Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry最新文献

{"title":"Irreversibility analysis in engine oil-based radiative bioconvective mono and hybrid nanofluid flow with activation energy","authors":"Fazal Haq,&nbsp;Mujeeb ur Rahman,&nbsp;Hassan Ali Ghazwani","doi":"10.1007/s10973-026-15425-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-026-15425-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Entropy generation (EG) is vital for understanding fluid flows as it quantifies the irreversibility of processes, indicating energy that cannot be used for work due to factors like friction and heat transfer. High EG can lead to energy losses and decreased efficiency, making it important for engineers and scientists to analyze and minimize these effects. By minimizing the EG, we can optimize the efficiency of fluid systems and enhance performance in engineering applications such as cooling systems and heat exchangers. The main theme of the present investigation is to investigate the irreversibility in bioconvective engine oil-based HNF flow under the influence of magnetic field. The effects of surface porosity and inertial forces are accounted through Darcy–Forchheimer principle. Energy equation is formulated considering dissipation, heat source, Dufour effects, Joule heating, and thermal radiation. Mass concentration relation is developed through the presumptions of activation kinetics, Soret features, and chemical reaction. The phenomenon of bioconvection generated due to the addition of gyrotactic microorganisms in engine oil is further accounted. The mechanisms of thermal and solutal convective edge restrictions are considered. The irreversibilities are formulated using the second thermodynamics law. The formulated dimensional governing equations are altered into system of ordinary equations and then treated through the NDSolve function of Mathematica. The consequences of diverse flow-regulating variables are examined. Physical quantities are investigated numerically. Additionally, a comparative study is presented for mono nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"151 7","pages":"5963 - 5976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sun load prediction in automotive projector headlamps: integrated numerical and experimental approach","authors":"Albinjeev S.S,&nbsp;Sangeet Dongare,&nbsp;Naveen G. Patil,&nbsp;Shailesh Kolhe,&nbsp;Sandeep Rane,&nbsp;Saleel Ismail","doi":"10.1007/s10973-026-15347-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-026-15347-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Automotive projector headlamps can experience intense local heating when incident sunlight is concentrated by the lens onto nearby polymer components, potentially causing discoloration, deformation, coating degradation, or material softening. Sun load analysis helps to prejudge and mitigate risk of such failures. Reliable prediction of solar-induced hot spots during the design stage remains limited in the open literature, where optical assumptions are often simplified and comprehensive thermal coupling is rarely validated against standardized automotive tests. To address these limitations, the present work evaluates solar loading using the worst-case irradiance levels of 971 and 1012 Wm⁻² under controlled relative humidity of 50–98% RH. A modeling framework is developed to predict hot spot temperatures under standardized solar loading and is experimentally validated. The irradiance and incident orientations identified through optical assessment are imposed in a coupled thermal model resolving solid conduction, buoyancy-driven natural convection, and radiative heat transfer using the surface photon Monte Carlo method. Experiments are conducted in a metal halide solar chamber, where a custom alignment fixture reproduces the numerically defined solar orientation, and thermocouples placed around the focal region record hot spot temperatures. The predicted hot spot temperature agrees with experiments within 6.39%, and the simulated hot spot location matches the observed focal region. This validated methodology provides a reliable tool for assessing polymer susceptibility to solar-induced thermal damage, enabling early design decisions, reducing dependence on iterative physical testing, and supporting optimization of lens geometry, material selection, and shielding strategies to mitigate overheating, ultimately improving headlamp quality and extending component lifespan. The details of the study are explained in graphical abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"151 7","pages":"6103 - 6118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning trash into thermal treasure: optimizing solar still performance with waste-derived Al–Sn films","authors":"Gurukarthik Babu Balachandran,&nbsp;Petchithai Vellaidurai,&nbsp;Indhuja Rajendran,&nbsp;Muthu Eshwaran Ramachandran","doi":"10.1007/s10973-026-15299-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-026-15299-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study addresses the critical need for sustainable freshwater solutions in water-scarce regions by enhancing solar desalination performance through the integration of waste-derived materials and advanced optimization techniques. Aluminum-Tin (Al-Sn) thin films were repurposed from discarded beverage cans to serve as super sensible heat storage (SHS) material within a conventional single-slope solar still (CSS). Two modified stills were developed: one integrated with Al-Sn films and thermocol insulation (PSS-I), and another with Al-Sn films and 3D-printed polypropylene insulation (PSS-II). These were experimentally tested against a standard CSS under identical climatic conditions. The optimal configuration identified through four machine learning optimization algorithms (GA, PSO, GWO, and MODE) utilized a 2 cm row-wise distance, 5 cm column-wise distance, and 18 Al-Sn plates. The PSS-II system achieved a maximum freshwater yield of 3.65 L day^-1, representing a 34% improvement over the conventional model, with corresponding energy and exergy efficiencies of 20.34 and 0.39%, respectively. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) demonstrated the best performance among the algorithms. The system exhibited a rapid payback period of 182 days, highlighting its economic feasibility. This research underscores the potential of repurposing industrial waste into high-performance thermal materials, offering a sustainable, cost-effective approach to decentralized freshwater production in arid and coastal regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"151 7","pages":"5835 - 5852"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal analysis and synergistic mechanisms of heat transfer performance in electrospray cooling systems","authors":"Yifan Liu,&nbsp;Junxing Hou,&nbsp;Yuqi Sun,&nbsp;Yihang Wang,&nbsp;LingYu Hu","doi":"10.1007/s10973-026-15401-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-026-15401-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a thermal analysis that employs the Taguchi orthogonal experimental method (<i>L</i>₂₅(5⁵) design) to identify key parameters in electrostatic spray cooling. A quadratic regression model via Box–Behnken design analyzes main effects and interactions. Multi-objective optimization using RSM optimizes charging voltage, flow rate, and mixing ratio to maximize critical heat flux (CHF) and minimize cooling non-uniformity (CNU). The results indicate that the control of spray pattern by charging voltage has a nonlinear impact on CHF (significantly increasing in later stages) and CNU (decreasing initially before rising). Increasing the working fluid flow rate and mixing ratio enhances the transport capacity and thermal properties of the working fluid, leading to an almost linear increase in CHF. However, this also results in a rise in surface temperature upon reaching CHF, consequently linearly increasing CNU. The interaction between working fluid flow rate and mixing ratio exhibits a highly significant synergistic enhancement effect on both CHF and CNU, while the interaction between charging voltage and mixing ratio shows a significant effect on suppressing CNU. The interaction effect between charging voltage and working fluid flow rate is not significant due to charge dilution effects. The optimal key parameter combination identified is a charging voltage of 8 kV, a working fluid flow rate of 30 mL h⁻¹, and a mixing ratio of 45%, yielding a CHF of 24.51 W cm⁻² (error 5.51%) and a CNU of 3.25 °C (error 4.97%). This research provides a calorimetry-based insight into the optimization of electrospray cooling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"151 7","pages":"6201 - 6215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsteady darcy hydromagnetic and unequally heated flow in a thermally radiated plates suspended sinusoidal wavy oscillatory conditions and ternary solid nanoparticles","authors":"G. Venkateshwarlu,&nbsp;G. Ravi Kiran,&nbsp;C. S. K. Raju,&nbsp;N. Lavanya","doi":"10.1007/s10973-026-15330-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-026-15330-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a numerical examination of unsteady flow and heat transfer of hydromagnetic Darcy media between plates with oscillatory thermal variations and suspended ternary nanoparticles (MWCNT + Fe₃O₄ + Au) by mixing into blood. Also considered the non-uniform heat source or sink and thermal radiation into account. The arising governing system is nonlinear partial differential system; it is transformed to ordinary system by considering the similar variables. The transformed governing equations are solved numerically using MATLAB’s bvp4c solver. The results are presented via three different kinds of oscillatory conditions and found that there are a lot of changes in different situations by varying parameters like magnetic field, porosity, squeezing parameter, thermal radiation, and non-uniform heat source or sink on velocity (tangential and azimuthal) and temperature as well as heat transfer rate at both the lower and upper plate. Also, the results are presented through 3D surface plots. It is found that the temperature ratio sets the thermal gradient for ratethe system, and thermal radiation adds to the total energy transfer, both of which are critical in controlling the heat transfer. A higher Darcy number reduces the resistance of the porous medium, allowing the fluid to move more easily. This increased flow contributes to a stronger heat transfer rate. The findings underscore the potential for precisely controlling heat transfer in these systems by carefully adjusting key parameters like magnetic field strength, squeezing rate, and porosity, facilitating progress in bio-mechanisms and other biological applications. This