Materials and Structures最新文献

{"title":"A molecular dynamics study on kaolinite-water-CMC mixture for 3D printing applications","authors":"Ruifeng Di,&nbsp;Anna Lushnikova,&nbsp;Olivier Plé","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02788-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02788-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Clay materials are widely distributed on Earth, but their sensitivity to water has limited their use as building materials (rammed earth, molded or 3D printed earth). As a family of inorganic layered nanomaterials, understanding clay’s atomic-scale mechanical behavior is crucial for uncovering its macroscopic properties, and environmental interactions and using it effectively as a building material. In this study, a hydrated kaolinite model was constructed using molecular dynamics, incorporating carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) molecules. The microstructure and interfacial stick–slip friction behavior of two atomics models under varying confining pressures were examined. The results indicate that interlayer spacing gradually decreases with increasing confining pressure. At higher water pressures, interlayer water molecules reach an almost stagnant state, while at lower pressures, the water molecules in the kaolinite-CMC system exhibit higher activity. Both models display stick–slip behavior during shear processes, and comparisons of stress–strain curves at different shear rates suggest that CMC reduces the model’s average shear force. The presence of CMC increases the interlayer spacing of kaolinite, thus decreasing cohesion and the friction angle of the model. Additionally, the effectiveness of CMC additions improves with increasing shear rates. Finally, the results of this research could be used to understand the rheology of raw earth with bio-sourced materials mixture in 3D printing applications or rammed earth applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability assessment of MgO/hydromagnesite mortars—Resistance to chlorides and corrosion","authors":"Fabio Enrico Furcas,&nbsp;Alexander German,&nbsp;Frank Winnefeld,&nbsp;Pietro Lura,&nbsp;Ueli Angst","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02765-z","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02765-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The durability of MgO/hydromagnesite mortars was studied with respect to their corrosion performance and resistance to chloride attack and moisture. Rapid chloride ingress measurements showed chloride migration coefficients of <span>({D}_{text{Cl}}={1times 10}^{-13})</span> to <span>({1times 10}^{-12})</span> <span>({text{m}}^{2}/{text{s}})</span>. MgO/hydromagnesite pastes were cured in alkaline chloride solution to investigate the formation of Mg-chlorides; however, no such phases were observed. The corrosion rate of carbon steel embedded in MgO/HY mortars, as determined by linear polarization resistance measurements, was in the range <span>({i}_{text{corr}}=1times {10}^{-9})</span> <span>(text{A/}{text{cm}}^{2})</span> in dry and <span>(1times {10}^{-7})</span> <span>(text{A/}{text{cm}}^{2})</span> in wet conditions, irrespective of the mortar composition or curing condition. These findings corroborate the hypothesis that, in the absence of chlorides, the moisture condition is the primary predictor of corrosion rate of carbon steel in the MgO/hydromagnesite binder. These accelerated, short-term experiments suggest that the binder may be suited to protect embedded carbon steel from corrosion under specific exposure conditions of practical relevance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02765-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of the fibre distribution in SFRC: a comparison between CT-scanning techniques and the inductive method","authors":"Guillem Rojas,&nbsp;Álvaro Mena-Alonso,&nbsp;Álvaro Muñoz,&nbsp;Terje Kanstad,&nbsp;Miguel A. Vicente","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02784-w","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02784-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a reliable and comprehensive procedure for the assessment of steel fibre distribution in fibre reinforced concrete. Two techniques have been used: computed tomography (CT) scanning and inductive testing. Both techniques have been applied to study the distribution of steel fibres in specimens extracted from structural elements, carrying out a comparative analysis of the results. Firstly, the data from the CT-scanning and the inductive method have been processed to obtain the density of steel fibres and their orientation in all the specimens, before comparing the results. Then, a complementary study was carried out to validate the inductive method, using hand-made cylinders with a previously known fibre dosage and orientation. Finally, the dual energy CT technique was applied and some conclusions about its potential were discussed. Both methods exhibited comparable accuracy and precision in measuring fibre density and orientation. Considering that CT-scanning is the reference technique, this mutual agreement reinforces the reliability of the inductive method. Additionally, the authors employed the dual energy CT aiming to explore the potential of this novel technique within the domain of fibre reinforced concrete research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02784-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of base bitumen properties on the performance of bitumen blends containing higher dosages of bio-ethanol industry-based lignin","authors":"Thavamani Andiyappan,&nbsp;Naveen Dadige,&nbsp;Kranthi Kumar Kuna","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02794-8","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02794-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study is to assess the influence of different base bitumen types on the properties of lignin–bitumen blends containing high dosages of bio-ethanol industry-based lignin. It also evaluates the feasibility of formulating blends with up to 30% lignin. Partial replacement of base bitumens (VG40, VG30, and VG20) with 20% and 30% lignin by weight was carried out. The chemical characteristics of the resulting blends were analyzed using CHNS analyser (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection (TLC-FID). In addition, the blends were evaluated for stripping resistance, rheological behavior, aging index, rutting resistance, and fatigue performance. The relationship between the chemical composition