Materials and Structures最新文献

{"title":"A coupled transport-chemo-mechanical model quantifying the effect of spatiotemporal porosity evolution for concrete sulfate attack under temperature and dry–wet cycles","authors":"Desheng Yin,&nbsp;Fuwen Luo,&nbsp;Shuhua Zhang,&nbsp;Bofu Chen,&nbsp;Xiaochun Lu,&nbsp;Jiawen Wu,&nbsp;Heng Zhang","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03278-z","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03278-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sulfate attack poses a severe threat to the durability of concrete, especially under coupled variable temperature and dry–wet cycles (DW). However, existing models generally simplify the evolution of pore structures and insufficiently consider the coupled effects of temperature and DW on sulfate transport, chemical reactions, and damage development. This paper presents a multi-physics model for ion transport-reaction-damage that incorporates the effects of temperature, DW, and micro-cracking on ions transfer, and the model’s reliability has been validated by published experimental evidence. The evolution of solid–liquid phases concentrations, and porosity is simulated via model to quantify the deterioration process. Results indicate that coupled effects expedite sulfate diffusion and chemical reactions, leading to more significant changes in solid-phase and microcrack development. Specifically, the coupled effects significantly increase the sulfate corrosion depth in concrete, reaching 2 times and 1.38 times that observed under full immersion (FI) and DW conditions, respectively. Moreover, corrosion depth exceeds damage depth via the pore-filling effect of reaction products. And the increase of initial <span>({w mathord{left/ {vphantom {w c}} right. kern-0pt} c})</span> ratios lead to a pronounced non-linear acceleration in both corrosion depth and microcracking volume. The evolution of porosity is revealed to be governed by a spatiotemporal competing mechanism between chemical consumption and physical filling-cracking processes, resulting in a transition from pore-filling dominance to damage-controlled deterioration. This model offers a practical numerical tool for predicting infrastructure service life in aggressive environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of resting time on aluminum sulfate accelerated cementitious systems","authors":"Haochuan Wang,&nbsp;Isabella Klimczyk,&nbsp;Florian Mittermayr,&nbsp;Isabel Galan","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03277-0","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03277-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The resting time of shotcrete, which is the time interval from the completion of the base cement mixture to the beginning of accelerator addition, varies across different application scenarios and experimental studies. However, the understanding of its influence on hydration and performance evolution remains limited. This study systematically investigated the effect of different resting times, ranging from 0 to 120 min, on ordinary Portland and low-C₃A cementitious systems with aluminum sulfate accelerator. Mortar compressive strength at 6, 8, 24 h, and 28 d was evaluated, and the underlying mechanisms were analyzed through hydration heat evolution, phase composition, in-situ pH, pore-solution ion concentration, and pore structure. Short resting times of 0–10 min limited the availability of calcium and hydroxide ions before accelerator addition, thereby hindering rapid ettringite formation and subsequent hydration. In contrast, excessively long resting time reduced mixing uniformity and weakened subsequent hydration, resulting in lower strength. This adverse effect could be partially mitigated by extending the mixing time after accelerator addition. Furthermore, the optimal resting time was also found to depend strongly on cement type. For OPC, a practically feasible resting-time window of 30–60 min was identified. In contrast, longer resting times also appear to be feasible for low-C₃A cement. For both cement systems, optimal resting time significantly enhanced hydration and strength development at all ages. Therefore, it is recommended that the accelerator be introduced at a suitable time, normally after the initial dissolution stage and before the onset of initial setting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bond behavior of co-corrosion of deformed bar and stirrups in concrete under monotonic and cyclic loading","authors":"Yi-Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Shan-Suo Zheng,&nbsp;Li-Guo Dong,&nbsp;Heng-Yao Zhang","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03253-8","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03253-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Combined corrosion of longitudinal bars and stirrups significantly degrades the bond behavior and structural response of reinforced concrete members. This study conducted monotonic and cyclic pull-out tests on fifty corroded reinforced concrete specimens with varying confinement levels. The results indicated that co-corrosion not only increased the length of cracks in the concrete cover and the number of wedge-shaped regions but also reduced bond indicators. Specimens with an average corrosion-induced crack width exceeding 0.7 mm exhibited a relative bond strength of less than 0.5. Furthermore, a significant degradation in ultimate bond strength was observed when the corrosion levels of the deformed bars and stirrups exceeded 1.13% and 2.89%, respectively. Under cyclic loading, bond degradation was primarily characterized by lower softening and residual branches than monotonic loading. Increasing the cover thickness and stirrup density positively affected the corrosion level, failure mode, and bond behavior. Finally, based on the thick-walled cylinder model and experimental results, an ultimate bond strength analysis model and monotonic and cyclic bond stress-slip models were developed. The proposed models effectively reproduced the bond evolution characteristics under monotonic and cyclic loading.