Marine Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Pangenome Dynamics and Functional Diversification in the Marine Genus Pseudoalteromonas: Association to Colony Pigmentation","authors":"Jéssica Scherer,&nbsp;Renato Kulakowski Corá,&nbsp;Diego Bonatto,&nbsp;Alexandre José Macedo","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10674-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10674-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> species are ecologically versatile marine bacteria widely recognized for their capacity to synthesize diverse bioactive metabolites and psychrophilic enzymes with biotechnological relevance. Here, we present a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of 53 reference genomes to elucidate the dynamics, functional diversity, and biosynthetic potential of this genus. Reference genomes representing each deposited species were selected in order to avoid bias associated with unequal numbers of genomes per species. Pangenome reconstruction revealed an open structure comprising a small core genome (1,350 gene families) and a large proportion of accessory and strain-specific genes, reflecting extensive genomic plasticity. Functional annotation indicated that accessory regions are enriched for genes involved in secondary metabolism, stress adaptation, and environmental resilience. Notably, biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) mining uncovered a rich repertoire of potentially novel RiPPs and other secondary metabolite clusters, underscoring <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> as a promising source of unexplored bioactive compounds. Statistical analyses revealed that pigmented strains harbor significantly higher numbers of BGCs compared to non-pigmented strains, while only a weak and non-significant correlation was observed between BGC abundance and carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) content. No significant effect of the isolation source was detected on either BGC or CAZyme distributions. Together, these findings provide new insights into the genomic basis of ecological adaptation and metabolic diversification in <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i>, supporting the role of pigmentation as a proxy for enhanced biosynthetic potential, while carbohydrate utilization capabilities evolve more independently and offering a framework for targeted bioprospecting of marine-derived metabolites with industrial and environmental applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Evaluation of Electroporation Conditions for Plasmid in Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Zygotes","authors":"Qian Li,&nbsp;Yongzhen Yu,&nbsp;Qiong Yang,&nbsp;Hong Yu,&nbsp;Qi Li","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10664-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10664-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limpet-Derived Ferritin Promotes Iron Teeth Mineralization Through Binding Fe2+","authors":"Chuang Liu,&nbsp;Shenhao Du,&nbsp;Yuhao Qin,&nbsp;Ming Yan,&nbsp;Rongqing Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10673-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10673-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Limpets, marine mollusks that feed on algae by scraping rocks, have evolved teeth renowned as among the strongest biological materials known. These teeth are iron-based biocomposites, primarily consisting of goethite nanorods embedded within a silica-rich matrix. A central mystery has been how limpets produce goethite—a mineral that typically requires extreme synthetic conditions—under ambient physiological settings. Here, we combined transcriptomics and functional assays to investigate the teeth of the limpet <i>Cellana toreuma</i>. RNA-seq in compartmented regions of teeth found differential gene expression for teeth formation involving intensive chitin metabolism and redox reaction. Through RNA interference, we demonstrated that a specific limpet-derived ferritin is essential for tooth iron accumulation and mineralization in vivo. We further identified and characterized this ferritin, showing its ability to bind Fe²⁺ and promote iron mineralization both in vitro and ex vivo. These findings provide direct evidence supporting the hypothesis that limpets form goethite through in situ oxidation of Fe²⁺. This work advances our understanding of limpet tooth microstructure and iron biomineralization mechanisms, offering valuable insights for the design of biomimetic wear-resistant materials under ambient conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De novo Transcriptome Assembly of the Venom Gland of Conus inscriptus Provides Insights into its Conotoxin Repertoire","authors":"Karthika Raju,&nbsp;A. Kathirvelpandian,&nbsp;Arun Sudhagar,&nbsp;S. Murali,&nbsp;T. T. Ajith Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10675-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10675-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cone snails (<i>Conus</i> spp.) produce complex venoms rich in conotoxins, a diverse group of cysteine-rich peptides with high specificity toward ion channels, receptors, and transporters, making them valuable candidates for drug discovery. Despite the pharmacological potential of cone snail venoms, the venom composition of <i>Conus inscriptus</i> remains largely unexplored. In this study, we present the first comprehensive venom gland transcriptome of <i>C. inscriptus</i> collected from the southwest coast of India. High-throughput Illumina