and rheological properties of the base bitumen and the corresponding lignin–bitumen blends was also examined. The results indicate that blending bio-ethanol industry-based lignin with different base bitumens up to 30% is primarily a physical process. However, the chemical composition of the base bitumen significantly affects the elemental composition and colloidal structure of the blends. Physical properties such as softening point and viscosity<i>, |G*|/</i>sinδ, rutting resistance (<i>J</i>_<i>nr</i>), and moisture damage resistance are not significantly influenced by the base bitumen type. In contrast, separation, aging index, percent recovery, and fatigue life strongly depend on the base bitumen's colloidal structure and lignin dosage. While bitumen blends with higher dosages of lignin (up to 30%) are feasible using softer-grade bitumens, a slight compromise in fatigue performance may be expected due to microstructural discontinuities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of moisture content on the piezoresistive effect of CFRCM bundles during pull-out tests and the modification of its piezoresistive model","authors":"Shiji Sun,&nbsp;Dawei Zhang,&nbsp;Xuhua Lin,&nbsp;Kezhen Zhang,&nbsp;ZhiYu Xie,&nbsp;Yifei Gong","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02777-9","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02777-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (CFRCM) can serve dual functions of structural strengthening and sensing owing to the excellent electrical conductivity of carbon fibers. The moisture content of CFRCM significantly influences the electrical conductivity of carbon fibers. To investigate the effects of moisture content on the mechanical properties and piezoresistive effect of CFRCM bundles, pull-out tests were conducted on CFRCM bundles with moisture content ranging from 0 to 10%. The test results indicate that moisture content has no effect on the peak load of the specimens; however, the peak displacement corresponding to the peak load increases with higher moisture content. In the elastic loading stage, the resistance of most specimens increases with strain, accompanied by fluctuations in the measured resistance. When the moisture content is 8%, the resistance fluctuations are most pronounced. The effect of moisture content on the resistance of the carbon fiber bundle is negligible. Instead, moisture content primarily affects the initial resistance and displacement of the CFRCM bundles. Based on these findings, the piezoresistive model was modified. The corrected model accounts for an increased number of fibers in the carbon fiber bundle sleeve layer, enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the CFRCM bundle and improving the accuracy of the results. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the intelligent health monitoring of concrete structures under varying moisture conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic analysis of 3D concrete printing process with curvature and inclination by explainable data-driven modelling","authors":"Baixi Chen,&nbsp;Lei Yang,&nbsp;Sheng Jiang","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02785-9","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02785-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing adoption of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) in construction highlights the importance of understanding the stochastic behavior of the printing process to ensure quality control. This study proposes an explainable data-driven stochastic analysis framework, incorporating SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP), to evaluate and explain the impact of material uncertainty on the printing process for walls with curvature and inclination. Among seven machine learning algorithms examined, the Sparse Gaussian Process Regression model demonstrated superior predictive performance and was selected for data-driven modeling. SHAP-based analysis identified the degree of inclination and initial cohesion as the most critical factors influencing the printing process, surpassing other material, geometric, and printing features in importance. Stochastic analysis revealed that increasing the degree of inclination reduces both the buildability of the 3DCP process and associated uncertainty, while geometric curvature enhances buildability but increases its variation. Printing configurations, such as print speed and layer height, had negligible effects on buildability and uncertainty within small-scale geometries. Regardless of printing geometry and configurations, initial cohesion was identified as the most influential contributor to process uncertainty, making it a key focus for optimization to reduce variability and enhance reliability in 3DCP processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the reproducibility and consistency of different sample preparation techniques used for ATR-FTIR spectroscopy from the RILEM 295-FBB TG1 round robin test","authors":"Johannes Mirwald,&nbsp;Sadaf Khalighi,&nbsp;Aikaterini Varveri,&nbsp;Bernhard Hofko,&nbsp;Dheeraj Adwani,&nbsp;Augusto Cannone-Falchetto,&nbsp;Michael Elwardany,&nbsp;Rita Kleiziené,&nbsp;Katarzyna Konieczna,&nbsp;Maciej Maliszewski,&nbsp;Virginie Mouillet,&nbsp;Sayeda Nahar,&nbsp;Nathalie Piérard,&nbsp;Georgios Pipintakos,&nbsp;Laurent Porot,&nbsp;Kristina Primerano,&nbsp;Aditi Sharma,&nbsp;Pejoohan Tavassoti,&nbsp;Sandra Weigel,&nbsp;Jens Wetekam,&nbsp;Jiqing Zhu","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02755-1","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02755-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy has become a popular spectroscopic technique in bituminous binder analysis. However, comparable results are not obtainable yet due to differences in devices, measurement routines, sample preparation procedures, and spectral evaluation. Thus, the Task Group 1 of the RILEM TC 295-FBB: “Fingerprinting bituminous binders using physicochemical analysis” focuses on bringing this method towards pre-standardization. This study evaluates the reproducibility and consistency from round robin test, where 21 participating laboratories performed six different preparation techniques on three different binders in an unaged, short-term, and long-term aged state. A total of 6461 spectra were recorded and evaluated for their mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV) in the spectral region between 1800 and 600 cm⁻¹. The results show that the solid sample preparation methods provide excellent