Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis and comparison of different metal-doped ZnO nanoparticles for catalytic degradation and adsorptive removal of direct orange: kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics","authors":"Anam Batool,&nbsp;Ruba Munir,&nbsp;Nageen Mushtaq,&nbsp;Saima Noreen","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06490-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06490-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Commercial dyes from industrial sector contribute significantly to environmental contamination. This research work focuses on the elimination of synthetic anionic dye through batch investigation employing adsorption technique. Chemical Sol–gel synthesis approach was employed to synthesize the adsorbents. The novelty of this work involves the utilization of the following chemicals Ni(NO₃)₂, Cu(NO₃)₂, Fe(NO₃)₃, and Co(NO₃)₂ used as reducing metals to prepare metal-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Co/ZnO, Ni/ZnO, Fe/ZnO, and Cu/ZnO). The synthesized metal-doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by using FTIR, BET, SEM and XRD, zeta potential analysis. The optimum pH for direct orange (RDO) dye was detected in an acidic range which was 7 for Co/ZnO (87.40 mg/g), 3 for Ni/ZnO (83.13 mg/g), 5 for Fe/ZnO (79.31 mg/g), and 5 for Cu/ZnO (69.41 mg/g). The optimum dosage for all nanoparticle was found 0.05 g/50 mL and showed best adsorption for Co/ZnO 86.78 mg/g, Ni/ZnO 78.54 mg/g, Fe/ZnO 70/mg/g, and Cu/ZnO 59.64 mg/g. The initial concentration of dye from 25 to 250 mg/L was determined to be optimal for the maximum remediation of anionic dye using several adsorbents. The best removal was achieved at 100 ppm by Co/ZnO (84.61 mg/g) and (Ni/ZnO), while Fe/ZnO (72.51 mg/g), and Cu/ZnO (68.65 mgg/g) achieved maximum adsorption capacity at 150 ppm. The highest adsorption capacity was found by Co/ZnO (90.31 mg/g) at 43 min, Ni/ZnO (81.31 mg/g) at 49 min, Fe/ZnO (78.75 mg/g) at 75 min, and by Cu/ZnO (71.75 mg/g) at 90 min with optimal temperature at 37 °C. A decrease in temperature resulted in decline of adsorption capacity of the adsorbents. It demonstrated the release of heat in the complex during the adsorptive removal of negatively charged RDO dye molecules. The Langmuir adsorption isotherms revealed the highest correlation with the equilibrium data, while the pseudo 2nd order model demonstrated an acceptable fit with the adsorption kinetic data. Various thermodynamic factors like enthalpy free energy and entropy were investigated.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 1","pages":"240 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, morphological, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties of Cr doped ZnAl2O4","authors":"K. Kiran Kumar,&nbsp;T. Suresh Kumar,&nbsp;B. Ravinder Reddy,&nbsp;Ch. Shilpa Chakra,&nbsp;K. Praveena,&nbsp;S. Katlakunta","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06466-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06466-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ZnAl_2-<i>x</i>Cr_<i>x</i>O₄ (<i>x</i> = 0.0–0.1) ceramics were synthesized using microwave-hydrothermal method. The as synthesized powders were sintered at 1250 °C/4 h. All samples exhibit a cubic crystal structure and belong to Fd-3m space group. The lattice constant (<i>a</i>) increased from 8.085 Å (<i>x</i> = 0.0) to 8.128 Å (<i>x</i> = 0.04) and decreased for higher concentrations. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) show tetrahedral and octahedral absorption bands in the region, 400 - 480 cm⁻¹ and 480 – 682 cm⁻¹, respectively. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the valence states of Zn, Al, Cr, and O. The UV-vis spectra reveal a red shift with Cr³⁺ doping, reducing the bandgap energy (<i>E</i>_<i>g</i>) from 3.66 eV (<i>x</i> = 0.02) to 3.39 eV (<i>x</i> = 0.10). The electrochemical performance of the present samples was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GDC). The sample <i>x</i> = 0.10 exhibits high specific capacity of 143.671 F/g at a scan rate 5 mV/s. Therefore, the present samples may be useful for energy storage devices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>The tauc plots for <i>x</i> = 0.0–0.10 samples. The UV-vis spectra reveal a red shift with Cr³⁺ doping, reducing the bandgap energy (<i>E</i>_<i>g</i>) from 3.66 eV (<i>x</i> = 0.02) to 3.39 eV (<i>x</i> = 0.10).</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"794 - 805"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141739744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fuel type and synthesis temperature on magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 nanomaterials synthesized by sol-gel method","authors":"Ekaterina Bayan,&nbsp;Maria Mokliak,&nbsp;Yury Rusalev,&nbsp;Mikhail Tolstunov","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06489-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06489-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>ZnFe₂O₄ nanomaterials were synthesized using the sol-gel method with different fuels: citric acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid and glucose monohydrate. The effects of organic fuel type and calcination temperature on the magnetic properties of zinc ferrite were studied. X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the process of zinc ferrite formation during the calcination of intermediate gel products, as well as to analyze the crystal structure and samples morphology. The formation of hematite and wurtzite secondary phases was confirmed for some materials, and the influence of heat treatment conditions on impurity formation was discussed. The particle size of zinc ferrite was 11–39 nm depending on the calcination temperature and selected fuel. According to data obtained using a vibrating sample magnetometer, the ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles exhibited ferrimagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization values of 1.92–15.61 emu/g. Changing the fuel type and the calcination temperature makes it possible to obtain ZnFe₂O₄ nanomaterials with specific magnetic properties.