sequencing generated 179.6 million paired-end reads, which were assembled into 259,828 transcripts and 75,366 predicted coding sequences (CDS). Functional annotation revealed enrichment of genes involved in cellular processes, metabolism, protein processing, and signal transduction, reflecting the active biosynthetic nature of the venom gland. A total of 6,066 putative conotoxin genes were identified, of which 4,921 were classified into 23 recognised conotoxin superfamilies. The A, O1, and M superfamilies were the most abundant. Additionally, 1,145 transcripts were assigned to conflict groups due to overlapping superfamily characteristics. Analysis of conflict-associated transcripts revealed remarkable cystine framework diversity, including several previously unreported cysteine-rich architectures containing up to 20 cysteine residues. Structural characterisation using AlphaFold and FoldSeek identified both conserved proteins and a large proportion of highly novel proteins lacking recognisable structural homologs. Many of these proteins exhibited high intrinsic disorder, suggesting the presence of previously undescribed peptide scaffolds and lineage-specific venom components. Overall, the transcriptome of <i>C. inscriptus</i> reveals an extensive and previously undocumented repertoire of conotoxins and structurally unique proteins. These findings provide new insights into cone snail venom evolution and establish <i>C. inscriptus</i> as a promising source of novel bioactive peptides with potential applications in marine biotechnology, neuropharmacology, and peptide-based drug development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Characterization, and Biological Significance of a Novel C-type Marine Lectin Purified from Scylla serrata Hemolymph","authors":"Ritam Guha,&nbsp;Ishwarya Ramachandran,&nbsp;Sivashanmugam Karthikeyan,&nbsp;Baskaralingam Vaseeharan,&nbsp;Preetham Elumalai","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10670-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10670-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Marine lectins are unique glycoproteins that induce non-specific immunity in fishes and crustaceans. Mud crab <i>Scylla serrata</i> (<i>S. serrata</i>) is of significant economic value and is widely distributed, though it is considered a prized species in Southeast Asian countries. However, the characterisation of the C-type specific lectins is still not explored properly. In this current study, a novel C-type lectin (Ss-Lec) was purified from the hemolymph of the mud crab <i>S. serrata</i>, revealing a 71 kDa protein with remarkable biochemical and functional diversity. The purified Ss-Lec displayed a single sharp X-ray diffraction (XRD ) peak at 31.7°, a distinct High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) retention time of 5.259 min, and characteristic Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) profiles, confirming its high purity and structural integrity. Functionally, Ss-Lec exhibited strong hemagglutination activity at physiological pH (7–8) and moderate temperature (30 °C), with calcium dependence verified by EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) inhibition. The lectin effectively agglutinated human erythrocytes and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, with activity specifically inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine, D-mannose, and fucose. Beyond its agglutination potential, Ss-Lec significantly enhanced cellular encapsulation and phenoloxidase activity, underscoring its immunomodulatory capacity. Notably, Ss-Lec demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against major aquatic pathogens, forming inhibition zones up to 7 mm, and exhibited robust antibiofilm effectsachieving 82% inhibition against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> and over 68% against other tested species. Collectively, these findings reveal Ss-Lec as a multifunctional immune lectin with promising antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, highlighting its potential role in crustacean immunity and its future application as a natural bioactive molecule in aquaculture health management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Analysis of Physiological, Histological, and Transcriptomic Responses to Transport Density in Schizothorax nukiangensis","authors":"Jinlin Wang,&nbsp;Yuting Duan,&nbsp;Dapeng Gu,&nbsp;Hejiao Li,&nbsp;Luo Lei,&nbsp;Ning Wang,&nbsp;Wenjia He,&nbsp;Yinhua Zhou,&nbsp;Rongrong Liao,&nbsp;Mei Peng,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu,&nbsp;Zhaofang Han,&nbsp;Haiping Liu,&nbsp;Chaowei Zhou,&nbsp;Benhe Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10660-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10660-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transport density is a pivotal regulatory factor during live fish transport, as it determines the intensity of stress responses and subsequent survival. With increasing demands for artificial propagation, stock enhancement, and scientific research, the frequency of transporting <i>Schizothorax nukiangensis</i> has risen substantially. This study evaluated the effects of different transport densities (100, 150, and 200 kg/m³) after 4 h on water quality, plasma biochemistry, tissue morphology, and transcriptional responses. High-density transport elevated ammonia nitrogen and temperature, reduced pH, and caused mortality in the highest-density group. Gill and liver tissues exhibited progressive structural damage, accompanied