Recent development and future perspectives for the electrosynthesis of hydroxylamine and its derivatives.

Abstract

Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) is a crucial raw material and chemical intermediate with significant applications in medicine, materials science, and semiconductor industries. Conventional synthetic methods for NH2OH are usually accompanied by high energy consumption and environmental pollution. Recently, electrochemical synthesis has emerged as a greener and more sustainable alternative in comparison with conventional methods. In this review, we highlight the cutting-edge advances in the electrosynthesis of NH2OH and its derivatives. Starting from the upstream reactants, we analyze the reaction mechanisms of reactive nitrogen oxides involved in NH2OH electrosynthesis, with a particular focus on the specific pathways for producing NH2OH or adsorbed NH2OH (*NH2OH) on various catalysts. Regarding the downstream applications of NH2OH, we clarify the catalytic systems for the synthesis of various value-added chemicals stemming from NH2OH or *NH2OH. Finally, we address the critical challenges and future directions in the electrosynthesis of NH2OH and its derivatives. This review aims to provide insights into the development of innovative catalyst design, in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms, and potential industrial applications for the electrosynthesis of NH2OH and its derivatives.