Materials and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Salt-scaling resistance of biomimetic PEG-PVA-modified concrete","authors":"Mohammad Matar,&nbsp;Anastasia N. Aday,&nbsp;Caitlin J. Adams,&nbsp;Prannoy Suraneni,&nbsp;Wil V. Srubar III","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02623-y","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02623-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Concrete exposed to deicing salts during freezing and thawing cycles is prone to salt-scaling damage. The superficial damage of salt scaling can lead to further deterioration through increased ingress of water and harmful ions (e.g.., chloride), thereby decreasing the long-term durability of concrete. Commonly, air-entraining admixtures (AEAs) are prescribed to prevent salt scaling. While previous research has substantiated that biomimetic antifreeze polymers can provide internal freeze–thaw protection to concrete exposed to cyclic freezing and thawing through the prevention of ice nucleation and growth (in lieu of AEAs), no studies yet report on the salt-scaling resistance of concrete modified with biomimetic antifreeze polymers, such as poly(ethylene)-graft-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PEG-PVA). Here, the effect of water- and polymer-to-cement ratio on the salt scaling resistance of PEG-PVA-modified concrete was investigated and compared to plain and AEA-modified concrete. At a water-to-cement ratio (<i>w/c</i>) of 0.45 (i.e., below the onset of more severe salt scaling damage at <i>w/c</i> = 0.5) the addition of PEG-PVA (0.066% by weight of cement) to concrete improved air-void parameters (i.e., specific surface area and spacing factor) while reducing water absorption over 14 days to significantly below that of traditional AEA-modified concrete. Furthermore, in 0.55 <i>w/c</i> concretes, the addition of PEG-PVA (0.066% and 0.10% by weight of cement) reduced salt-scaling to a degree comparable to that of 0.45 <i>w/c</i> concrete.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02623-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic evaluation of NO2 sequestered recycled concrete aggregates as anodic corrosion inhibitors in chloride-exposed OPC concrete: insights from kinetics and performance assessment","authors":"Shubham Mishra,&nbsp;Erandi Ariyachandra,&nbsp;Sulapha Peethamparan,&nbsp;Alexander Orlov","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02625-w","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02625-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates a novel corrosion inhibitor derived from NO₂ sequestered recycled concrete aggregates (NRCAs) integrated as fine aggregates in new OPC concrete exposed to chlorides. It investigates the corrosion resistance of concrete with various NRCAs and the kinetics of passive film formation on rebar to elucidate the corrosion inhibition mechanism. The performance of NRCAs is compared to a commercially available calcium nitrite-based inhibitor (CI). Results show NRCAs act as effective anodic corrosion inhibitors, with 1 and 2-year-old NRCAs demonstrating similar long-term performance to CI. Additionally, NRCAs facilitate rapid formation of thin passive films on rebar, akin to CI. The efficacy of NRCAs is influenced by the properties of the parent concrete. These findings underscore the potential of NRCAs as sustainable alternatives in concrete construction, offering both environmental benefits and comparable performance to conventional inhibitors. Future research will focus on optimizing NRCA properties to enhance their inhibitory effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving lower temperature modification and its mechanism of SBS modified asphalt based on pre-swelling/extraction process and compositing with C9 petroleum resin","authors":"Wei Chen,&nbsp;Shifa Fan,&nbsp;Xingyang He,&nbsp;Ying Su,&nbsp;Zihao Jin,&nbsp;Qiao Liu,&nbsp;Sang-Keun Oh,&nbsp;Han Zhou,&nbsp;Dakun Tang,&nbsp;Bo Dong","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02630-z","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02630-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Achieving lower temperature modification of SBS modified asphalt is of vital significance in energy conservation and carbon emission reduction. The compatibility between styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and base asphalt is a crucial factor for the excellent performance of SBS modified asphalt (SBSMA), however the compatibility improvement under lower temperature faces challenges and its modification mechanism has little scientific backing. In this study, SBS was firstly pretreated with naphthenic oil as swelling agent and petroleum ether as extractant to prepare pre-swelling SBS (npSBS), and the effects of SBS pre-swelling/extraction process combined with C9 petroleum resin on the conventional properties, compatibility, rheological and thermodynamic properties of SBSMA prepared at a lower shear temperature (150 °C) were studied by physical properties, storage stability, DSR, MSCR and DSC characterization. The results demonstrated that SBS pre-swelling/extraction treatment improved the low temperature performance as well as compatibility of SBSMA while reduced its high temperature performance. However, C9 petroleum resin could effectively compensate for the loss of high temperature and rutting resistance performance, and the pre-swelling/extraction process combined with C9 resin has synergistic effect in improving the compatibility of SBS in modified asphalt under lower modification temperature, which can effectively reduce the modification temperature of SBSMA by 30 °C. This work provides a feasible strategy for environmentally benign and low-carbon modification of SBSMA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonation of alkali-activated materials: changes in mineralogical composition and pH, and qualitative estimation of corrosion risk","authors":"Laura Diaz Caselles,&nbsp;Bastien Balsamo,&nbsp;Vincent Trincal,&nbsp;Virginie Benavent,&nbsp;Matthieu Bertin,&nbsp;Hugo Lahalle,&nbsp;Gabriel Samson,&nbsp;Martin Cyr","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02640-x","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02640-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of natural and accelerated (1% CO₂) carbonation on three different alkali-activated materials (AAMs), including a metakaolin geopolymer (GMK), a sodium silicate ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and a sodium carbonate GGBS, and compare their performances with those