Chemical Society Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances in green printing materials and technologies.","authors":"Zeying Zhang, Yang Yun, Zixuan Zhang, Meng Su, Yanlin Song","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00520a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6cs00520a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green printing has emerged as a powerful additive manufacturing strategy for fabricating functional materials and devices over large areas, while reducing material consumption, processing steps, production costs and chemical waste. By precisely controlling droplet movement, fluid transport, and interfacial assembly, printing enables the direct patterning of highly integrated structures on various substrates. Over the past five years, rapid advances in functional ink design, printing processes, device integration, and artificial intelligence (AI) have accelerated the transition of printed materials and technologies from laboratory demonstrations towards industrial manufacturing. Nevertheless, their broader deployment remains limited by persistent trade-offs between resolution, throughput, scalability and reproducibility. In this review, we first summarize recent developments in inkjet printing, template-guided printing, 3D printing, transfer printing, roll-to-roll manufacturing and other emerging printing techniques, with emphasis on improving material utilization, simplifying processing procedures, and achieving large-scale production. We then discuss printable functional materials, including quantum dots, nanomaterials, perovskites, polymers, and their composites, highlighting the roles of material composition, rheology, and stability in determining their final functionalities. On this basis, we introduce representative applications in electronics, photonics, biomedical engineering, microfluidics and soft robotics. We further examine the effect of AI on green printing in various aspects such as ink formulations, process optimization, structural design, and closed-loop control. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects for achieving green and sustainable printing in practical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"9761-9819"},"PeriodicalIF":48.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterocyclic covalent organic framework membranes for water purification.","authors":"Guishan Hu, Junke Qiu, Zeyu Yang, Xue-Li Cao, Shi-Peng Sun, Miaomiao Tian, Junyong Zhu, Jingwei Hou, Yatao Zhang, Yong Wang, Bart Van der Bruggen","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00463f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6cs00463f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalating global freshwater crisis demands next-generation, high-performance water purification technologies. Heterocyclic covalent organic framework membranes (HC-COFMs) have emerged as a transformative platform. By strategically integrating nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-containing heteroatoms into crystalline framework architectures, HC-COFMs achieve unparalleled control over pore chemistry, surface functionality, and molecular transport channels. This comprehensive review systematically explores the structure-property-performance relationships governing HC-COFMs in water-energy-environment applications. We critically examine rational molecular design strategies centered on heterocyclic monomers and robust linkages, alongside state-of-the-art fabrication techniques, including interfacial polymerization, <i>in situ</i> growth, covalent organic nanosheet (CON) stacking, and matrix blending. Furthermore, we highlight the multifunctional utility of HC-COFMs across five key application domains: molecular separation, ion sieving, membrane catalysis, solar-driven water purification, and emerging applications including critical metal recovery and remediation of emerging organic microcontaminants. All these functionalities are underpinned by the exceptional anti-fouling properties and chemical stability intrinsic to heterocyclic COF architectures. Finally, we outline current bottlenecks and future research directions, offering a strategic roadmap to guide the rational design of next-generation HC-COFMs for sustainable, cross-disciplinary water-energy-environment applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"9415-9466"},"PeriodicalIF":48.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur cathode design for high-energy-density metal-sulfur batteries: from liquid to solid electrolyte cells.","authors":"Dong-Yeob Han, Arumugam Manthiram","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00442c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6cs00442c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metal-sulfur batteries are attracting broad interest as next-generation energy-storage systems because sulfur offers a high theoretical capacity, low cost, and natural abundance. Among them, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries remain the most extensively studied, while room-temperature sodium-sulfur (Na-S) batteries are emerging as attractive alternatives for low-cost and large-scale storage. However, their practical implementation remains limited by inefficient sulfur utilization, sluggish redox kinetics, severe interfacial and chemo-mechanical degradation, and the distinct challenges imposed by different electrolyte environments. In this review, sulfur