by increased plasma ROS, SOD, cortisol, and glucose levels, while IgG, CAT and T-AOC decreased under higher densities. Transcriptomic analyses showed that upregulated DEGs in the gill were primarily enriched in Antigen processing and presentation, whereas innate immune pathways—including RIG-I-like receptor, IL-17, and cytosolic DNA-sensing—were suppressed. This pattern suggests that increasing transport density suppresses innate immune responses, thereby shifting immune regulation toward enhanced adaptive immune activation via antigen processing and presentation. Both gill and liver exhibited pronounced enrichment of lipid metabolism–related pathways—including steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and fat digestion and absorption—accompanied by extensive upregulation of these genes. These changes are tightly associated with activation of the PPAR signaling pathway, which facilitates fatty acid transport, degradation, and β-oxidation, thus sustaining energy supply under transport-induced stress. These findings clarify the physiological and molecular mechanisms of transport stress in <i>S. nukiangensis</i> and provide guidance for optimizing short-distance transport strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Protection of Atlantic Salmon Against Caligus Rogercresseyi and Piscirickettsia Salmonis Using IPath® and Commercial Vaccines","authors":"Antonio Casuso,&nbsp;Yeny Leal,&nbsp;Cristian Gallardo-Escárate,&nbsp;Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10663-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10663-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vaccine-based approaches provide a sustainable method for controlling pathogens in aquaculture. Our team previously created the IPath® vaccine, a recombinant formulation with metal-chelating properties. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of IPath® in salmon vaccinated with the mandatory vaccines used commercially in Chile, and to assess their effects on the transcriptome profiles of Atlantic salmon challenged with <i>Caligus rogercresseyi</i> and co-infected with <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i>. Four experimental groups of Atlantic salmon were immunized: IPath®, BlueGuard® (B) + Alpha Ject LiVac® SRS® (L), B + L + IPath®, and PBS as a control. After accumulating 400 thermal units (ATUs), vaccinated salmon were exposed to a coinfection model involving 35 copepodids per fish for 25 days, followed by an intraperitoneal infection with <i>P. salmonis</i> (1 × 10^8) for 16 days, with mortality recorded daily. Head kidney tissue samples were collected for mRNA Illumina sequencing at 25 days post-infection (dpi) for sea lice and at 16 dpi for <i>P. salmonis</i> infections. IPath® and B + L + IPath® showed 73.7 and 69.8% reduction in sea lice burden, respectively. Furthermore, the IPath® vaccinated group showed a delay in salmon mortality following <i>P. salmonis</i> infection compared with the other experimental groups. During sea lice infection, the B + L + IPath® group upregulated key immune-related genes, such as <i>cathelicidin</i>, <i>major histocompatibility complex class I</i>, and <i>interferon regulatory factor</i>, indicating an innate and adaptive immune response. During <i>P. salmonis</i> co-infection, the B + L group downregulated immune-related transcripts, including <i>metalloendopeptidase</i>, <i>interferon regulatory factor 7,</i> and T<i>-lymphocyte surface antigen Ly-9-like.</i> Biological processes and pathways related to stress response were highly enriched in the B + L group. Notably, the IPath® and B + L + IPath® groups triggered gene regulation associated with iron balance, such as <i>ferric chelate reductase 1</i>, in response to both pathogens. A synergy between IPath® and commercial vaccines, especially in iron regulation and immune response, offers a new approach for integrated control of <i>C. rogercresseyi</i> and <i>P. salmonis</i> in salmon farming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotenoid-Independent Shell Coloration in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas: Divergence from the Molluscan Pigmentation Paradigm","authors":"Yifei Zhang,&nbsp;Qi Li","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10669-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10669-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carotenoids are widely regarded as the main pigments driving yellow to orange shell coloration in mollusks, yet their role remains poorly understood in the economically important Pacific oyster <i>Crassostrea gigas</i> with abundant shell color morphs. To fill this research gap, we integrated Raman spectroscopy, HPLC detection, dietary supplementation trials, and gene expression profiling across four selectively bred strains with black (SB), white (SW), gold (SG), and orange shells (SO). Raman spectra revealed distinct pigment compositional profiles among different shell color morphs but displayed no characteristic carotenoid peaks within the 1500–1550 and 1150–1170 cm⁻¹ wavenumber ranges. Although HPLC detected only trace amounts of fucoxanthin in golden shells, carotenoid concentrations in the mantle showed no correlation with shell color and fluctuated markedly under different environmental conditions. Furthermore, a 28-day dietary supplementation trial verified that carotenoids were neither incorporated into shell structures nor did they contribute to mantle pigment deposition. Notably, key genes involved in carotenoid metabolism, including <i>CgAPO</i>, <i>CgBCO</i>, and <i>CgSR-BI</i>, were significantly upregulated in the hepatopancreas after dietary carotenoid feeding but were not expressed in mantle tissues, implying their physiological role in metabolic utilization rather than pigment allocation for shell coloration. Collectively, these findings challenge the conventional view that carotenoids dominate molluscan shell pigmentation, demonstrating that <i>C. gigas</i> deviates from the canonical carotenoid-based coloration paradigm, offering valuable insights for the genetic improvement of oyster color traits and advancing our understanding of molluscan pigmentation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic Transcriptomics Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Expression of IGF/IGFR Genes Underlying Growth Differences in Spinibarbus hollandi","authors":"Sixun Li,&nbsp;Mengmeng Wu,&nbsp;Min Zhang,&nbsp;Zihang Xie,&nbsp;Jie Lai,&nbsp;Lilin Zhan,&nbsp;Ziyan Deng,&nbsp;Guojun Cai,&nbsp;Jian Gong,&nbsp;Chong Han,&nbsp;Qiang Li","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10662-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10662-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sexual dimorphism in growth is a major factor affecting the economic efficiency of fish aquaculture; however, its molecular underpinnings remain incompletely elucidated. We combined comparative liver transcriptomics with genome-wide screening to identify growth-related genes in female and male <i>S. hollandi</i>. We identified 1063 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 869 being significantly upregulated in females. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed key growth-related pathways, including Growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action, mTOR, insulin and MAPK signaling pathway were significantly enriched. Furthermore, we identified seven core IGF system components at the genomic level: four ligands (<i>igf1</i>, <i>igf2a</i>, <i>igf2b</i>, <i>igf3</i>) and three receptors (<i>igf1ra</i>, <i>igf1rb</i>, <i>igf2r)</i>. Phylogenetic and protein structure analyses indicated high conservation of these genes among teleosts. Multi-tissue expression profiling revealed marked tissue specificity and sexual dimorphism for several IGF members. Notably, hepatic expression levels of <i>igf1</i>, <i>igf2a</i>, <i>igf2b</i>, and <i>igf1ra</i> were significantly higher in females than in males. This expression pattern correlates with the faster female growth phenotype. Here, we present the first systematic characterization of the <i>IGF/IGFR</i> gene family in <i>S. hollandi</i> and based on comparative hepatic transcriptomics targeting growth-related pathways, suggesting that sexually dimorphic activity of the hepatic IGF system may serve as a central regulatory mechanism at the transcriptional level driving growth dimorphism. These findings offer novel theoretical insights and candidate genes for understanding the molecular mechanisms of sexual growth differences in fish and for advancing molecular breeding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Temperature Adaptation Mechanisms of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System","authors":"Xiangbing Cheng,&nbsp;Ziyi Chen,&nbsp;Fangcheng Li,&nbsp;Qigen Liu,&nbsp;Wenjing Hu,&nbsp;Jiamin Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10666-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10666-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Domestication has profoundly transformed human production and lifestyles. The Qingtian rice-fish co-culture system is the first globally important agricultural heritage system (GIAHS). PF-carp are a key species in the Qingtian rice-fish system and have been domesticated in rice paddies for more than a millennium, yet the mechanisms of their tolerance to high temperature conditions remain unresolved. In this study, 28℃ as the control group (C0), and two heat stress groups were established at 38℃ for 0 h (H0) and 24 h (H24). Brain tissues were sampled for physiological index measurements and transcriptomic analysis. Physiological analyses showed that the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px increased initially and then declined, whereas MDA levels exhibited a continuous increase. Transcriptome profiling identified 9,825 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs indicated that immune responses and metabolic regulation were consistently involved throughout the thermal adaptation process. During acute warming phase, pathways such as protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, FoxO signaling pathway and glycerophospholipid metabolism were enriched. Under prolonged high temperature exposure, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, PPAR signaling pathway and TGF-β signaling pathway were prominently enriched. Within these pathways, genes including <i>grp94</i>, <i>hsp70</i>, <i>bip</i>, <i>nef</i>, <i>il-1r</i>,<i> tlr8</i>,<i> cctgα6</i>,<i> ccr4</i>, <i>cxcr3</i>, and <i>il-10</i> were significantly up-regulated (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). These results indicate that PF-carp exhibit coordinated brain physiological and transcriptomic responses to high temperature exposure, involving protein quality control, immune signaling, and metabolic regulation. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which PF-carp adapt to thermal exposure and provide theoretical support for the breeding of heat tolerant fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}