research provides significant insights into the performance enhancements enabled by oscillatory variations and trihybrid nanofluids, including improved thermal conductivity, facilitating progress in biological applications such as biomechanics, blood circulation, cancer therapy, and targeted drug delivery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"151 7","pages":"6119 - 6143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of probe geometry on DPL bioheat transfer for targeted hyperthermia","authors":"Tejaswini Kumari,&nbsp;S. K. S. Singh,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar,&nbsp;K. N. Rai","doi":"10.1007/s10973-026-15337-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-026-15337-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article aims to describe the effects of different probe shapes and various thermal physical properties of the tissue on the temperature distribution in tissues during hyperthermia. For this purpose, the dual-phase-lag (DPL) model is used to express the phenomena of heat transfer within the tissue in the existence of an external Gaussian distribution heating source term. This model is proselyte into an initial value problem of the system of ODEs by applying a finite-difference scheme and Runge–Kutta (4,5) method is considered to solve the system of ODEs for determining the temperature profile during the treatment. A comparison of the outcome has also been presented graphically with the exact solution to show the accuracy of the present method. The whole analysis is presented in non-dimensional form. The novelty of this research paper is that the formulated DPL model is used along with different geometries of probe shapes. These probe shapes are rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical . This study is beneficial in the field of medicine, especially for oncologists.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"151 7","pages":"5929 - 5944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis and entropy generation of bioconvection mixed non-darcian flow of Casson nanofluid experiencing thermal radiation over a stretching surface","authors":"Abdulazeez Sheriff,&nbsp;Muhammed M. Hamza,&nbsp;Bala Y. Isah,&nbsp;Halima Usman,&nbsp;Mojeed T. Akolade,&nbsp;Abbas Y. Balarabe,&nbsp;Ibrahim G. Usman","doi":"10.1007/s10973-026-15315-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-026-15315-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efficient thermal management and entropy minimization are critical in advanced engineering systems such as microfluidic cooling devices, energy conversion units, biomedical transport processes, and porous thermal reactors. In this study, the bioconvection mixed flow of a magnetohydrodynamic Casson nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a stretching surface embedded in a porous medium is analyzed. The aim is to improve heat and mass-transfer performance while reducing thermodynamic irreversibility. Involvement of motile microorganism in nanoliquid stabilizes and prevents agglomeration of nanoparticle suspension while nonlinear thermal radiation and density dynamics are as well investigated. Similarity transformations are used to convert the governing equations into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically solved using the Galerkin weighted residual method. Irreversibility is assessed using entropy generation and Bejan number formulations while the most significant physical parameters are determined via a 10% sensitivity analysis. The results reveal that magnetic fields suppress fluid motion, whereas higher porous permeability enhances momentum transport. Nonlinear thermal radiation significantly increases temperature and entropy generation. Brownian motion and thermophoresis strongly govern heat and mass transfer while Casson fluid and Darcy parameters dominate wall shear behavior. Sensitivity analysis confirms that nanoparticle diffusion and dissipative effects are the primary drivers of thermal transport. Moreover, findings from this practically provide guidelines for optimizing energy-efficient thermal systems involving non-Newtonian nanofluids, bioconvection, and porous structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"151 7","pages":"5767 - 5783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis of thermophysical and efficiency-based characteristics of ethanol-based Cu–Ni nanofluids filled copper heat pipes for flat-plate solar collector","authors":"Rahul Ranjan,&nbsp;Ashwani Kumar,&nbsp;Yatika Gori,&nbsp;Mukesh Kumar Awasthi,&nbsp;Arun Uniyal","doi":"10.1007/s10973-026-15396-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-026-15396-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improving the thermal efficiency of solar-powered water heating systems is essential for enhancing renewable energy utilization and reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. In this context, the use of nanofluid-filled heat pipes represents a promising and innovative approach to overcome the thermal limitations of conventional working fluids. This research investigates the potential enhancement of solar-powered water heating systems by applying nanofluid-filled heat pipes. A nanofluid is prepared by suspending copper and nickel nanoparticles (approximately 20 nm) in ethanol, and its thermophysical properties are measured as a function of temperature