Chemical Society Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The role of adsorption and diffusion in improving the selectivity and reactivity of zeolite catalysts","authors":"Daoning Wu, Min Yang, Jun Yu, Michael Dyballa, Ping Yang, Mingfeng Li, Guangjin Hou, Michael Hunger, Weili Dai","doi":"10.1039/d5cs00220f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs00220f","url":null,"abstract":"This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, characterization techniques, and recent advances in understanding molecular adsorption and diffusion behaviors within zeolite materials. By examining the distinctive microporous frameworks, tunable pore sizes, and adjustable acid site distributions of zeolites, we highlight how adsorption and diffusion processes critically govern catalytic activity and selectivity. We discuss state-of-the-art experimental approaches alongside multi-scale computational methods, which collectively shed light on the molecular-level transport dynamics, interaction mechanisms, and energy barriers within zeolite channels. Focusing on exemplary topologies, we detail their performance and mechanistic insights in key applications including hydrocarbon adsorption, catalytic cracking, methanol conversion, and molecular separation. We further explore how tuning the Si/Al ratio, incorporating metal ions, engineering hierarchical pore structures, and regulating acid site distributions can synergistically optimize adsorption and diffusion, thereby enhancing catalytic efficiency and selectivity. These advancements pave the way for precise molecular-level control over transport phenomena and reaction pathways, underpinning the development of sustainable zeolite-based catalysts for clean energy, chemical process, and environmental applications.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-molecule photoacoustic probes for in vivo imaging","authors":"Xiaoqing Wang, Beibei Cui, Qian Sun, Hang Liu and Zhipeng Liu","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00745C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00745C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photoacoustic (PA) imaging, a non-invasive and non-radioactive biological modality, has emerged as a powerful tool for <em>in vivo</em> bioimaging, offering high-spatial-resolution capabilities in deep tissues. Recent advancements in small molecule-based PA probes have significantly expanded the utility of PA imaging, enabling high-spatiotemporal-resolution visualization of diverse biological processes and thereby advancing the field from anatomical to molecular applications. This comprehensive review provides an overview of small molecule-based PA probes tailored for <em>in vivo</em> imaging. We delve into their fundamental design strategies, photophysical properties, and intricate response mechanisms, aiming to facilitate future innovations in biological sensing and imaging. Probes are systematically categorized based on their utility in detecting and imaging critical bioactive species, including metal ions, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, hypoxia, biothiols, enzymes, pH, and polarity. Finally, we discuss current limitations and outline future prospects to inspire continued research across the interdisciplinary domains of chemistry, chemical biology, and biomedicine. This review serves as a valuable resource and guide for the development of next-generation small molecule-based PA probes for practical molecular imaging applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 8809-8844"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis from 2015 to 2024","authors":"Dan Ling, Yusong Ran, Fachang Yang, Xiaoqun Yang, Xingxing Wu, Shi-Chao Ren and Zhichao Jin","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00600G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00600G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The key progress in the field of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis during the period of 2015 to 2024 is systematically summarized and discussed in this review. The content is organized based on the activation modes involved in these transformations. Trends in the development and plausible future breakthroughs within this highly active research field are provided at the end of this review based on our own research experiences and opinions on NHC organocatalysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 8725-8808"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halogen-confining host materials for high-performance zinc–halogen batteries","authors":"Shude Liu, Xue Peng, Yafei Chai, Ming Ma, Huilin Zhang, Jieming Chen, Ling Kang, Bin Ding, Yusuke Yamauchi and Seong Chan Jun","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00846H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00846H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Zinc–halogen batteries hold great promise for grid-scale energy storage owing to their multi-electron transfer capability, abundant halogen resources, low cost and high theoretical voltage and capacity. However, they are still constrained by the sluggish redox kinetics of halogen species and the uncontrollable shuttling of polyhalide intermediates, which compromise energy efficiency and cycling stability. In this regard, the rational design of halogen-confining host materials has emerged as a promising strategy; however, a comprehensive review of this fast-evolving field is still lacking. This tutorial review begins with an overview of configurations and fundamental mechanisms of zinc–halogen batteries, followed by in-depth discussions on their thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics governing halogen reactions. We then critically analyze the key challenges of halogen cathodes and propose a confinement–catalysis–conduction triad to rationalize the design of host materials, elucidating their structure–performance correlations and mechanistic insights across various zinc–halogen battery systems, including Zn–Cl<small>₂</small>, Zn–Br<small>₂</small>, Zn–I<small>₂</small> and Zn–dual halogen configurations. Furthermore, optimization strategies encompassing rational structural design, surface functionalization, heteroatom doping, engineering of single/dual-atom catalysts and heterostructure engineering are highlighted