Taewoo Park, Ji Su Kim, Daewon Ko, Gi Doo Cha, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Dong Chan Kim
{"title":"Advances in Flexible, Foldable, and Stretchable Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes: Materials and Fabrication Strategies","authors":"Taewoo Park, Ji Su Kim, Daewon Ko, Gi Doo Cha, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Dong Chan Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11814-024-00236-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-024-00236-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deformable light-emitting devices, capable of maintaining consistent light emission even under mechanical deformations, represent a cornerstone for next-generation human-centric electronics. Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), leveraging the electroluminescence (EL) of colloidal quantum dots (QDs), show exceptional promise in this domain. Their superior advantages, such as excellent color purity, high luminous efficiency, slim form factor, and facile fabrication on various soft substrates, position them as prime candidates for deformable EL devices. This review explores recent advancements in deformable QLEDs, with a particular focus on material engineering and fabrication strategies. We begin by introducing various types of QDs and the operational principles of QLEDs, along with summarizing performance enhancements in reported deformable devices. Next, we categorize device structures based on the direction of light emission. We then discuss representative methods for patterning QD thin films on flexible substrates to fabricate full-color QLEDs. Additionally, we highlight fabrication strategies for deformable QLEDs with unconventional form factors, including flexible, foldable, fiber-type, and stretchable devices, and their potential applications. We conclude this review with a brief outlook on the future of this technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"41 13","pages":"3517 - 3543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Quercetin-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Screening Anticancer Potentials: A Flow Cytometry Approach","authors":"Jiyoung Lee, Roopkumar Sangubotla, Jongsung Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11814-024-00234-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-024-00234-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized via the Turkevich-Frens approach, conjugated with polyphenol moieties named quercetin (Qu), and prepared as Au-Qu NPs. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of the Au-Qu NPs through an apoptosis assay and a live/dead staining assay. The cell viability and apoptosis studies of the synthesized AuNPs and Au-Qu NPs were investigated on mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3) and human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa). Interestingly, minimal cytotoxicity was observed in 3T3 cells. Also, an apoptosis assay was conducted using the flow cytometry approach to investigate the cell death in both 3T3 and HeLa cells after the treatment of AuNPs and Au-Qu NPs using Annexin-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) dyes. The apoptosis studies were performed in both 3T3 and HeLa cells, and the Au-Qu NPs exhibited a reasonably increased apoptosis of 34.5% in HeLa cells as compared to AuNPs in HeLa cells (32.2%). Thus, the Au-Qu NPs are more suitable for investigating anticancer properties than AuNPs. In addition, Au-Qu NPs are displaying less early apoptosis (40.5%) than AuNPs (54.7%) in 3T3 cells, which suggests that Au-Qu NPs are biocompatible in healthy cells. The live/dead assay results obtained in 3T3 and HeLa cells in a time-dependent manner (0, 6, 12, and 24 h) have demonstrated the potential cell viability and cell toxicity in response to AuNPs and Au-Qu NPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"41 11","pages":"3095 - 3103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ligand Engineering for Indium-Based III–V Semiconductor Nanocrystals: A Review on Recent Process","authors":"Hyunwoo Jo, Moon Sung Kang","doi":"10.1007/s11814-024-00235-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-024-00235-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent ligand engineering strategies for indium-based III–V semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), focusing specifically on indium phosphide (InP) and indium arsenide (InAs). These materials have gained significant research interest as active substances compliant with the restriction of hazardous substances directive (RoHS) for advanced optoelectronic applications. Ligands attached to the NC surfaces play critical roles in determining the physical characteristics of the materials, including their structure, size, colloidal stability, electronic properties, and associated optophysical processes. Hence, practical applications of InP and InAs NCs require a good understanding of these ligands. Moreover, recent advances have demonstrated the importance of selecting appropriate ligands for enhancing the electronic and optical performances of InP and InAs NC-based electronic devices such as thin-film transistors, photovoltaic devices, photodetectors, and light-emitting devices. This review highlights the recent progress, technical challenges, and future directions in the context of ligand engineering to realize high-performance InP and InAs NC-based electronic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"41 13","pages":"3431 - 3448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe-Doped Nickel Cobalt Phosphate Nanofibers for High-Stability Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting","authors":"Suraj A. Khalate, Thach N. Tu, Jinsoo Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11814-024-00231-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-024-00231-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we synthesized new iron-doped nickel cobalt phosphate nanofibers, deposited them on nickel foam (NF), and deployed them as active catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OERs), hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs), and