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortars and plasters at Herod's Caesarea Maritima: integration of imported and local construction technologies","authors":"Meidad Shor,&nbsp;Orit Peleg-Barkat,&nbsp;Uzi ‘Ad,&nbsp;Peter Gendelman,&nbsp;Laura Calzolari,&nbsp;Yotam Asscher","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03228-9","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03228-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Building materials from different architectural elements at Herodian Caesarea Maritima (22–4 <span>BCE</span>) provide evidence for a variety of compositions tailored to specific construction functions, demonstrating the extent of Roman technological influence on Herod's architectural program. Samples representing four functional categories (bedding mortar, pointing mortar, plaster, and mortar rubble core) were collected from walls, foundations and roofing systems in the Augusteum vaults, Promontory Palace, southern fortification, and the Herodian phase of the theatre. These samples were characterized petrographically, mineralogically and chemically, revealing three distinct binders: lime-based mixtures, lime–gypsum composites, and pure gypsum. Binders mixed with volcanic ashes were associated with <i>opus caementicium,</i> while additives such as organic ash were associated with Phoenician-Punic technology. Lime–gypsum binders, as well as organic ash additives, were found in bedding mortars, plaster and pointing mortar applications. Volcanic ash was found in mortared rubble cores. All materials show grading systematically calibrated to functional requirements, from fine pointing mortars (≤ 3 mm) to coarse structural materials (≤ 15 mm). These results show that builders in Herod’s construction at Caesarea employed flexible, non-standardized construction strategies to architectural elements, adapting local and imported building techniques to produce structural functions. This positions Caesarea Maritima as a laboratory for technological experimentation that fundamentally transformed regional construction practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03228-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic modulus of recycled aggregate concrete: a multiscale-multiphase modeling approach","authors":"Osamah H. A. Dehwah,&nbsp;Stephanie S. Watson","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03261-8","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03261-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Concrete is a multiscale, multiphase composite material whose elastic properties are challenging to predict, particularly when recycled aggregates are used. The inclusion of recycled aggregates introduces greater heterogeneity due to residual mortar, microcracks, and variable material properties, all of which complicate modeling efforts. Growing demand for concrete, scarcity of natural aggregates, and the environmental impacts of cement production have increased interest in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) from construction waste as a sustainable alternative. However, RAC often exhibits reduced mechanical performance due to residual mortar, pre-existing microcracks, and variability in particle properties. While numerous experimental and numerical studies have explored the elastic modulus of RAC, existing theoretical models remain limited. Most simplify concrete as a two-phase system of mortar and aggregate, overlooking the influence of cement paste and hydration products. Poisson’s ratio is commonly neglected, despite natural and recycled aggregates generally exhibiting different values. This study presents a multiphase and multiscale computational framework for predicting the elastic modulus of RAC. The model integrates nanoscale, microscale, and mesoscale interactions using the Mori–Tanaka and Generalized Self-Consistent schemes, incorporating cement paste and clinker hydration products and investigating the influence of differences in Poisson’s ratio between natural and recycled aggregates on the predicted elastic modulus. The framework was validated in two stages and demonstrated good agreement with experimental results, with errors below 10%. A parametric study was performed, showing that the macroscale elastic response is governed primarily by the aggregate volume fraction and elastic stiffness, while the influence of Poisson’ratio is comparatively small.