cathode design is examined as the central enabling factor for translating the theoretical advantages of metal-sulfur chemistry into practical high-energy-density batteries. We first discuss the key cell-level parameters that govern practical energy density and the fundamental reaction and degradation processes in liquid and solid electrolyte systems. We then analyze how sulfur cathode design has evolved from simple sulfur confinement toward multiscale architectures that regulate sulfur chemistry, transport, and structural stability, spanning both liquid electrolyte and all-solid-state configurations. By comparing these two regimes within a unified framework, this review highlights which design principles are broadly transferable, which must be redefined, and how sulfur cathodes should be coupled with electrolytes and realistic cell constraints. Finally, we outline the major challenges and future opportunities for advancing metal-sulfur batteries toward practical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"9718-9760"},"PeriodicalIF":48.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enantioselective carboamination of olefins catalyzed by transition metals.","authors":"Zhi-Kun Zhang, Velayudham Sankar, Haichao Shen, Junliang Zhang, Junfeng Yang","doi":"10.1039/d5cs00590f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5cs00590f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enantioselective olefin carboamination is the simultaneous formation of C-N and C-C bonds across an alkene. This method represents a powerful strategy to build molecular complexity with up to two vicinal stereocenters in a single operation. Over the past two decades, transition metal catalyzed enantioselective olefin carboamination has been well-developed. Various elegant studies have employed this strategy to synthesise a series of amines or aza-heterocycles with stereocenters. Initially, reactions catalyzed by noble metals such as Pd and Rh were explored, followed by the development of enantioselective carboamination reactions using non-noble metals (Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu). In this review, we will discuss enantioselective olefin carboamination catalyzed by different transition metals and provide a detailed overview of the mechanisms involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"9467-9492"},"PeriodicalIF":48.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148756832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Fenton reaction to ferroptosis: chemistry of metal complexes in regulated cell death by lipid peroxidation.","authors":"S Shivangi, Bidare N SharathBabu, Govindasamy Mugesh","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00041j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6cs00041j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferroptosis is a regulated, iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by the unchecked peroxidation of polyunsaturated phospholipids and the collapse of cellular antioxidant defenses. Its therapeutic modulation has emerged as a promising strategy across a broad spectrum of diseases, particularly cancer, where ferroptosis induction offers opportunities to overcome apoptosis resistance and treatment tolerance. In this context, coordination chemistry provides a uniquely versatile platform for controlling intracellular redox processes, metal homeostasis, and radical reactivity, enabling the rational design of metal-based ferroptosis modulators. This review critically examines the rapidly expanding landscape of ferroptosis-inducing metal complexes derived from Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, Ga, Ru, Ir, Os, Pt, Au, and related elements for anticancer applications. We discuss how metal identity, oxidation state, coordination environment, and ligand architecture collectively govern redox reactivity, subcellular localization, biomolecular interactions, and catalytic reactive oxygen species generation. Particular emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms through which metallodrugs promote ferroptosis, including expansion of the labile iron pool (LIP), disruption of antioxidant defense pathways such as GPX4/GSH, ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1)/coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀), and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), as well as initiation of lipid peroxidation through both non-enzymatic and enzyme-mediated processes. We further highlight the central role of ligand design in dictating ferroptotic activity. Soft sulfur-donor frameworks, including thiosemicarbazones and dithiocarbamates, facilitate Fe- and Cu-mediated redox cycling, whereas polypyridyl and macrocyclic scaffolds modulate metal-centered redox accessibility, kinetic stability, and intracellular trafficking. N-Heterocyclic carbene ligands provide an additional level of control by tuning metal-ligand electronic properties and exploiting the pronounced thiophilicity of Au(I) toward seleno- and thiol-containing proteins. Emerging strategies, including ionophore-based approaches, Trojan-horse iron-delivery approaches, and activatable metalloprodrug-based approaches, are also discussed as promising avenues for enhancing ferroptotic selectivity and efficacy. Finally, we outline key challenges that must be addressed to translate ferroptosis-inducing metallodrugs toward clinical application, including improving tumour selectivity, optimizing pharmacokinetic behaviour, understanding metal-specific toxicities, and establishing robust mechanistic biomarkers. Collectively, this review highlights how coordination chemistry can be leveraged to chemically programme ferroptotic susceptibility and positions metallodrug design as a powerful frontier in precision oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"9652-9717"},"PeriodicalIF":48.