Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of CsPbI3 incorporation on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of mixed-halide perovskite solar cells","authors":"Ali Mujtaba,&nbsp;M. I. Khan,&nbsp;Mayra Mushtaq,&nbsp;Badriah S. Almutairi,&nbsp;Safa Ezzine","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06782-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06782-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a novel approach to enhancing the performance of CsPbIBr₂ perovskite solar cells by incorporating 10% CsPbI₃ via spray coating. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the α-cubic crystal structure, with improved crystallinity and increased crystallite size from 33.4 nm (pure) to 39.9 nm (modified), reducing dislocation line density (8.97 × 10¹⁴ to 6.28 × 10¹⁴ m⁻²). Optical analysis shows a bandgap reduction from 2.13 eV to 2.04 eV, enhancing light absorption and charge transport. Dielectric properties also improve, with the real dielectric constant increasing from 11.74 to 11.93. The modified perovskite film exhibits stronger PL intensity than the pure film, indicating reduced non-radiative recombination. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicates a significant reduction in charge transfer resistance (R_ct) from 103.27 Ω to 29.61 Ω, with increased recombination resistance (R_rec) from 5597.13 Ω to 5877.44 Ω, leading to superior charge transport. The modified perovskite solar cell exhibits superior performance, achieving an increased short-circuit current density (10.73 to 12.92 mA/cm²) and power conversion efficiency (10.48% to 12.91%) as confirmed by current density voltage (JV) measurement. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals reduced charge transfer resistance, improving electron mobility and suppressing recombination. These advancements highlight the potential of modified perovskites in high-efficiency photovoltaics.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>With the incorporation of CsPbI₃, the modified perovskite-based device showed the PCE upto 12.91%.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"73 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailored bioactive glass coating on titanium implants to elevate bioactivity and longevity","authors":"Saranya Kannan,&nbsp;Pugalmani Sivashanmugam,&nbsp;Chitra Shivalingam,&nbsp;Palvannan Thayumanavan","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06780-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06780-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Osteopenia is a prevailing bone disorder characterized by lower-than-normal bone density that escalates the risk of fracture. Titanium and its alloys are cornerstone materials valued for their excellent mechanical and biological compatibility. The bio-inertness of titanium stops its integration with the bone. This incompetency curbs its congruence with the bone which can be rectified with surface modification. This study focuses on crafting titanium with europium-doped bioglass to enhance its biological functionality. The intercalated doped ions in the bioglass can boost bone formation and integration with the implant. The europium-doped bioglass was evenly coated on the titanium surface (EB-Ti). The functional groups of EB-Ti confirmed that the surface was modified with moieties of europium-doped bioglass coating. The crystalline nature of the EB-Ti was contributed by combeite, sodium calcium silicate, whitelock and wollastonite phases. The europium-doped bioglass coating acts as a passive layer on the titanium substrate thereby influencing the depletion rate. The progression of biomineral accumulation on the EB-Ti surface confirmed their bioactivity. The filopodial extensions and flattenings of the MG63 cells on the EB-Ti clearly indicated cell adhesion on the implant surface.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"63 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the impact of Sn doping on the structural and optical features of ZnWO4; probing the catalytic efficiency in improving NaBH4 hydrolysis","authors":"Zein K. Heiba,&nbsp;M. M. Ghannam,&nbsp;Noura M. Farag,&nbsp;Ali Badawi,&nbsp;Mohamed Bakr Mohamed","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06784-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06784-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>ZnW_1-xSn_xO₄ samples were fabricated through the hydrothermal method. The X-ray diffraction data were evaluated and the variations in the structural parameters due to Sn-doping were analyzed using the Rietveld refinement approach. Upon the incorporation of Sn, the analysis revealed augmented distortions in both Zn- and W-octahedra; the zinc octahedra exhibited a more symmetric arrangement and a larger volume of 12.0 ų, whereas the tungsten octahedra demonstrated a reduced volume of 9.297 ų along with a large degree of distortion. The assessment of the obtained Raman data supported the distortion in the WO₆ octahedra due to Sn-doping, as evidenced by the shifting and splitting of vibrational modes. The chemical composition and oxidation states of the constituent elements were examined employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The bandgap energies were determined to be 3.93, 3.99, 3.93, 3.92, and 3.86 eV for Sn content of <i>x</i> = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.1, respectively. The photoluminescence intensity was nearly entirely reduced as a result of doping, providing an ideal charge separation beneficial for photocatalytic enhancement. Nano ZnW_1-xSn_xO₄ samples are considered efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation by the application of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). ZnWO₄ exhibited the highest production rate of 329 mL min⁻¹g⁻¹ at room temperature.