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03261-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of shear strengthening techniques for pre-damaged reinforced concrete beams","authors":"Yue Yu,&nbsp;Haoxuan Wu,&nbsp;Shunchao Chen,&nbsp;Qiang Chen,&nbsp;Wenyuan Liao,&nbsp;Dewen Liu,&nbsp;Liangpeng Nie","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03273-4","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03273-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reinforced concrete (RC) structures may deteriorate during long-term service, resulting in a gradual decline in their functional performance. Strengthening is therefore an important means of extending structural service life. This study comparatively investigated the shear performance of pre-damaged RC beams strengthened using three methods: section enlargement with a reinforced-concrete jacket, U-shaped externally bonded steel plates, and U-shaped externally bonded carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. One unstrengthened reference group and three strengthened groups were tested. Stirrup strain, midspan deflection, crack development, and strain in the strengthening materials were measured during the initial loading and subsequent static reloading stages. The observed failure processes and test data were then used to analyse the three methods and develop corresponding design-oriented calculation formulae. All three methods increased the shear capacity and restrained the development of inclined cracks. Appropriate anchorage detailing of the strengthening materials is important for preventing premature failure. Section enlargement produced the greatest increase in capacity but involved a more complex construction process, whereas the externally bonded steel plates and CFRP sheets were easier to install and became effective rapidly. The proposed design-oriented formulae provide guidance for engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of different master curve development methodologies and functional forms to derive the continuous spectrum of asphalt binders","authors":"Balan Lathika Anjali,&nbsp;Aravind Krishna Swamy","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03263-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03263-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relaxation and retardation spectra are two functions that can describe the viscoelastic behaviour of the asphalt binder. Both spectra are generally derived from the master curve. However, the influence of master curve development methodology on the derived continuous spectra still remains unexplored. Accurate measurement of continuous relaxation and retardation spectra is crucial for constitutive modeling of asphalt binder, as these spectra affect the prediction of stress relaxation, creep response, and other linear viscoelastic properties used in pavement performance analysis. Since these spectra are commonly derived from master curves rather than measured directly, the adopted master curve development methodology can significantly influence the resulting spectra. The present study evaluates the effect of master curve development methodologies on derived continuous relaxation and retardation spectra. Frequency sweep test results obtained from two unmodified and two modified asphalt binders were used to construct master curves using two sigmoidal functions (symmetric and asymmetric) coupled with the four different temperature shift factor approaches (Free Shifting, William-Landel-Ferry equation, Arrhenius equation, and Kaelble equation). Based on the master curve model parameters, the continuous relaxation and retardation spectra were determined. The effects of the sigmoidal function and temperature shift factor approach on derived continuous spectra were evaluated using the goodness of fit statistics. The continuous spectra obtained using a particular sigmoid function combined with different temperature shift factor approaches resulted in different spectra. The goodness of fit statistics indicated that the asymmetric sigmoidal function outperformed the symmetric sigmoidal function. In addition, the asymmetric sigmoidal function and the free-shifting approach allowed the accurate construction of derived continuous spectra. Various functional forms (Generalized Exponential function, Fraser Suzuki function and Asymmetric Double Sigmoidal function) were evaluated to describe the continuous spectra. The Asymmetric Double Sigmoidal function fitted well with the continuous spectra irrespective of the development methodology adopted. Based on the asphalt binders investigated in this study, free shifting approach can be recommended for deriving the spectra and Asymmetric Double Sigmoidal function can be recommended for describing the spectra.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous high-rate shearing as a tool to control the structural build-up of cementitious pastes","authors":"Husam H. Elgaali,&nbsp;Rui Bai,&nbsp;Mirian Velay-Lizancos","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03266-3","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03266-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Controlling the structural build-up in fresh cementitious composites is crucial for 3D printing. This study revealed that continuous shearing can be an effective tool for controlling the structural build-up in fresh cementitious pastes. The tool's sensitivity to the water‑to‑binder ratio and Class C fly ash (FAC) was also examined. Using a rheometer, the structural build-up evolution was obtained by measuring the static yield stress (τ_sy) at 10-min intervals until the paste reached a rigid τ_sy threshold. Two binder systems were tested at w/b of 0.40 and 0.48: (i) 100% Limestone Portland Cement (PLC) as the binder, and (ii) a blended system with PLC (80%) + FAC (20%). Each mixture was assessed under static (no external agitation) and dynamic (continuous shearing at rest) conditions. Results indicate that, regardless of the