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"783 - 793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141739902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations on structural, dielectric and multiferroic properties of Bi2FeNiO6 double perovskite synthesized using sol-gel modified combustion technique","authors":"Rahul Kumar Sahu,&nbsp;Oroosa Subohi","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06486-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06486-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reports the structural, dielectric, electrical, and multiferroic properties of Bi₂FeNiO₆ (BFNO) double perovskite synthesised using a sol-gel modified combustion technique. Its calcination temperature, 873 K, was determined using the mass variation in the TGA curve. Structural characterisation was conducted with the X-ray diffraction technique and the perovskite was found to adopt a cubic structure with space group <i>Fm</i><span>(bar{3})</span><i>m</i> (#225). Synchrotron-based powder angle dispersive X-ray diffraction (ADXRD) measurements were carried out to analyze the structural stability with temperature variation (RT-773 K). SEM studies revealed nearly cubic nanostructures with an average grain size of ~54 nm. EDS and XPS studies confirm the stoichiometric and electrical neutrality of the compound, respectively. The ε vs T curve shows the ferroelectric Curie temperature to be around 732 K, corroborating an exothermic peak observed in the DSC curve around the same temperature. The M-H curve and PE loop show the coexistence of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties in the as-prepared Bi₂FeNiO₆ at room temperature.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"766 - 782"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141739745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced efficiency of CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells through dual-layer ETL engineering","authors":"M. I. Khan,&nbsp;Ali Mujtaba,&nbsp;Shahbaz Ahmed Khan,&nbsp;A. Laref,&nbsp;Mongi Amami","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06482-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06482-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By incorporating 4% Nb doping and using bilayer electron transport layers (ETLs) consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), pure tungsten trioxide (WO₃), and Nb-WO₃, significant enhancements were achieved in the structural, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic properties of CsPbIBr₂ perovskite films. The perovskite film was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing an increase in crystal size from 26.6 nm to 71.8 nm and a decrease in lattice constant from 6.010 Å to 5.982 Å after the addition of Nb doping. These data indicate an improvement in the degree of crystalline structure of the film. The light absorption efficiency increased when the energy band gap of pure and Nb-CsPbIBr₂ fell from 2.021 eV to 1.955 eV, respectively. The refractive index of pure and Nb-CsPbIBr₂ increased from 2.618 to 2.640, respectively, leading to improved light trapping and absorption. The XRD analysis of the WO₃ ETLs revealed a monoclinic crystal structure with a higher lattice constant, which enhances the transport of charge carriers. Raman spectroscopy verifies the structural soundness of Nb-WO₃. The UV-Vis absorption spectra show that Nb-WO₃ has more absorption in the visible region and a larger bandgap compared to Nb-doped CsPbIBr₂. Photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals emission peaks that are indicative of flaws, which are essential for enhancing the efficiency of Nb-WO₃. The J-V tests demonstrated a significant enhancement in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells when double ETLs were included. This gain was evident in the increased fill factor (FF) range of 0.839–0.865 and open-circuit voltage (V_oc) range of 1.064–1.073. Consequently, the overall efficiency rose from 9.81% to 10.85%.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Explanation: When light falls on the perovskite layer, the produced electrons and holes move towards the ETL and HTL, respectively.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"754 - 765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141739750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prominent ethylene glycol sensing of sol–gel-derived ZnO and Cu-ZnO nanostructures","authors":"Seyedeh Faezeh Hashemi Karouei,&nbsp;Mahdi Shaddoust,&nbsp;Abbas Bagheri Khatibani,&nbsp;Arefeh Rezapour,&nbsp;Mohammad Hadi Ahmadi","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06449-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06449-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Within this work, pristine zinc oxide and copper-doped powders were prepared using a sol–gel technic. Important physical properties such as morphological, optical, and structural features of the samples have been studied. Different data including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were collected to investigate the physical features of the samples. In addition, the ethylene glycol vapor sensing capability of the prepared samples was investigated and compared with other vapors like as ethanol, methanol, acetone, isopropanol, and dimethylformamide. The results demonstrated that the samples have a very good selectivity to ethylene glycol (up to 50 times for ZnO and 13 times for Cu-ZnO 20%). The most important parameters of sensing namely operating temperature, real-time variation, sensitivity, and response/recovery times were also evaluated for pristine zinc oxide and copper-doped nanostructures. Specifically, the ZnO nanostructure sensor represented prominent sensitivity of about 37 and 139 towards ethylene glycol concentrations of 200 and 700 ppm, respectively.