of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Mortar and paste samples were prepared and evaluated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) before and after exposure to carbonation. The depth of carbonation was determined by using four pH-indicators, and the impact of carbonation on steel corrosion was assessed by examining steel flakes embedded in the pastes. The results showed that the carbonation kinetics of AAMs was higher than that of OPC under both carbonation conditions. Furthermore, mineralogical analyses indicated that carbonation mechanisms of AAMs were different from those of OPC, particularly for GMK. Interestingly, no steel corrosion was observed in carbonated GMK-based pastes due to the high pH of the carbonated zones. Overall, this study highlights the potential of AAMs as alternatives to OPC in the construction industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on preparation and properties of sepiolite/SBR composite modified emulsified asphalt","authors":"Gang Huang,&nbsp;Yaru Lv,&nbsp;Tianhao Qi,&nbsp;Junbo Zhou,&nbsp;Chao Zhou,&nbsp;Xia Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Tian,&nbsp;Tingting Kang,&nbsp;Tingjun Du","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02628-7","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02628-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sepiolite is a magnesium-rich silicate clay mineral characterized by a large specific surface area and numerous nanoscale channels, which make it a promising candidate for high-tech applications such as nanofiber reinforcement and catalysis. However, its utilization in road materials remains limited. This study investigated the application of natural sepiolite purified through acid treatment to enhance the performance of emulsified asphalt. Microscopic analyses, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and laser particle sizing, confirmed that the acid treatment increased the specific surface area of the sepiolite fibers and refined their structure. Sepiolite fibers and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were employed as modifiers to prepare a sepiolite/SBR composite-modified emulsified asphalt, optimized using a unified design approach. Performance tests demonstrated that the composite improved both high- and low-temperature performance, as well as the storage stability of conventional emulsified asphalt, resulting in a 30.7% increase in softening point, a 109% increase in energy of rupture, and a 62.9% decrease in 5-day storage stability. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the compatibility between sepiolite and asphalt improved with the addition of SBR. Dynamic shear rheology confirmed the enhancement of high-temperature stability and resistance to deformation. The research findings provide a valuable reference for the application of sepiolite in road materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cladding thickness influence on flexural strength under concentrated load of limestones","authors":"João Senra,&nbsp;Amélia Dionísio,&nbsp;Gustavo Paneiro","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02635-8","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02635-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The modern trend towards thinner and lighter cladding panels has begun to challenge the validity of current test standards. The evaluation of mechanical resistance of natural stone panels, particularly through the determination of flexural strength (FS) via EN 12372 standard, is becoming inconsistent with modern application methods. This is due to the standard requirement for a minimum sample thickness of 25 mm, which is often thicker than the actual cladding panels, leading to producers being unable to comply with the existing standard. Additionally, the heterogeneous disposition and complex structure of natural stone make FS's relationship with sample size reduction non-compliant with known size effect statistical laws. In this study, a large sample pool from six Portuguese limestones was tested to analyze the behavior of bending resistance, with sample thicknesses both above, and below the existing standard. Other physical and mechanical properties, together with petrographic compositions, were also evaluated, as previous works on the subject have demonstrated the need to comprehend their impact on the relationship between size effect and FS. Results show a tenuous inverse correlation between FS and sample thickness, with higher bending resistance in smaller samples, highlighting how measurements taken from thinner samples could result in an overestimation of FS, and the importance of physical and mechanical properties on the analysis of size effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02635-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of water to binder ratio on carbonation behavior of a novel carbonatable belite-ternesite binder","authors":"Xiaoli Wang,&nbsp;Ming-Zhi Guo,&nbsp;Tung-Chai Ling","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02626-9","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02626-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of carbon capture, utilization and storage allows non-hydraulic low-lime calcium silicates capable of CO₂ activation to serve as a sustainable alternative binder. However, the diffusion and transport mechanism of CO₂ in these carbonation mediums are crucial for carbonation reaction, which heavily relies on the pore structures closely related to the water–binder ratio (w/b). This study focused on the role of w/b ratio (varying from 0.1 to 0.18) on the carbonation behavior of a carbonatable belite (β-C₂S)-ternesite (<span>({text{C}}_{{5}} {text{S}}_{{2}} {overline{text{S}}})</span>) binder prepared with 100% municipal solid waste incineration residues upon carbonation curing conditions of 65% <i>RH</i>, 20% CO₂ concentration, and a temperature of 20 °C. The mechanical properties, microstructure, CO₂ uptake, and phase assemblage of this binder were evaluated. The results showed that the compressive strength and CO₂ uptake were increased with increasing w/b ratios from 0.1 to 0.14, which promoted the consumption of β-C₂S and <span>({text{C}}_{{5}} {text{S}}_{{2}} {overline{text{S}}})</span>, leading to an increased production of calcite. At up to 0.18, however, water overflow occurred, resulting in an approximately 78% decrease in the compressive strength. Also, increasing the w/b ratio changed the volume fraction of various pore size, particularly the predominance of large capillary pores that were beneficial to CO₂ diffusion. BSE images showed that silica gel tended to distribute around the unreacted particles, while CaCO₃ preferred to accumulate in the outside space.