to promote halogen confinement, accelerate redox kinetics, and facilitate charge transport within halogen-based cathodes. Finally, we provide a concise perspective on existing barriers and emerging opportunities, offering valuable guidance for high-performance zinc–halogen batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 8636-8724"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical, polymeric and microbial modifications of wood toward advanced functional applications: a review","authors":"Changzhu Huang, Qin Qin, Yanbo Liu, Gaigai Duan, Peng Xiao, Yong Huang, Changtong Mei, Xiaoshuai Han, Jingquan Han, Shuijian He and Shaohua Jiang","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00046G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00046G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As concern for environmental sustainability continues to grow, wood, as a renewable resource and a composite of natural polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), has garnered increasing research attention. Traditional wood may have certain limitations in specific applications, such as being susceptible to moisture and biological degradation, as well as shortcomings in strength and durability. Therefore, wood modification has become a crucial strategy to enhance its performance and broaden its range of applications. This review provides a detailed analysis of how physicochemical, polymer composite, and biological modification techniques can extend the service life of wood, consequently reducing reliance on non-renewable polymer resources. Additionally, modified wood can be applied in various scenarios, including construction, smart packaging, flexible electronics, biomedical devices, and seawater evaporation units. In the future, the field of wood modification is expected to further improve the performance and broaden the application potential of wood through the introduction of more environmentally friendly technologies and the development of new functional materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 9027-9091"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atom-precise coinage metal nanoclusters for near-infrared emission: excited-state dynamics and mechanisms","authors":"Ze-Yu Liu, Qing-Bin Nie, Bao-Liang Han, Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Guang-Lei Dong, Geng-Geng Luo, Zhi-Lin Yang and Di Sun","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00383K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00383K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Understanding the excited-state dynamics of atomically precise coinage metal nanoclusters (CMNCs) is pivotal for elucidating their photoluminescence (PL) mechanisms and rationally tuning emission properties—particularly in the near-infrared (NIR) region, where CMNC-based nanomaterials have tremendous potential for biomedical and optoelectronic applications. This review presents a systematic and comprehensive account of recent advances in investigating the excited-state dynamics and PL mechanisms of NIR-emitting CMNCs with atomic precision, leveraging the synergistic integration of time-resolved spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Distinct from previous reviews that offer a broad survey of CMNC properties, the present review focuses specifically on intrinsic factors, highlighting molecular vibrational features and electronic structure modulation as key determinants of NIR emission. We begin by outlining how time-resolved spectroscopic techniques—including femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption (fs-/ns-TA) and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS)—coupled with TD-DFT modeling, facilitate the probing of relaxation dynamics, photophysical behaviors, and the underlying electronic structures of CMNCs. We then highlight how these advanced techniques reveal the role of coherent oscillations and excited-state relaxation in dictating PL efficiency and characteristics, while delving into strategies such as ligand rigidification, metal doping, kernel engineering, and induced structural transformations that suppress non-radiative decay pathways and thereby enhance NIR PL quantum yield (PLQY) in the NIR region. Finally, we conclude by discussing the current challenges and future opportunities in deepening our understanding of optical properties and excited-state dynamics of NIR-emitting CMNCs, underscoring the imperative for advanced experimental methodologies and rational design strategies to optimize their functionalities for emerging applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 9092-9115"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organocatalysis promoted by 1,2,3-triazolylidenes (MICs): carbenes which make a difference","authors":"Fan Gao, Xiaoyu Yan and Guy Bertrand","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00657K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00657K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) hold a unique significance in organometallic catalysis and are powerful organocatalysts for a variety of organic transformations involving crucial intermediates such as Breslow intermediates (<strong>BI</strong>s), deprotonated <strong>BI</strong>s (<strong>BI<small>⁻</small></strong>s), ketyl radicals (<strong>KR</strong>s), and acyl azoliums (<strong>AA</strong>s). To address the remaining challenges facing reactions catalyzed by NHCs, non-classical stable carbenes, namely 1,2,3-triazolylidenes (MICs), cousins of NHCs, have shown great potential. MICs share similar features with typical NHCs but possess unique characteristics, such as enhanced σ-donor ability and absence of dimerization. Consequently, they have emerged as effective metal-free carbene catalysts for various chemical transformations. This review provides an overview of the fundamental characteristics of 1,2,3-triazolylidenes, along with the significant organic synthetic applications of these carbenes.