reproducibility, with a coefficient of variation below 2%. Only the solvent method showed a higher coefficient of variation at 7.18%. Outliers with a high CV were detected and categorized into two groups: one where only one of the four samples differed and the other where all 16 spectra showed slight scattering in the overall absorption. The consistency of the method is significantly influenced by the accuracy of sample preparation, which is crucial for minimizing differences in slope, baseline, and noise in the spectra. These findings show the excellent reproducibility of these sample preparation methods and will be further examined to establish universal indices for evaluating effects such as ageing, bringing the method closer towards standardization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02755-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing structural integrity of fly ash-based geopolymers with different modifiers under microbial-induced corrosion in real-world environments","authors":"Robert Shilton,&nbsp;Cole Mauws,&nbsp;Hafiz Asad Ali,&nbsp;Chi Sun Poon,&nbsp;Nemkumar Banthia","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02747-1","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02747-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the use of geopolymers as repair materials resistant to microbial-induced corrosion (MIC) in real-world wastewater infrastructure conditions, addressing the gap in field data despite an abundance of laboratory tests completed. The research explores how various additives, including ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), xanthan gum (XG), PVA fibres, and heavy metals, influence the durability of geopolymers. Carbonation was observed within 6–12 months of exposure, which facilitated microbial colonization and initiated MIC. This process led to significant mechanical degradation in certain mixtures after 26 months of exposure. Mixtures with higher GGBS content showed delayed onset of corrosion due to finer pore structures, but once MIC began, deterioration accelerated, likely due to the increased calcium availability in reaction gels, which dissolved rapidly under acid attack. Heavy metals such as zinc oxide (ZnO) were more prone to carbonation without notably improving MIC resistance, whereas copper proved more effective in inhibiting MIC. Mixtures containing fibers or XG performed poorly, likely due to higher porosity, which facilitated mass transfer through the matrix and accelerated degradation. The chemical and mechanical properties of the geopolymer mixtures, evaluated after 24 months of exposure through residual strength testing, XRD analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy, indicated that replacing 10% of fly ash with GGBS yielded the most effective MIC-resistant formulation. This study provides important insights into the application of geopolymers for repair in environments with high levels of hydrogen sulfide gas exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of moisture diffusion in hydraulic asphalt under coupled hydrothermal conditions","authors":"Chuanqi Yan,&nbsp;Kun Long,&nbsp;Jiakang Zhang,&nbsp;Chi Qu,&nbsp;Changfa Ai,&nbsp;Shengxiong Zhou","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02778-8","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02778-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To analyze the moisture penetration behavior in asphalt and investigate the variation trend of moisture infiltration under the coupled effects of different temperatures and exposure durations, this study employed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to examine moisture penetration in base asphalt and SBS-modified asphalt, two typical types of asphalt, under a hygrothermal environment and its impact on material properties. The results indicate that with increasing immersion time, the capacitance of asphalt continuously rises, while electrochemical impedance significantly decreases. This effect is particularly pronounced at high temperatures, where the reduction in impedance radius and the decline in low-frequency slope suggest an accelerated moisture diffusion rate. Additionally, SBS-modified asphalt initially exhibits higher impedance values and a slower capacitance growth rate. However, the degradation of the SBS network structure at elevated temperatures leads to a deterioration in its moisture resistance, making its long-term water permeability worse than that of base asphalt. In the FTIR analysis, the hydroxyl characteristic peak intensifies significantly with moisture infiltration, exhibiting an initial slow increase followed by a rapid rise. This suggests that the strong interaction between moisture and polar groups in asphalt accelerates microstructural changes. This study demonstrates that EIS effectively reveals the moisture diffusion kinetics and its influence on electrochemical properties, while FTIR provides direct insights into the interaction mechanism between moisture and asphalt molecules. The combined use of these two methods facilitates a precise assessment of moisture penetration behavior in asphalt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between the paste properties and fine sand content in flowable concrete mixtures","authors":"Mohammad Jobaer Uddin,&nbsp;Marllon Daniel Cook,&nbsp;M. Tyler Ley,&nbsp;Riyadh Altuki","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02779-7","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02779-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paste properties and aggregate proportioning strongly influence the workability, strength, cost, and sustainability of concrete. However, current design methods provide limited guidance on linking paste requirements with aggregate gradation to achieve the required workability. This study addresses that gap by identifying a parabolic relationship between workability and fine sand content (0.6-–0.075 mm), evaluated using slump, viscosity, yield stress, and finishability. The influence of paste volume, water-to-cementitious material ratio (w/cm), and water reducer dosage on the optimal fine sand content is also examined. The results focus on concrete with slump values between 75 and 200 mm. Practical guidance is offered to adjust these parameters for improved workability with minimal paste. The findings suggest a new approach to mixture proportioning that reduces paste demand while enhancing durability, lowering cost, and improving sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}