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and controlling crystal water in Prussian blue analogues","authors":"Yun Gao,Hang Zhang,Xihao Lin,Yangyang Liu,Xingqiao Wu,Xiaohao Liu,Yu Su,Huanhuan Dong,Rui Wang,Chaofeng Zhang,Shulei Chou,Li Li","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00430j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cs00430j","url":null,"abstract":"Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their open ion-diffusion channels, scalable synthesis, and competitive energy density. However, crystal water in their frameworks significantly limits capacity, rate performance, safety, and cycling stability, thereby hindering their practical application. This review systematically analyzes the roles of crystal water, focusing on its migration dynamics and multiscale effects on structure and electrochemical behavior. A structure–water–performance relationship is proposed, linking crystal phases, electronic structures, ion transport, and interfacial reactions. Strategies for regulating crystal water are summarized in three categories: controlled synthesis, post-treatment, and electrolyte/interface engineering. Advanced characterization techniques and computational simulations for investigating crystalline water in the PBA framework have been introduced. Industrial challenges are also discussed, with emphasis on the cost-benefit balance of different water-regulation strategies. Finally, future directions are outlined, such as in situ tracking of water during cycling and heating, and predictive models linking water activity to long-term stability. Overall, this review aims to guide the rational design and scalable production of PBAs with controlled crystal water content, thereby enabling safe and durable SIBs for grid-scale storage and portable electronics.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149010200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon–carbon bond cleavage for lignin and plastics deconstruction","authors":"Davide Rigo,Brandon L. Frey,Alison Sy-min Chang,Marcos G. Farpón,Erik T. Ouellette,Yuriy Román-Leshkov,Gregg T. Beckham,Joseph M. Samec","doi":"10.1039/d4cs00811a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4cs00811a","url":null,"abstract":"The cleavage of C–O bonds has enabled significant progress in both lignin valorization and recycling of polyester plastics. However, for the more recalcitrant fraction(s) of these feedstocks – namely, C–C linkages found in lignin and polymer backbones – the selective cleavage of C–C bonds remains a critical challenge. Selective cleavage of these bonds is essential to enhance both the carbon efficiency and economic viability of biorefining and plastics deconstruction to value-added products. This review provides an overview of the available methodologies for C–C bond cleavage useful for lignin and plastics deconstruction, with particular focus on accessible reaction mechanisms. Methods for C–C bond cleavage from other areas of chemistry are considered alongside approaches specifically applied to lignin and plastics. We provide perspective on promising C–C bond cleavage methods, substrate classes, engineering considerations, and guidelines for reporting C–C bond cleavage yields.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148980665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolving the iridium dilemma in PEM water electrolysis: multiscale design of low-iridium and iridium-free anodes","authors":"Huihui Li,Jun Xu,Chuan Zhao","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00386a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cs00386a","url":null,"abstract":"Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is regarded as one of the leading technologies for large-scale green hydrogen production owing to its high efficiency, rapid dynamic response, and compatibility with intermittent renewable energy. However, its large-scale deployment is fundamentally constrained by the iridium dilemma. Although iridium-based catalysts exhibit unparalleled activity and durability for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), their scarcity, high cost, and limited global supply are incompatible with terawatt-scale deployment. While substantial progress has been achieved in developing low-iridium and iridium-free anodes, practical implementation remains challenging because catalyst activity, durability, interfacial transport, and device performance are intrinsically coupled across multiple length scales, leading to a persistent gap between laboratory catalyst development and practical operation. This Review presents a multiscale framework for resolving the iridium dilemma through the rational design of low-iridium and iridium-free PEMWE anodes. Beginning with the fundamental challenges of activity, durability, and the half-cell-to-device translation, we discuss catalyst-level strategies for maximizing active-site utilisation and balancing activity–stability trade-offs, followed by interface-level approaches for controlling interfacial water structures and proton-transfer processes. At the device level, considerations including scalable catalyst synthesis catalyst-layer-centred anode design, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design and fabrication, in-cell degradation diagnostics, benchmarking protocols, and techno-economic assessment, are then examined in relation to practical PEMWE operation. Finally, we outline the remaining challenges and future opportunities for bridging fundamental acidic OER catalysis with durable, scalable, and economically viable low-iridium and iridium-free PEM water electrolysers.