{"title":"A study of multiparameter synchronized inversion for nuclear power plants based on ant lion optimizer–double adaptive salp swarm algorithm","authors":"Shoubin Wang, Wenhao Sun, Jie Song, Baohua Cheng, Yuan Zhou, Xuanman Lv, Guili Peng","doi":"10.1007/s10973-025-14664-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-025-14664-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) is examined on a two-dimensional (2D) cross section of a horizontal pipe. The objective is to estimate the time-dependent fluid temperature near the inner wall of the pipe and determine the convective heat transfer coefficient between the inner wall and the fluid. In the field of industrial fluid transportation, temperature fluctuation occurs when hot and cold fluids are not sufficiently mixed in the pipeline, and a thermal delamination phenomenon forms. Temperature fluctuations can cause thermal delamination and thermal stripping, resulting in periodic variations in thermal stress that can ultimately lead to thermal fatigue in pipeline structures. To address this, this paper proposes an inversion algorithm utilizing the ant lion optimizer–dual adaptive salp swarm algorithm (ALO–DASSA). The accuracy of the inversion algorithm is verified by comparing with the experimental values of the outer wall temperature. The experimental results enrich the theoretical system in the field of nuclear pipeline safety monitoring and also provide a useful reference for practical engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"150 17","pages":"13733 - 13747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Bonatti, Scott Middlemas, Charles A. Hirst, Alexandra Navrotsky
{"title":"Smaller and faster: a review of conventional and nanocalorimetry techniques for determining thermophysical properties of nuclear materials","authors":"Laura Bonatti, Scott Middlemas, Charles A. Hirst, Alexandra Navrotsky","doi":"10.1007/s10973-025-14502-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-025-14502-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermal analysis of nuclear materials is critical for the advancement of nuclear technology. The heat effects associated with heat capacity, phase transformation, and radiation damage can be measured with conventional calorimeters. However, conventional calorimetric techniques are often restricted in terms of heating rate and sample mass, especially when studying the limited amounts of materials subject to extreme conditions. In this review, we summarize conventional calorimetric studies of critical thermophysical and thermochemical properties of pure actinide metals (U, Np, Am, Pu), fast reactor metallic fuel alloy systems (U–Zr, U–Pu–Zr, Pu–U, Pu–Zr), and actinide oxides that are primary constituents or transmutation products in light water reactor fuel rods (U–O, Np–O, Am–O, Pu–O, Pu–U–O). Adiabatic and drop calorimetry have been the primary techniques used for these studies, however the development of fast scanning calorimetry using micro-electro-mechanical-based systems allows determination of thermodynamic properties from smaller sample masses. We report recent investigations that leverage the fast heating rates of nanocalorimetry by itself or combined with other characterization techniques. We then discuss opportunities for nanocalorimetry to provide solutions to some of the technical challenges inherent in thermal analysis of nuclear materials, namely a reduction in sample activity, emulating heating transients, investigation of phase evolution in irradiated samples, and characterization of radiation damage evolution. Nanocalorimetry has the potential to significantly advance the understanding of thermophysical properties in nuclear materials and thus accelerate the development of nuclear technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"150 18","pages":"13871 - 13896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machine learning models for high-accuracy energy and exergy prediction of low-GWP R134a/R1234yf blends","authors":"Ragıp Yıldırım","doi":"10.1007/s10973-025-14547-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-025-14547-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A mathematical model of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle for different operating conditions (different evaporator and condenser temperatures, different superheat and supercooling temperatures) is established in the present study. Instead of R134a, mixtures of R134a and R1234yf with lower global warming potential values are evaluated as the working fluid in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The energy and exergy performances of these refrigerant mixtures were estimated by machine learning algorithms. Seven different machine learning algorithms have been used. These are support vector regression, random forest, extreme gradient boosting regressor (XGBR), CatBoost, light gradient boosting machine, adaptive boosting, and decision tree. The XGBR algorithm provided higher accuracy in the energy efficiency results of both refrigerants, with the best performance of the CatBoost algorithm in terms of exergy efficiency. For the blend of R134a/R1234yf (10/90), taking the evaporator temperatures as − 25 °C, − 20 °C, − 15 °C, − 10 °C, − 5 °C, and 0 °C, the condenser temperature as 35 °C and both superheating and subcooling temperatures as 7 °C, COP values vary between 2.6723 and 5.7909 and <span>({upeta }_{text{II}})</span> vary between 0.6461 and 0.7420. At the same operating conditions, the COP values for the R134a/R1234yf (15/85) blend vary between 2.6731 and 5.7861, and the second law efficiencies <span>({upeta }_{text{II}})</span> vary between 0.6463 and 0.7414. The R<sup>2</sup> values obtained as the result of the comparison of the actual and predicted values in the energy and exergy analyses for the R134a/R1234yf (10/90) mixture have been found as 0.9887 (energy efficiency) and 0.9810 (exergy efficiency), respectively. For the R134a/R1234yf (15/85) blend, R<sup>2</sup> values were 0.9881 (energy efficiency) and 0.9819 (exergy efficiency), respectively. This shows that machine learning algorithms can predict both energy and exergy analyses of R134a/R1234yf blend with high accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"150 18","pages":"14663 - 14672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal and combustion characteristics of vent gases from lithium-ion battery thermal runaway: a comprehensive review","authors":"Mostafa M. E. H. Ali, Maryam Ghodrat","doi":"10.1007/s10973-025-14616-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-025-14616-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermal runaway (TR) in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) poses a major safety threat, primarily due to the release of flammable vent gases capable of ignition or explosion. While previous research has extensively reviewed TR mechanisms and general battery failure modes, the combustion behavior of these vented gases remains underexplored. This review addresses this critical gap by analyzing how selected factors—such as battery capacity, state of charge, battery chemistry, cell arrangement, safety vent design, and environmental conditions—influence various aspects of LIB vent gas behavior, including combustion stages, combustion metrics (e.g., heat release, temperature profiles, ignition delay, and laminar burning velocity), flammability, and explosion risks. Each parameter is discussed in the context of its reported effects, based on the depth and availability of existing literature. We also assess the accuracy and applicability of existing reaction kinetics models used to simulate vent gas combustion. Our findings reveal the highly parameter-sensitive nature of LIB fire behavior and provide actionable insights to improve fire prevention strategies, support safety regulations, and inform the development of safer battery technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"150 18","pages":"13925 - 13952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10973-025-14616-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangqing Meng, Fukun Ma, Junfeng Han, Qingyong Pang, Minghang Cai, Li Wang
{"title":"Enhancement of the heat storage performance of boron nitride nanosheets for sodium sulfate decahydrate","authors":"Xiangqing Meng, Fukun Ma, Junfeng Han, Qingyong Pang, Minghang Cai, Li Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10973-025-14591-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-025-14591-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sodium sulfate decahydrate (SSD, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>·10H<sub>2</sub>O) possesses high latent heat and an ideal phase transition temperature, making it an excellent candidate for thermal energy storage applications. However, issues such as supercooling and phase separation hinder its practical use. This study employs boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) to composite with Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>·10H<sub>2</sub>O, yielding a high-performance Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>·10H<sub>2</sub>O/BNNS phase change composite material. The results indicate that Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>·10H<sub>2</sub>O undergoes heterogeneous nucleation on the BNNS surface, effectively suppressing supercooling and phase separation. Additionally, the presence of BNNS enhances the thermal conductivity of the composite material. DSC analysis reveals that the composite material with 2 mass/% BNNS has a latent heat of fusion of 214.39 J g<sup>−1</sup>. The thermal conductivity of the Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>·10H<sub>2</sub>O/BNNS composite reaches up to 2.172 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>, which is 5.67 times that of pure Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>·10H<sub>2</sub>O, and the degree of supercooling is reduced by over 20 °C. Furthermore, the Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>·10H<sub>2</sub>O/BNNS composite material demonstrates excellent cyclic stability, maintaining stable thermal performance after 80 cycles. This study broadens the application prospects of BNNS and other two-dimensional nanomaterials in the field of phase change energy storage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"150 18","pages":"13999 - 14008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhongli Ye, Hui Liang, Qian Gu, Guohua Cai, Yan Lin, Mingliang Su, Kunyan Chen, Zechun Liu, Wei Xie, Qiaoling Li
{"title":"Effects of fiber materials and additives on the quality stability and thermal decomposition of cigarette paper: a DTG analysis study","authors":"Zhongli Ye, Hui Liang, Qian Gu, Guohua Cai, Yan Lin, Mingliang Su, Kunyan Chen, Zechun Liu, Wei Xie, Qiaoling Li","doi":"10.1007/s10973-025-14595-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-025-14595-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The quality of cigarette paper, crucial for determining its pyrolysis and combustion characteristics, directly influences the cigarette combustion process. Fiber raw materials, forming the basis of cigarette paper, and additives, acting as combustion catalysts, significantly impact these properties. This investigation employed derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) with normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE<i>)</i> to establish quantitative stability metrics for cigarette paper. By comparing the DTG curves of cigarette papers from Factory A and Factory B, we evaluated the effects of interactions between fiber materials and additives on the paper’s quality stability. The findings revealed that the specific fiber materials and optimized additive content used by Factory A enabled the fiber materials ratio and additive content to vary over a broad range while maintaining a stable DTG curve. This stability effectively mitigated the risk of DTG curve fluctuations due to uneven mixing of raw materials and additives during production. Consequently, the DTG curve serves as a valuable metric for cigarette paper design, aiding in the optimization of fiber-additive combinations. This innovative approach offers significant potential for improving the quality and consistency of cigarette paper in the future product designs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"150 18","pages":"14159 - 14167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandro Neves de Assis, David Allan Pinheiro do Nascimento, Hoffman Xavier Gouveia Monteiro