overall water splitting. Our catalyst, the Fe-doped nickel cobalt phosphate nanofiber at 1.05 Fe atom% (Fe-1.05), exhibited a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (BET SA) of 57.0 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> and a Barrett−Joyner−Halenda (BJH) mesopore of 3.7 nm. Because of its large surface area and mesopore architecture, which facilitate ionic diffusion, NF-deposited Fe-1.05 (Fe-1.05@NF) exhibited exceptional OER (η = 234 mV @ 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and HER (<i>η</i> = 104 mV @ 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) performance. Overall water splitting analysis showed the lowest potentials of 1.59, 1.76, and 1.86 V at 10, 50, and 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. These results show the superior OER and HER performance of Fe-1.05@NF over that of the best-performing nickel cobalt phosphates and their Fe-dopped analogs in the literature. A stability test for overall water splitting for 100 h in a 1-M KOH electrolyte at a current density of 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> demonstrated remarkable durability. The enhanced electrochemical activity of Fe-1.05@NF can be attributed to the synergistic effect between the metal atoms and phosphate ligands, which facilitates favorable conditions for the adsorption and oxidation of electrolyte ions, enhanced electrical conductivity, and active site availability due to Fe (dopant) metal atoms, providing a nanostructured (nanofiber) morphology with high porosity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"41 11","pages":"3059 - 3073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing Radiological Emergency Response Through Agent-Based Model Case 2: Time Required for Staff Assemble","authors":"Geon Kim, Jinkyun Park, Gyunyoung Heo","doi":"10.1007/s11814-024-00228-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-024-00228-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As society becomes more complex, the importance of quick and effective emergency response systems gets more emphasized. This paper introduces a way to reduce the time it takes for emergency staff assembly to be handled during radioactive accidents, which is one of significant factors to manage early stage situations. Using a type of computer modeling called agent-based modeling (ABM) on the NetLogo software, we examine how emergency responses are carried out, focusing on how emergency staff assembly workers are sent out and how they work together in a simulated setting. By integrating traffic and path-finding models, along with real-world GIS (Geographic Information System) data, our methodology allows for more realistic evaluation of response times under various scenarios, including harsh weather conditions (e.g., Heavy snow) and infrastructural disruptions (e.g., Earthquake). The findings reveal significant variability in emergency staff assembly times, underscored by the impact of environmental factors. This research not only contributes to the understanding of emergency response mechanisms but also provides a practical framework for improving the efficacy of disaster management systems, thereby enhancing public safety and resilience against future radiological events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"41 10","pages":"2923 - 2936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing Radiological Emergency Response Through Agent-Based Model Case 1: Effectiveness of Staged Evacuation","authors":"Sungmin Han, Joonseok Lim, Minho Hwang, Gyunyoung Heo","doi":"10.1007/s11814-024-00232-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-024-00232-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the event of radiological emergencies, such as nuclear accidents, the speedy but well-ordering evacuation of residents is imperative to ensure their health and safety. Staged evacuation has been studied as a method to reduce evacuation time. However, a method is needed to confirm the effectiveness of staged evacuation and to optimize the strategy. This study evaluates the performance of staged evacuation with more realistic factors which are implementable in a simulation platform. The evacuation simulation was conducted using PRISM (Platform for Radiological Emergency Integrated Simulation Model), developed by Kyung Hee University and utilizing an Agent-Based Model. A city was modeled using GIS data for road networks, buildings, and administrative districts. The population distribution was made non-uniform based on building layout data, and evacuation areas were divided based on administrative districts for demonstrating purpose. The simulation varied the order of evacuation groups and the evacuation start time interval, comparing evacuation times and average speeds to evaluate each strategy. The results reached a few insights: (1) Certain staged evacuation strategies are effective in reducing evacuation times within the PAZ. (2) A staged evacuation strategy that prioritizes areas closest to the nuclear plant resulted in longer evacuation times compared to other evacuation sequences. (3) There is no significant relationship between evacuation time and evacuation speed. In other words, even if the evacuation times of strategies are similar, the evacuation speeds may differ. Since evacuation speed indicates road congestion, a strategy with a slightly longer evacuation time but a faster evacuation speed may be chosen depending on the objective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"41 10","pages":"2913 - 2922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyo Jae Kong, Hyeong Yong Song, Seung Hak Lee, Sumkun Lee, Gyungbok Kim, Nakyong Yun, Kyu Hyun