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148973259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond vanadium: inorganic redox chemistries for next-generation aqueous flow batteries","authors":"Qianru Chen,Wei Wang,Zhihao Tian,Junnan Hao,Shi-Zhang Qiao","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00279j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cs00279j","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid renewable electricity integration into power grids demands safe and stable long-duration energy storage, positioning aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) as promising candidates. All-vanadium RFBs, the most mature technology, have achieved megawatt-scale deployment but remain constrained by costly vanadium, motivating exploration for alternatives. Organic molecule-based RFBs have been widely investigated because of earth-abundant constituent elements and extensive molecular tunability; yet challenges with chemical stability, practical concentration, and oxygen sensitivity of organic molecules hinder their applicability. Inorganic species beyond vanadium, by contrast, offer superior chemical robustness and practical operability but lack a comprehensive and focused assessment. This review critically evaluates inorganic aqueous RFB chemistries, including zinc, chromium, iron, manganese, sulfur, iodine, bromine, and polyoxometalates. Emphasis is placed on their distinctive electrochemical properties, merits, key limitations, and recent advances in both laboratory research and industrial deployment. Rather than simply cataloguing recent progress, disparate strategies are systematically organized into coherent categories with representative studies underscored. By presenting a timely and integrated picture of diverse inorganic RFBs, this review enables direct comparison of performance trade-offs and technological maturity across systems, identifies interconnected barriers to commercialization, and highlights key directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148973260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cathode lithium-rich compensators for next-generation lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Fangzheng Liu,Lin Wang,Shu Zhao,Meixin Liu,Qi Yu,Xiaojing Yang,Yang Li,Xianwei Guo,Zhenhui Bai,Guoqing Wang,Xu Zhang,Yingzhi Sun,Yaqi Hu,Na Liu,Haijun Yu","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00427j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cs00427j","url":null,"abstract":"Active lithium loss during initial cycling and long-term operation is a key factor limiting the energy density and cycling life of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Among various prelithiation approaches developed to address this challenge, cathode lithium-rich compensators (LRCs) have garnered widespread attention due to their superior lithium compensation efficiency and excellent compatibility with conventional electrode fabrication processes. Despite rapid progress in this field, the relationships among lithium-release chemistry, charge-compensation mechanisms, electrode compatibility, and cell-level performance remain insufficiently organized. In this review, we first establish a classification framework for cathode LRCs based on their lithium compensation mechanisms, covering binary, ternary, over-lithiated, sacrificial lithium salts, and sustained-release types, and systematically summarize their working principles, typical charge compensation pathways, and practical performance. Subsequently, we discuss key challenges, including air instability, gas evolution, high delithiation voltage, and processing issues. Finally, we highlight the corresponding mitigation strategies involving nanoscale engineering, surface coating, defect and doping design, and electrolyte optimization. Through comparative investigation of lithium compensation approaches on the cathode-side and anode-side, and electrolyte-mediated lithium compensation strategies, we clarify their complementary effects. Building on these insights, we propose a synergistic multimodal lithium-compensation strategy that integrates one-shot prelithiation with sustained lithium release. Furthermore, an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven strategy for the synergistic optimization of cathode-, anode-, and electrolyte-side prelithiation is proposed. The potential of AI for materials screening, molecular structure design, and the precise matching of lithium sources was also systematically analyzed. This review aims to provide a coherent picture of cathode prelithiation chemistry and to offer practical guidance for material design, electrode engineering, and system integration toward high-energy-density, long-life LIBs.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148973413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}