Bleeding of Portland composite cements

IF 3.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
Adrian Chajec, Maciej Zając, Łukasz Sadowski
{"title":"Bleeding of Portland composite cements","authors":"Adrian Chajec,&nbsp;Maciej Zając,&nbsp;Łukasz Sadowski","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02792-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bleeding remains a critical issue in the performance and durability of cementitious composites, particularly in systems incorporating mineral powders (MPs). This study investigates the bleeding behaviour of Portland cement pastes modified with granite powder (GP), limestone powder (LP), and siliceous fly ash (FA) at varying substitution levels (10–30 wt.%). A comprehensive experimental programme was designed to correlate bleeding intensity with the physical and morphological properties of the powders, including particle size distribution, specific surface area (BET), shape descriptors (Roundness, Area ratio, Aspect ratio), and density. Advanced monitoring techniques—ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and electrical conductivity measurements—were employed to track structural changes during the first 100 min of hydration. The results demonstrate that bleeding is primarily governed by powder morphology and density, rather than early-age reactivity. Powders with angular grains and high specific surface area (e.g., GP and LP) effectively reduce bleeding through enhanced particle packing and accelerated structure formation, whereas FA—with its lower density and spherical morphology—significantly increases bleeding capacity. Strong linear correlations were identified between bleeding volume and both UPV and electrical conductivity, supporting their application as non-destructive indicators of water migration and early matrix consolidation. A five-phase mechanistic model describing the evolution of bleeding is proposed, integrating gravitational settling, hydration kinetics, and structural stiffening. The study highlights that proper bleeding control in sustainable cement systems requires not only chemical compatibility but a targeted optimisation of particle shape, size, and density. These insights offer practical implications for the formulation of low-bleed, eco-efficient binders incorporating industrial by-products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02792-w.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Materials and Structures","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1617/s11527-025-02792-w","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Bleeding remains a critical issue in the performance and durability of cementitious composites, particularly in systems incorporating mineral powders (MPs). This study investigates the bleeding behaviour of Portland cement pastes modified with granite powder (GP), limestone powder (LP), and siliceous fly ash (FA) at varying substitution levels (10–30 wt.%). A comprehensive experimental programme was designed to correlate bleeding intensity with the physical and morphological properties of the powders, including particle size distribution, specific surface area (BET), shape descriptors (Roundness, Area ratio, Aspect ratio), and density. Advanced monitoring techniques—ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and electrical conductivity measurements—were employed to track structural changes during the first 100 min of hydration. The results demonstrate that bleeding is primarily governed by powder morphology and density, rather than early-age reactivity. Powders with angular grains and high specific surface area (e.g., GP and LP) effectively reduce bleeding through enhanced particle packing and accelerated structure formation, whereas FA—with its lower density and spherical morphology—significantly increases bleeding capacity. Strong linear correlations were identified between bleeding volume and both UPV and electrical conductivity, supporting their application as non-destructive indicators of water migration and early matrix consolidation. A five-phase mechanistic model describing the evolution of bleeding is proposed, integrating gravitational settling, hydration kinetics, and structural stiffening. The study highlights that proper bleeding control in sustainable cement systems requires not only chemical compatibility but a targeted optimisation of particle shape, size, and density. These insights offer practical implications for the formulation of low-bleed, eco-efficient binders incorporating industrial by-products.

波特兰复合水泥的出血
渗漏仍然是影响胶凝复合材料性能和耐久性的关键问题,特别是在含有矿物粉末(MPs)的系统中。本研究研究了花岗岩粉(GP)、石灰石粉(LP)和硅质粉煤灰(FA)在不同取代水平(10-30 wt.%)下改性波特兰水泥浆的出血行为。设计了一个综合的实验方案,将出血强度与粉末的物理和形态特性联系起来,包括粒度分布、比表面积(BET)、形状描述符(圆度、面积比、宽高比)和密度。采用先进的监测技术-超声脉冲速度(UPV)和电导率测量-来跟踪水化前100分钟的结构变化。结果表明,出血主要由粉末形态和密度决定,而不是早期反应性。具有角状颗粒和高比表面积的粉末(如GP和LP)通过增强颗粒堆积和加速结构形成有效地减少了出血,而fa -其较低的密度和球形形态-显着增加了出血能力。出血量与UPV和电导率之间存在很强的线性相关性,支持它们作为水迁移和早期基质固结的非破坏性指标的应用。提出了一个描述出血演化的五阶段机制模型,整合了重力沉降、水化动力学和结构硬化。该研究强调,在可持续水泥体系中,适当的出血控制不仅需要化学相容性,还需要有针对性地优化颗粒形状、大小和密度。这些见解为结合工业副产品的低排放、生态高效粘合剂的配方提供了实际意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Materials and Structures
Materials and Structures 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
7.90%
发文量
222
审稿时长
5.9 months
期刊介绍: Materials and Structures, the flagship publication of the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM), provides a unique international and interdisciplinary forum for new research findings on the performance of construction materials. A leader in cutting-edge research, the journal is dedicated to the publication of high quality papers examining the fundamental properties of building materials, their characterization and processing techniques, modeling, standardization of test methods, and the application of research results in building and civil engineering. Materials and Structures also publishes comprehensive reports prepared by the RILEM’s technical committees.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信