mixture, it is possible to significantly alter the structural build-up and the physical setting time based on the rheological behavior. For both binder systems, increasing the w/b ratio made the paste more responsive to dynamic conditions, resulting in further delayed structural build-up. Additionally, the use of fly ash enhances the ability to control structural build-up and setting time through continuous shearing. Therefore, increasing the water-to-binder ratio and incorporating fly ash extends the options for manipulating the structural build-up and setting time via external shearing. These findings emphasize the potential of pre-placement external continuous shearing as an active tool to regulate structural build-up in real time, especially for 3D printing, as it alters rheological behavior without altering the mix design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-03266-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step in-situ synthesized polyurethane modified asphalt: Polyol parameters and cost and carbon emission analysis","authors":"Hongjie Hao,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wen,&nbsp;Peiliang Cong,&nbsp;Dong Lu","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03262-7","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03262-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the complex processing and poor storage stability of raw materials in the prepolymer method for synthesising polyurethane modified asphalt (<i>PUMA</i>), this study employed a one-step in-situ synthesis method. The effects of polyol parameters on the microstructure, performance and aging resistance of <i>PUMA</i> were analyzed, and the production cost and cradle-to-gate carbon footprint of the one-step method were evaluated. Results showed that increasing polypropylene glycol (<i>PPG</i>) molecular weight induced polymer agglomeration and phase separation, impairing storage stability, whereas polycaprolactone diol (<i>PCL</i>) inhibited phase separation and enhanced storage stability. <i>PPG</i> favoured urea bond formation, while <i>PCL</i> favoured urethane bond formation, which partly accounted for the superior rutting resistance of <i>PPG</i>-based <i>PUMA</i> relative to its <i>PCL</i>-based counterpart. Sulfoxide index (<i>SI</i>) index analysis revealed that the aging resistance of <i>PCL</i>-based <i>PUMA</i> was 33.3% higher than that of <i>PPG</i>-based <i>PUMA</i>. Furthermore, the reaction of <i>PPG</i> with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate produced long-chain polyurethane with a more complete network, resulting in 25.0% higher elastic recovery and 18.9% higher fatigue resistance compared with <i>PCL</i>-based <i>PUM</i>A. Relative to the prepolymer method, the one-step method reduced incremental cost per unit product by 86.2% and achieved 5.0% reduction in carbon emissions at the laboratory batch scale. Following industrial scale-up, total cost per unit product was still reduced by 5.2%, accompanied by a 4.2% decrease in carbon emissions. In summary, the one-step in-situ method demonstrated advantages in cost and carbon reduction. <i>PPG</i>-based <i>PUMA</i> is well-suited for pavements subjected to heavy loads and fatigue-sensitive conditions, whereas the <i>PCL</i>-based system is more appropriate for aging-resistant pavement applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactivity in multi-SCM blends: quantitative assessment of interaction effects","authors":"Hasmik Bou Farhat,&nbsp;Guillaume Lepêcheur,&nbsp;Özlem Cizer,&nbsp;Ruben Snellings","doi":"10.1617/s11527-026-03250-x","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-026-03250-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multi-blending of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) can offer enhanced performance compared to single SCM systems, but this requires a clear understanding of SCM-SCM interactions. This study investigates the kinetic interactions between various SCMs in blended lime-based systems. Binary blends of metakaolin (M) with ground granulated blast furnace slag (S) (M-S) and natural pozzolans, i.e., trass (P) (M-P) and clinoptilolite zeolite (Z) (M-Z), were evaluated. To induce competitive interactions, formulations at three calcium hydroxide (CH) to SCM mass ratios: 3:1, 1:1, and 1:2 were studied. This work introduces a new approach combining isothermal calorimetry and selective dissolution to determine the degree of reaction (DoR) of each SCM within the blend. Complementary analyses included CH consumption, hydrates identification and quantification via XRD-Rietveld refinement and compressive strength testing. Results show that CH availability is the primary driver of SCM reactivity and competition in binary blends. At low CH:SCM ratios, highly reactive SCMs capture CH preferentially, surpassing their reactivity in single systems and partially suppressing the less reactive SCM counterpart. This behavior is formalized through the introduction of a “reactive filler effect”. A competition model proportional to the reactivity difference between the SCMs was proposed to estimate competition behavior, offering quantitative insight into blend behavior across CH:SCM ratios and SCM blends. Overall, this work advances the understanding of the fundamental SCM-SCM interactions in multi-component systems and provides a novel quantitative framework to assess how SCM interactions shape reaction kinetics in binary blended systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}