{"title":"Experimental study of the burning pattern in a fire","authors":"Leandro Neves de Assis, David Allan Pinheiro do Nascimento, Hoffman Xavier Gouveia Monteiro","doi":"10.1007/s10973-025-14608-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-025-14608-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study proposed an experimental analysis of the burning pattern in a combustion engine vehicle. Fire investigation is based on the analysis of burning patterns resulting from fire behavior. However, up to now, no experimental work carried out in Brazil has sought to prove the repeatability of fire patterns used to investigate vehicle fire scenes. Therefore, the objectives of this research included causing a fire in a motor vehicle to reproduce the burning patterns, evaluating relevant parameters for data collection, observing the development of burn marks through thermal readings at points related to these predicted marks and, finally, measuring the heat flow to which firefighters are exposed during a vehicle fire. Initially, it was expected that the fire would develop in a way that would provide burn marks related to the area of origin, according to the Manual de Perícia em Incêndios e Explosões: II Conhecimentos Específicos as reported (CBMDF Manual de perícia em incêndios e explosões: conhecimentos específicos Diretoria de Investigação de Incêndio—Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Distrito Federal Brasília, 2019). However, an unexpected dynamic was observed and, consequently, atypical burning patterns. It was evident that the development of a vehicle fire depends on some parameters that have not yet been considered in the aforementioned manual, such as the geometry of the fire panel and the direction and intensity of the wind.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"150 18","pages":"14241 - 14251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel investigation on thermal performance and start-up of pulsating heat pipe at microgravity","authors":"Prem Shanker Yadav, Raghvendra Gautam, Suraj Bhan, Hakan Caliskan","doi":"10.1007/s10973-025-14539-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-025-14539-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) have drawn substantial attention due to their intricate thermo-hydrodynamic properties and versatility in heat transfer applications, especially in gravity-free or unfavorable orientations. The current study focuses on improving the heat transfer efficiency and start-up characteristics of two-phase flow in PHPs with minimal heat input. A single-turn PHP utilizing nanofluids of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/CNT was numerically analyzed under various orientations (30°, 45°, 60°) and gravitational conditions (9.8 ms<sup>−2</sup> and 5.5 ms<sup>−2</sup>). The results indicated that: (i) the maximum heat transfer efficiency was achieved at an inclination angle of 45° under both earth’s gravity and microgravity conditions; (ii) the condenser dry-out occurred at an inclination angle of 30° across all heat inputs in microgravity, while evaporator dry-out was observed at 30° and 60° under Earth’s gravity with an evaporator temperature of 115 K; (iii) the minimal start-up was achieved at a 60° inclination angle of with an evaporator temperature of 125 K, under both Earth’s gravity and microgravity conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"150 18","pages":"14615 - 14632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei-Mon Yan, Jiun-Ju Chou, Chun-Han Li, Han-Taw Chen, Saman Rashidi
{"title":"Experimental and numerical studies on effects of fin geometry and arrangement on natural convection heat transfer","authors":"Wei-Mon Yan, Jiun-Ju Chou, Chun-Han Li, Han-Taw Chen, Saman Rashidi","doi":"10.1007/s10973-025-14580-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-025-14580-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores a natural convection model in a cavity placed horizontally with fins. The traditional continuous fin geometry is replaced by a staggered type. The effects of fin height, spacing, thickness, and arrangement are investigated. Firstly, the inverse method is used to estimate the actual heat transfer rate in the experiment and discuss the turbulence model suitable for the experimental model. After that, the direct method is used to study the impact of different geometric parameters and arrangements on the natural convection heat transfer of the staggered fins placed horizontally in the cavity. The built-in function is used to obtain the temperature field and velocity field and then calculate the average Nusselt number and equivalent thermal resistance for comprehensive analysis. The inverse solutions show that the RNG k-ε model is the most suitable among the three turbulence models. The direct solution results show that increasing the fin height reduces the average Nusselt number, but expands the heat transfer area and improves the thermal performance. In addition, increasing the fin spacing enhances the natural convection effect between fin channels, thus improving thermal performance. Although expanding the fin thickness can increase the heat dissipation effect, it is not as significant as increasing the fin height. Finally, the staggered fin arrangement can promote fluid convection and reduce the thickness of the thermal boundary layer, thereby improving thermal performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"150 18","pages":"14135 - 14157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Taylor wavelet technique to analyze heat and mass transfer with second law consideration in a magnetized channel flow of Eyring–Powell fluid using Buongiorno model","authors":"R. Lakshmi, B. J. Gireesha, P. Venkatesh","doi":"10.1007/s10973-025-14383-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10973-025-14383-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This groundbreaking study divulges the mass and heat transfer behaviors of Eyring–Powell fluid flow in a nanofluid through a channel under the influence of a magnetic field. Buongiorno model is used to consider thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects on nanoparticle distribution, and the second law of thermodynamics is taken into account to examine the system’s irreversibility. The system of equations is reduced effectively to a system of ordinary differential equations and then the reduced equations are solved by applying the new mathematical approach, Taylor wavelet method. Thus, the obtained solutions are used to plot the graphs. The analysis indicates that for different values of Reynolds number, the velocity increases at the lower plate and decreases at the upper plate. In addition, rising the Eyring–Powell fluid parameter results in a decrease in entropy production and an increase in the Bejan number, which reflects increased system efficiency. In a variety of engineering applications, these findings provide insightful information for enhancing the effectiveness of fluid flow and thermal systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","volume":"150 18","pages":"14219 - 14240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}