to improve thermal efficiency. The thermal performance of a 1000-mm-long copper heat pipe is compared between the prepared copper–nickel/ethanol nanofluid and pure acetone as working fluids under simulated daytime solar radiation. Both working fluids are tested under a filling ratio of 40% for a one-hour testing interval. The results of this study shows that the ethanol nanofluid gives the highest values of thermal efficiencies equal to 45.60–62.80%, which are about 4.52% less than those of acetone at the same experimental conditions. However, the ethanol nanofluid yields a slightly lower overall thermal resistance of 0.074 °C W⁻¹ than that of acetone, which is 0.076 °C W⁻¹. These results indicate that although acetone gives a maximum efficiency of 64.70%, while the efficiency of ethanol nanofluid reaches 58.20%, the latter may offer competitive thermal performance to be potentially advantageous for specific thermal management applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"151 7","pages":"6217 - 6230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of measuring metabolic heat in bioprocess monitoring","authors":"A Saravana Raj,&nbsp;S Leelaram,&nbsp;Sekar Sudharshan,&nbsp;Shanmugam Bhuvanesh Kumar,&nbsp;Dhandapani Balaji,&nbsp;NE Sivanesh,&nbsp;Sivaprakasam Senthilkumar,&nbsp;Rajendran Karthikeyan,&nbsp;SM Anusha,&nbsp;Mahadevan Surianarayanan","doi":"10.1007/s10973-026-15412-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-026-15412-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Calorimetry is an excellent process analytical tool that offers insights into thermal behaviour for material and product characterization. Since the middle of the 1980s, biocalorimetry has been a crucial component of bioprocess monitoring, building on its use in chemical reactions. Anaerobic, fermentative and aerobic bioprocesses have all been studied using isothermal and heat flux calorimetry. In recent decades, calorimetry has become essential for controlling experimental bioprocesses by recognizing metabolic heat as a universal parameter. Quantitative bioprocess engineering and optimization are based on calorimetry. For process improvement, it is crucial to establish a relationship between heat generation and important process variables including substrate consumption, growth rate, biomass and enzyme activity. This article portrays the case studies involved in metabolic heat monitoring for tannery soak liquor waste water degradation, biological dye degradation and during the production of protease, inulinase, penicillin G acylase and extracellular biopolymers. Biocalorimetry’s non-invasive, non-specific and optically independent nature makes it a versatile analytical technique. Notably, the distinctive heat profiles (unique fingerprints heat signatures) of different organisms can be exploited to optimize bioproduct production and reduce costs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"151 5","pages":"4209 - 4219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental comparison of solar chimney and energy tower systems for clean power generation","authors":"Mohammad Dalvand,&nbsp;Ramin Mehdipour,&nbsp;Zahra Baniamerian","doi":"10.1007/s10973-026-15424-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-026-15424-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing demand for clean and sustainable energy underscores the importance of developing innovative solar technologies for large-scale power generation. Among them, solar chimney systems and energy towers have emerged as promising solutions. This study presents a laboratory-scale experimental comparison of these two systems, focusing on airflow velocity, collector geometry, humidification rate, tower/chimney height, response time, and optimal turbine placement. The experiments were conducted using an indoor laboratory-scale test rig under fully controlled temperature, humidity, and simulated solar radiation conditions to ensure a reliable comparison of the two systems. The results indicate that the performance of the solar chimney is highly dependent on collector geometry; replacing a circular collector with a square one increased airflow velocity by up to 245% and enhanced kinetic energy at the base nearly 11-fold. Furthermore, a 233% increase in solar radiation in the square collector led to a 53.8% rise in airflow velocity, compared with only 28.6% for the circular collector. In contrast, the energy tower demonstrated the unique ability to operate at night, with its performance improving by 62.7% under solar radiation compared to nighttime conditions. Its efficiency was found to be governed more by the humidification rate than by tower height. Additionally, the energy tower exhibited a response time three times faster than the solar chimney, highlighting its superior adaptability to changing conditions. For both systems, the lower section of the tower/chimney was identified as the optimal turbine location, where airflow velocity was maximized. These findings provide an experimental foundation for the optimization of solar chimney and energy tower systems and offer practical insights into selecting the most suitable technology under diverse climatic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"151 7","pages":"6329 - 6342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10973-026-15424-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}