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1169 - 1179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocatalytic activity of cerium oxide and a composite of cerium oxide with polyaniline (CeO2@PANI) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER)","authors":"Iqra Bibi,&nbsp;Samira Elaissi,&nbsp;Tahani Rahil Aldhafeeri,&nbsp;Syed Kashif Ali,&nbsp;Abhinav Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06781-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06781-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrochemical water splitting is an effective strategy that can be utilized to obtain energy from sustainable sources. Still, the substantial overpotential necessary for sluggish OER (oxygen evolution reaction) hinders extensive application. Herein, we synthesized CeO₂@PANI hybrid as an electrocatalyst for OER via the hydrothermal procedure. The synthesized electrocatalyst exhibited superior OER efficacy than pure CeO₂. The CeO₂@PANI hybrid was thoroughly studied using several analytical techniques including SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) and XRD (X-ray diffraction). These studies show that hybrid material has good crystallinity, particle like morphology and cubic framework, with a significant surface area. The electrocatalytic efficacy of the CeO₂@PANI hybrid was assessed in a basic solution (1.00 M KOH), demonstrating a reduced overpotential (η) of 226 mV, a Tafel value (36 mV/dec) at a current density (j) of 10 mA/cm² and a minimal charge transfer resistance (R_ct) of 0.8 Ω. The composite also displayed 30 hours of durability as evaluated by CA (chronoamperometry). The produced hybrid’s high catalytic efficiency can be associated with CeO₂ dispersed on the surface of PANI, which enhances electronic conduction. The hybrid of CeO₂ and PANI outcomes in higher surface area, more active regions, less resistivity along with exceptional durability that contribute to the increased efficiency for OER procedure.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"52 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sol-gel synthesis of lithium-holmium co-doped cobalt ferrite integrated on carbon nanotubes for enhanced photodegradation efficacy","authors":"Umaira Rafiq,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Fallatah,&nbsp;A. Alhadhrami,&nbsp;Abdulraheem SA Almalki,&nbsp;Imran Shakir,&nbsp;Muhammad Farooq Warsi","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06771-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06771-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rapid industrialization, over-population and urbanization lead to pollution, mainly water pollution. Semiconductor photocatalysis is one of the most versatile physio-chemical techniques to get rid of organic based impurities present in water. Among several types of transition metal oxides, the cobalt ferrite and its derivatives serve as photocatalyst for water remediation, however they lack efficiency due to unfavorable bandgap and surface area. To overcome this issue, doping of cobalt ferrites with alkali metal (Li) as well as with rare earth metal (Ho) is performed, which in turn tuned the optical bandgap. The optimized optical bandgap by dual metal ions doping philosophy, the cobalt ferrite yielded the enhanced the photocatalytic efficacy. Undoped and Li-Ho-co-doped cobalt ferrite (LCHFO) was synthesized via sol-gel route. To further strengthen the photodegradation performance, sol-gel synthesized co-doped cobalt ferrite particles were integrated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The carbon nanotubes played two roles for increased photocatalysis efficiency. First, they enhanced capturing ability of the photogenerated electrons. Secondly, the CNTs enhanced the surface area and number of active sites for the adsorption of organic pollutant molecules. LCHFO@CNTs showed remarkable photodegradation of 94.12%, 86.6%, and 92.48% for diclofenac, rhodamine-B, and congo red, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"30 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles through the use of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and the study of its physicochemical properties at different calcination temperatures","authors":"I. J. Gonzalez-Chan,&nbsp;M. A. Rosado-Mendoza,&nbsp;M. Perez-Palma,&nbsp;J. Gamboa-Sosa,&nbsp;C. Quej-Aké","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06775-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06775-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The following research used a sour orange extract consisting of its peel and juice to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles. In a complementary way, the variation of the physicochemical properties of ZnO was studied when subjecting it to calcination processes at different temperatures. It was determined that the sour orange extract modifies zinc acetate, used as a reagent, to form a complex with hydroxide compounds. By subjecting the sample to 200 °C calcination, a compositional and structural combination between zinc acetate and zinc hydroxide is obtained. It was determined that 300 °C is the transition temperature to eliminate the acetate-hydroxide complex and the organic compounds and thereby obtain highly crystalline ZnO. The rise in temperature modifies the morphology of the samples, going from circular spheres to prismatic crystals, it also promotes an increase in the bandgap energy from 2.9 to 3.1 eV and elevates the Zn/O ratio from 0.55 to 0.92.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"429 - 441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of Zn0.8Co0.2Fe₂O₄ ferrite nanoparticles: Magnetic and structural insights","authors":"Hero S. Ahmed,&nbsp;Sarkawt A. Hussen,&nbsp;Ali M. Mohammad","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06779-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06779-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temperature variations highly influence the structural, cation redistribution and magnetic characteristics of Zn_0.8Co_0.2Fe₂O₄ spinel ferrite during the synthesis. However, the temperature-dependent properties of Zn_0.8Co_0.2Fe₂O₄ were not sufficiently explored. Understanding the influence of temperature on cation distribution, crystallite size, and magnetic properties is crucial to optimize the material’s performance in many technological uses. This study explores the temperature-dependent characteristic of Zn_0.8Co_0.2Fe₂O₄ ferrite to enhance its suitability for electronic and magnetic device applications. The sol-gel auto-combustion method was utilized for synthesizing Zn_0.8Co_0.2Fe₂O₄ nano-ferrites, and then the temperature dependence of the structural property, cation distribution and magnetic behavior were explored. The X-ray patterns revealed that the crystallite size and lattice parameters increased by razing calcination temperature. The calculated crystallite sizes ranged from 23.78 nm to 38.02 nm, confirming the crystalline structure in the nm ranges of the prepared ferrite materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides the formation of a cubic spinel structure with high-frequency (υ₁) ranges between 534.3 and 549.61 cm⁻¹ and low-frequency bands (υ₂) appearing between 348.8 and 389.53 cm⁻¹. These frequency bands appeared due to the stretching vibration of metal-oxygen ions at both A-sites and B-sites. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that all calcined samples have almost spherical shapes with a high degree of agglomeration. Using a Vibration Sample Magnetometer, the magnetic property showed that the synthesized nano-ferrites have soft magnetization at ambient temperature. The magnetic saturation values decreased with calcination temperature starting at 18.225 emu/g to 7.702 emu/g from 400 °C to 600 °C, respectively. The magnetic moment reduced from 0.782 to 0.3306 with increasing calcination temperature due to particle growth at higher temperatures, leading to cation distribution between A and B sites and weakening of superexchange coupling.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"17 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of litmus-based pH sensor films for real-time monitoring in 3D printed microreactor channels","authors":"Elizabeta Forjan,&nbsp;Marijan-Pere Marković,&nbsp;Petar Kassal,&nbsp;Domagoj Vrsaljko","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06777-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06777-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to develop and characterize pH sensor films prepared by immobilizing a litmus indicator in a silane matrix coated within microreactor channels. The microreactors were fabricated using fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology with polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) filament. A sol-gel method was employed to produce thin pH sensor films, using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) as precursors, with the litmus indicator incorporated into the silane matrix. To evaluate the performance of the pH sensor films, RGB analysis software was utilized to detect color changes when the system was exposed to acidic and basic solutions. Characterization techniques also included contact angle measurements with water and diiodomethane, as well as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). After the comprehensive analysis of the pH sensor films on the test plates, the sensor films that exhibited the most significant color changes were applied to the microreactor channels. Both on test plates and in microreactor channels, the pH sensor films responded to the changes in pH with observable color shifts within a few seconds. These reusable pH-sensitive films within microreactor channels exhibit rapid response time of less than 5 s, making them ideal for real-time monitoring in smart sensor applications, including Industry 4.0 and Internet-of-Things-based (IoT) sensor networks.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular self-alignment on InO/Ag composite film with unidirectional solution coating process","authors":"Bo-Kyeong Choi,&nbsp;Dong Wook Lee,&nbsp;Dae-Shik Seo","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06770-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06770-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Uniform alignment of liquid crystals (LCs) on indium oxide/silver (InO/Ag) composite films is introduced in this work. The films were prepared by a solution-processing method via brush coating, and the Ag concentrations were adjusted to 0, 10, and 20 wt%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of the InO/Ag composite films. Then, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to reveal the amorphous and anisotropic surface structure generated by the movement of the brush hairs during solution coating. This anisotropic surface induced uniform orientation of the LCs. The LC alignment states were also confirmed by polarized optical microscopy measurements. The InO/Ag composite films exhibited appropriate optical transmittance for the LC electronic device application. Moreover, LC cells manufactured using the InO/Ag composite films demonstrated improved LC polar anchoring energy, which is a critical parameter related to image stability. The cells also demonstrated reduced residual charge, which is related to the image sticking phenomenon. Consequently, we anticipate that the proposed InO/Ag composite films can serve as useful alternative LC alignment layers in LC electronic devices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 3","pages":"1109 - 1116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of high performance electrocatalyst material for OER by hydrothermal method based on CoSnO3/rGO composite","authors":"Areesha Khan,&nbsp;Soumaya Gouadria,&nbsp;Subhash Chandra,&nbsp;Jayanti Makasana,&nbsp;Suhas Ballal,&nbsp;T. Krithiga,&nbsp;Piyus Kumar Pathak,&nbsp;Rahul Raj Chaudhary,&nbsp;VL Mishra,&nbsp;Abhinav Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06733-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06733-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of advanced electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for improving effectiveness of electrocatalytic water splitting (EWS). Perovskite-type oxides acquired attention for their outstanding electrocatalytic capabilities in OER performance. This research involved the preparation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based perovskite CoSnO₃ material via basic hydrothermal technique to improve OER efficiency. The produced composite was tested by multiple analytical methods to evaluate its structural, surface area and compositional properties. CoSnO₃/rGO catalyst demonstrated a remarkable overpotential (η) of 209 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², along with Tafel slope (36 mV dec⁻¹), showcasing enhanced OER performance. Electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of CoSnO₃/rGO catalyst was obtained to be 642.5 cm², with enhanced cyclic durability of 35 h and least charge transfer resistance (R_ct) of 0.88 Ω. The outcomes indicated that incorporating rGO resulted in an increased surface area (SA), which enhanced conductivity and significantly improved the OER activity of the catalysts. The noteworthy electrochemical characteristics of CoSnO₃/rGO composite render it a superior material for applications in electrical and various other domains in the future.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 3","pages":"1082 - 1094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}