural elements during fire, particularly with respect to spalling. To accurately predict temperatures and pore pressures, models must be validated against experimental data. However, most models in the literature focus on replicating experimental outcomes and often rely on input parameters sourced from the literature or determined by empirical tuning. To explore this further, a study of five models was conducted as part of the activities of the RILEM Technical Committee 256-SPF. On the theoretical side, state-of-the-art formulations are reviewed and similarities and differences between implementations are discussed. Using input parameters from various test reports, simulations of temperatures and pore pressures were performed and compared with test results for two types of concrete. While all of the models gave satisfactory results, they did so only when permeability values were applied that were significantly lower than those obtained from the standard tests. Since this trend was consistent across all models, it suggests that the permeability of concrete under heating conditions differs from that measured in standard material tests. As noted by some researchers, gas permeability in concrete is altered by the presence of water, probably due to swelling and rehydration. Identifying an accurate permeability value for these conditions remains an open research challenge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of physicochemical composition of asphalt/aggregate and multi-scale analysis of interfacial adhesion behavior

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02592-2

Guoqing Sun, Jiupeng Zhang, Zhenxing Niu, Yucheng Huang, Peixin Shi, Shuxian Zhang

{"title":"Characterization of physicochemical composition of asphalt/aggregate and multi-scale analysis of interfacial adhesion behavior","authors":"Guoqing Sun, Jiupeng Zhang, Zhenxing Niu, Yucheng Huang, Peixin Shi, Shuxian Zhang","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02592-2","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02592-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper comprehensively studies the interface characters and behaviors of asphalt-aggregate by laboratory tests and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. To accurately build the molecular model of asphalt-aggregate interface system and explore the nano-scale adhesion mechanism, the physicochemical composition of SARA components (saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene) is characterized by macro–micro tests including SARA components separation and elemental analyzer. The mineral composition of aggregate is analyzed by X-ray diffraction test. The adhesion work, diffusion behavior and relative distribution of SARA components on aggregate surface are analyzed based on MD simulations. The results show that the influence of aggregate type on adhesion work is higher than that of asphalt type. The interfacial adhesion strength law obtained by pull-off test is highly consistent with the simulation results. Diffusion behavior is related to the polarity and proportion of SARA components and mineral types. Polar components have strong adhesion to minerals and are concentrated near the surface of minerals, and they are easily adsorbed on the surfaces of alkaline minerals such as calcite and albite. The adsorption characteristics of mineral surface will be affected by the proportion of SARA components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How shearing affects air dissolution in fresh cement pastes under pressure

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02593-1

Daniel Galvez-Moreno, Dimitri Feys, Kyle Riding

{"title":"How shearing affects air dissolution in fresh cement pastes under pressure","authors":"Daniel Galvez-Moreno, Dimitri Feys, Kyle Riding","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02593-1","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02593-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The air-void system of concrete is of paramount importance to ensure freeze–thaw durability. Pumping induces detrimental changes in the air-void system of concrete by dissolving the air bubbles in the surrounding water when pressure increases due to the pump action. This research work investigates the influence of shear rate and air-void size distribution on air dissolution with time of cement pastes under pressure. Steady-state shear rheology at different shear rates was applied on samples of different air-void size distributions but similar air contents. Due to the low capillary number of the mixtures, the application of pressure caused a decrease in viscosity. With increased applied shear rate and increased fineness of the air-void size distribution, the decrease in viscosity was more abrupt, indicating that the air dissolved almost immediately. Coarser air-void size distributions and lower shear rates caused a more gradual decrease in viscosity and thus a slower air dissolution. All experimental air dissolution times were lower than the calculated time needed for dissolution by pure diffusion. These results on the combined effect of pressure, duration, shear rate and air-void size distribution create the basis for a deeper understanding of the behavior of the air-void system of concrete during pumping.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02593-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of the linear amplitude sweep as accelerated fatigue protocol for damage resistance estimation of asphalt binder

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-025-02589-x

Chao Wang, Yanguang Sun, Zhengyang Ren

{"title":"Validation of the linear amplitude sweep as accelerated fatigue protocol for damage resistance estimation of asphalt binder","authors":"Chao Wang, Yanguang Sun, Zhengyang Ren","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02589-x","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02589-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, the linear amplitude sweep test (LAS) and the time sweep (TS) test under dynamic shear are widely used to evaluate the damage resistance of paving asphalt. This paper attempts to demonstrate the possibility of using the LAS test as the accelerated fatigue protocol for damage resistance estimation of asphalt from perspectives of crack initiation and propagation. Both the finite element (FE) simulation and experimental work based on fracture mechanics are conducted for this purpose, followed by the verification on the traditional TS fatigue test. The FE model of the cylindrical asphalt sample is created by means of the FRANC2d/L software to identify the cracking mode under the crack propagation phase. The LAS test results show that the damage evolution behavior follows the two-phase crack growth (TPCG) model and the crack propagation is governed by mode-I cracking, which is consistent to the FE-based numerical simulation. The TS test results show that the TPCG model in the LAS protocol can be utilized to reasonably distinguish the crack initiation and propagation resistance of different asphalts. The polymer modification on asphalt can significantly improve its fatigue damage resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State-of-the-art on impact and explosion behaviour of concrete structures: report of RILEM TC 288-IEC

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-024-02557-x

Ezio Cadoni, Alejandro Pérez Caldentey, Matteo Colombo, Avraham N. Dancygier, Marco di Prisco, Hezi Grisaro, Paolo Martinelli, Josko Ožbolt, Małgorzata Pająk, Jaap Weerheijm

{"title":"State-of-the-art on impact and explosion behaviour of concrete structures: report of RILEM TC 288-IEC","authors":"Ezio Cadoni, Alejandro Pérez Caldentey, Matteo Colombo, Avraham N. Dancygier, Marco di Prisco, Hezi Grisaro, Paolo Martinelli, Josko Ožbolt, Małgorzata Pająk, Jaap Weerheijm","doi":"10.1617/s11527-024-02557-x","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-024-02557-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extreme loads can arise from accidents such as vehicle collisions or airplane crashes, as well as deliberate acts of terrorism or military attacks involving blasts and fragmentation. Blast overpressure can also occur accidentally, for example, from explosions of hazardous materials such as gas. Distinguishing between accidental and deliberate loads is crucial for designing appropriate protection measures. The repercussions of extreme loading events can be devastating, leading to injuries, loss of life, economic setbacks, and significant social disruption. These consequences result not only from the direct effects of impacts or explosions, but also from secondary factors such as structural collapse, which is particularly concerning due to its potential for widespread devastation and substantial losses. Efforts to enhance the protection of concrete structures have focused on understanding the properties of construction materials and how structures respond to impact and blast loads. This document presents a comprehensive overview of RILEM TC 288-IEC, aiming to provide essential guidance for designing concrete structures to withstand extreme dynamic loads. This emphasizes the importance of a thorough understanding and accurate modelling of loading scenarios and material behaviour. By implementing the strategies outlined in this document, engineers can enhance the safety and resilience of structures facing such challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-024-02557-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0