{"title":"Investigating the Foaming Process of a Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) Using Rheology and Image Analysis","authors":"Hyo Jae Kong, Hyeong Yong Song, Seung Hak Lee, Sumkun Lee, Gyungbok Kim, Nakyong Yun, Kyu Hyun","doi":"10.1007/s11814-024-00229-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-024-00229-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study introduced a method to simultaneously characterize time-resolved rheological and volumetric changes occurring during the foaming process of a thermoplastic elastomer containing an encapsulated physical blowing agent. For this, a conventional rotational rheometer was equipped with a commercial digital camera to capture video recordings. These video recordings were digitized into volumetric data using custom-written computer-vision-based algorithm. We first investigated rheological and volumetric changes during temperature ramp tests. The calculated cell volume fractions varied quantitatively depending on cell expansion and shrinkage. The viscoelastic moduli followed the characteristic behavior of the cell volume fraction. Furthermore, to analyze the volumetric changes under hypothetical processing conditions, a four-stage protocol comprising time sweep and temperature ramp was designed. The results revealed that the cell shrinkage induced by internal gas permeation at high temperatures was significantly greater than that induced by internal pressure reduction during cooling. Finally, comparison between foam densities computed using our algorithm and those measured using a densimeter revealed good agreement within 3% relative error. This demonstrates the applicability of our algorithm for quantitatively assessing volumetric changes of foam.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"41 11","pages":"3105 - 3116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wearable Sensors for Motion and Electrophysiological Signal Tracking in XR","authors":"Yuze Qiu, Xinxin He, Zhiyuan Li, Zhengchun Peng, Ya Huang, Xinge Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11814-024-00227-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-024-00227-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extended-reality (XR) technology is transforming digital interaction by blending virtual elements with the physical world via portable devices. Accurate body movement recognition and electrophysiological monitoring are crucial for immersive XR experiences. However, the bulky and complex design of current devices limits their adoption. Innovations in material science have led to the development of flexible wearable sensors that address these issues with their soft or even stretchable features, which allow the materials to conformal mount the skin and minimize motion interference, thus enhancing movement detection. This review paper discusses the significance of motion recognition and related electrophysiological signal monitoring for XR systems and highlights the benefits of flexible wearable sensors. We showcase the latest progress in these sensors and their prospective utility in capturing user movement and transmitting electrophysiological signals in XR, thereby enabling personalized experiences. Furthermore, we examine the current limitations, the primary challenges, and the prospective future developments of these novel flexible wearable sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nuclear Power to Mitigate Climate Change: Pathways to a Sustainable Future","authors":"Eunju Jun, Yeonjoo Cho, Keonhee Lee","doi":"10.1007/s11814-024-00223-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-024-00223-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the crucial role of nuclear power as a resilient and low-carbon electricity generation source, highlighting its essential contribution to diversifying energy sources away from fossil fuels. With the increasing urgency to mitigate climate change, nuclear power stands out not only for its high energy density and reliability but also for its ability to complement renewable energy sources, thus aiding in the global transition towards a sustainable energy future. This paper synthesizes recent research and global trends, demonstrating the expanding capacity of nuclear power under the lens of climate change mitigation, examining its role from three perspectives: as a low-carbon power supply, a means to enhance energy security and reliability, and its integration with renewable energy sources. The manuscript navigates through the commitments of various nations to net-zero targets, the rise of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and advanced reactor technologies, and their implications for safety, public acceptance, and policy formulation. Through a comprehensive review, this work underscores the potential of nuclear power in the energy mix to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, addresses the associated challenges, and outlines future research directions to overcome these hurdles. As the world gravitates towards a low-carbon future, nuclear energy emerges as a pivotal element in the quest for a sustainable and secure energy landscape, advocating for a nuanced understanding and strategic deployment of nuclear technology in harmony with renewable energy sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"41 10","pages":"2843 - 2849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Progress on Blue Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes from Materials to Device Engineering","authors":"Youngwoo Jeon, Hyungsuk Ryu, Hyunho Lee","doi":"10.1007/s11814-024-00226-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-024-00226-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum dots (QDs) are gaining widespread attention for their applications as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their ease of solution processing and high color purity. Furthermore, current QD light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) exhibit high electroluminescence performance and lifetime comparable to those of organic LEDs. However, some challenges remain in the commercialization of QLEDs for next-generation displays. One key issue is that blue QLEDs exhibit lower efficiency and lifetimes compared to red and green QLEDs, which is attributed to a deep valence band and wide bandgap. In this study, we discuss recent developments that aim to enhance the efficiency of blue QLEDs and explore the challenges that must be addressed for their commercialization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"41 13","pages":"3483 - 3500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}