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical creep assessment of fine sand concrete","authors":"Mohamed Ladjel,&nbsp;Mohamed Chemrouk,&nbsp;Farid Bouziadi","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02637-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02637-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the present work is to assess the creep of fine sand concrete (FSC) on the bases of sustained bending loads applied on fine sand concrete beams. For comparison purposes, a numerical assessment of creep is also carried out using ANSYS© software. For the experimental creep investigation, four different fine sand concretes were formulated and used to manufacture four reinforced concrete beams respectively, which were then subjected to uniformly distributed bending loads for thirteen months. The experimental analysis focused on the development of creep through the monitoring of long-term deformations and long-term deflections under the sustained bending loads. Factors influencing creep, such as the water/cement ratio, the concrete strength and the fine filler additives, were considered as variables in the testing programme. For the numerical analysis, a non-linear finite element analysis (NLFEA) was carried out to predict the long-term deformations and compare them with the experimental values. The experimental results showed that creep is more pronounced in concrete mixes having higher amount of mixing water, but is reduced in mixes containing plasticizing admixtures such as superplasticizers. The use of fine mineral additives in the form of limestone fillers seemed to result in a denser internal structure of concrete and a reduced pore spaces and hence helped to reduce the creep of concrete. In this sense, an increased strength of concrete also leads to a reduced pore spaces and a denser internal structure of concrete and hence results in a reduced creep. Creep coefficients were worked out for the present fine sand concretes and were found somehow in line with those recommended by some design codes considered in this work. Creep coefficients often lead to realistic long-term deflections of RC members. A comparison between the experimental results and those from the numerical analysis, shows that it is possible to predict fairly accurately the long-term creep deformations using the time-hardening model and the implicit creep method given in the NLFE method of ANSYS© software.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of temperature and strain rate on the damaging mechanism of asphalt concrete under uniaxial compression","authors":"Zheng Si,&nbsp;Yulong Zhang,&nbsp;Lingzhi Huang,&nbsp;Chao Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Du,&nbsp;Jian Song","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02624-x","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02624-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To explore the effects of temperature and strain rate on the damaging mechanism of asphalt concrete under uniaxial compression, experimental and numerical investigations were conducted. Firstly, uniaxial compressive test of asphalt concrete at various temperatures (− 10 °C ~ 20 °C) and strain rates (10^–5/s ~ 10^–2/s) were conducted. Then, based on the viscoelastic-plastic damage constitutive model and discrete element method (DEM), the complete stress–strain curves of asphalt concrete at various temperatures and strain rates were well simulated. Finally, the damaging mechanisms of asphalt concrete under uniaxial compression were analyzed based simulated results. The results indicate that the interface between asphalt mortar and coarse aggregate is prone to damage, and there are more shear cracks compared to tensile cracks. In addition, the fragments number relates to crack evolution rate. Temperature effect on mechanical behaviors is mainly due to the gradual transformation between elasto-plasticity and viscoelasticity of asphalt concrete. The strain rate effect mainly affects crack evolution rate, meanwhile affects temperature effect to some extent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal aging of polyester-based GFRP bars in alkaline environment","authors":"Luis Felipe Oliveira Santos,&nbsp;Nádia Cazarim da Silva Forti,&nbsp;Daniel Carlos Taissum Cardoso,&nbsp;Natália Victoria dos Santos,&nbsp;Lia Lorena Pimentel,&nbsp;Ana Elisabete Paganelli Guimarães de Avila Jacintho","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02629-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02629-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars are typically made of epoxy, polyester, or vinyl ester matrices. Despite their advantages such as good mechanical properties, low weight, electromagnetic transparency, and non-corrosive behavior, the matrix may degrade when exposed to moisture and alkalinity. It is well documented that epoxy and vinyl ester are more chemically resistant than polyester matrices. However, literature research demonstrated that aged polyester GFRP bars can exhibit comparable mechanical performance. Nevertheless, few studies were conducted to investigate the durability of polyester GFRP bars subjected to different conditioning times and temperatures to obtain appropriate acceleration factors. This study examines the hydrothermal effect of an alkaline environment and distilled water on the mechanical performance of polyester glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. The samples were immersed in distilled water at 60 °C and in an alkaline solution at 30 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C for up to 6 months. The study analyzed the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and apparent horizontal shear strength. Additionally, a predictive degradation model based on the Arrhenius Law was developed. The results indicate a high moisture uptake ability. The apparent horizontal shear strength retention was 69% after six months in alkaline solution, whereas the tensile strength retention was as low as 44%. In contrast, immersion in water resulted in a tensile strength retention of 53%. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed the occurrence of fiber-matrix interface debonding, yet no evidence of fiber degradation was observed. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicates the occurrence of matrix hydrolysis. The long-term behavior of the polyester GFRP bars under study was established.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}