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 9008-9026"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-phase microenvironment modification by optimizing ionomer towards high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells","authors":"Jie Li, Qianli Ma, Shuda Dong, Shuang Zhao, Bo Wang and Xiao Feng","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00604J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00604J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) represent a promising clean and efficient energy conversion technology. Enhancing the efficiency of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is crucial for improving overall cell performance. Beyond the intrinsic activity of the catalyst, mass transport at the oxygen–water-catalyst three-phase boundary (TPB) in the catalyst layers (CLs) significantly influences ORR kinetics. Within CLs, ionomers function as both binders and proton conductors, facilitating catalyst dispersion and reducing interfacial resistance between the CL and the PEM, thereby directly impacting Pt utilization and activity. Currently, linear polymer ionomers are predominantly used owing to their high proton conductivity; however, they often impede oxygen access to catalytic sites and lack effective water management capabilities. To address these limitations, recent efforts have focused on tailoring ionomer structure to optimize the three-phase microenvironment. This review first outlines the mechanisms of proton, water, and gas transport in ionomers, followed by characterization techniques for evaluating catalyst activity, microenvironment, and mass transport within CLs. We then highlight emerging strategies to optimize Pt/ionomer interfaces through structural regulation of ionomers, additive incorporation, and rational CL design. Special attention is devoted to the open framework ionomer, which significantly enhances mass transport and promotes maximal Pt utilization. Finally, we present perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in ionomer development, with a focus on mechanistic insights and performance enhancement. We anticipate that continued progress in ionomer research will pave the way for next-generation materials, ultimately enhancing the practicality and commercial viability of hydrogen fuel cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 8555-8581"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging processing guidelines for solid electrolytes in the era of oxide-based solid-state batteries†","authors":"Moran Balaish, Kun Joong Kim, Hyunwon Chu, Yuntong Zhu, Juan Carlos Gonzalez-Rosillo, Lingping Kong, Haemin Paik, Steffen Weinmann, Zachary D. Hood, Jesse Hinricher, Lincoln J. Miara and Jennifer L. M. Rupp","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00358J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00358J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The current most mature, competitive, and dominant battery technology for electric vehicles (EVs) is the Li-ion battery (LIB). As future EVs will rely on battery technology, further innovation is essential for the success of mobility electrification towards improving the driving range and reducing the charging time and price competitiveness. The commonly cited next generation technologies are hybrid and solid-state batteries (SSBs) enabling high energy densities using lithium. Through a critical approach, we dismantle the oxide-based solid-state battery electrolytes, their chemistries and ceramic manufacture. We evaluate the relevance of solid-state electrolytes and their integration into battery types compared to Li-ion batteries considering a holistic life cycle thinking of sustainable battery production. We evaluate the relevant oxide-based materials and requirements, the material supply chain, and diverse recycling concepts. We raise critical questions about the development of oxide-based SSBs mainly for large-scale production and EV applications, which demand attention to fill current scientific and technological gaps. Next, we critically discuss three major ceramic synthesis routes toward oxide-based solid electrolytes: solid-state processing, wet-chemical solution processing, and vapor deposition. In-depth processing guidelines, hindrances, and opportunities are highlighted. Through a high-level approach, the advantages and disadvantages of each processing method are introduced, while accounting for four major processing metrics applicable for obtaining high Li-ion conducting solid-state Li oxide electrolytes: chemistry of the precursors, dopants and stoichiometry, synthesis temperature, and atmosphere and pressure. We broaden the processing discussion from a single electrolyte component to electrode/electrolyte tandems examining interfaces during cell fabrication, possible cell architectures, design-specific processing methods, challenges, and mitigating solutions for both bulk-type batteries and thin film batteries. Finally, future perspectives and key guidelines for the realization of all SSBs are analyzed and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 8925-9007"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/cs/d5cs00358j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in applied supramolecular technologies 2021–2025†","authors":"Dominick E. Balderston, Elba Feo, Anamaria Leonescu, Mackenzie Stevens, Alexander M. Wilmshurst, Philip A. Gale, Cally J. E. Haynes, George T. Williams and Jennifer R. Hiscock","doi":"10.1039/D4CS01037J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS01037J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Supramolecular chemistry is a rapidly evolving field that has focused on building a foundation of fundamental understanding in controlling molecular self-assembly, through the use of non-covalent interactions. A common criticism of the field is that whilst the systems produced are very elegant, they do not have real-world use. Therefore, focus is now moving to applying the fundamental understanding of supramolecular chemistry to the production of commercially viable products. Building on our previous review in this area, which described the translational potential of innovations within the field of supramolecular chemistry up to the year 2020, we now review the progress of this field over the years 2021–2025 with the aim to inspire researchers to apply supramolecular chemistry to solve real world problems, moving innovation out of the laboratory and into the commercial marketplace.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 8888-8924"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/cs/d4cs01037j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}