Design Strategies and Performance Enhancement Techniques for LiFePO4-Based Li Metal Battery Systems

LiFePO₄ (LFP) batteries are a promising choice for electric vehicles and energy storage systems owing to their excellent long cycle life, thermal stability, and high energy density. Various strategies have been studied, including advancements in LFP active materials, electrolyte additives, current collectors, and binders. Despite the ongoing research, the practical fabrication of both LFP cathodes and lithium metal anodes (LMAs) remains challenging, limiting their industrial application. In addition to advancements in cathode materials, extensive research has been dedicated to lithium (Li) metal batteries to improve energy density. However, challenges associated with Li metal anodes, such as Li volume expansion and dendrite growth, often result in short circuits during Li plating/stripping processes. To address these issues, various strategies have been explored, including enhancing the lithiophilicity of Cu current collectors and utilizing 3D host structures. This review discusses the design and strategies for performance enhancement of various LFP electrodes and Li metal and, with emphasis on the development of materials and cell design.