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"736 - 753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving energy storage performance of PbZrO3-Al2O3 composite thin films by regulating distribution of Al2O3 nanoparticles","authors":"Yu Xin Lin,&nbsp;Yan Shao,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Bo Han,&nbsp;Shiying Liu,&nbsp;Yu Bai,&nbsp;Zhan Jie Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06485-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06485-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A key factor affecting the energy storage performance of antiferroelectric materials is their electrical breakdown strength. Nanocomposition is one of the effective methods to improve the electrical breakdown strength of dielectric thin films. In this study, PbZrO₃‒Al₂O₃ nanoparticle composite films were prepared by combining chemical solution deposition of PbZrO₃ and vacuum evaporation deposition of Al, and the influence of size and distribution of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs) on electrical properties was investigated. The results show that the Al₂O₃ NPs are distributed in a layered form on the PZO matrix, and their distribution can be controlled by changing the thickness of PZO coatings. As the coating thickness decreases and the coating interface increases, the distribution of Al₂O₃ NPs becomes more uniform, resulting in a significant increase in maximum polarization and electrical breakdown strength, and a decrease in leakage current density, thereby enhancing the energy storage performance of the PbZrO₃-Al₂O₃ composite films. The results indicate that the regulation of the microstructure of dielectric composite films is of great significance for improving their energy storage performance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>The <i>P</i>-<i>E</i> hysteresis loops and polarization current curves of the PZO film (a) and the PZO-AO composite films of (b) PZO4-AO, (c) PZO5-AO, and (d) PZO6-AO.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"725 - 735"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of β-spodumene by a new sol–gel route assisted by whey protein","authors":"Ricardo Ferrari Ferraz,&nbsp;Maria da Conceição Costa Pereira,&nbsp;Raquel Aline Pessoa Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06484-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06484-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spodumene (LiAlSi₂O₆) has gained attention due to its versatile applications, which include ionizing radiation dosimetry, observed in either monoclinic (α-spodumene) or tetragonal (β-spodumene) symmetries. β-spodumene has been produced by solid-state reactions and conventional sol–gel methods, which are challenging due to the need for high temperatures and costly reagents, respectively. Alternative routes like the Pechini method and proteic sol–gel methods are promising because they can reduce production costs and environmental pollution. This paper aims to synthesize and characterize β-spodumene using a new sol–gel route assisted by whey protein. In this method, proteins act as chelating agents, aiding in the formation of stable colloidal solutions (sol) containing inorganic precursors. These solutions undergo gelation processes to form a solid connected porous structure (gel), which can then be thermally treated to promote crystallization and obtain the desired material. The process involved subjecting the material to thermal treatments exceeding 800 °C, leading to the crystallization of β-spodumene structure at 1000 °C. Additionally, a thermal treatment at 1100 °C facilitated the elimination of residual sulfur (S) resulting from protein combustion. For sample characterizations, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements were performed. Preliminary results indicate that β-spodumene was successfully synthesized using the new sol–gel route assisted by whey protein. The potential of whey protein as an eco-friendly chelating agent is highlighted, suggesting possible environmental benefits and paving the way for future advancements in this research area.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"718 - 724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141608484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cement kiln dust-based geopolymer: Microstructural investigation and performances optimization through response surface methodology","authors":"Abdellah Mourak,&nbsp;Mohamed Hajjaji","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06479-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06479-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cement kiln dust (CKD), which consisted of mullite, quartz, fused silica, and calcite (49, 23, 11, and 10 mass%, respectively) was alkali-activated ([NaOH]: 4–12 M) and cured under different conditions (25 ≤ T ≤ 85 °C, time (t): up to 30 days). The microstructure of the cured samples was investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical/physical properties of the cured samples were related to the above factors using response surface methodology. The results showed that increasing the levels of these factors enhanced the reactivity of mullite and quartz, leading thus to the formation of hydrosodalite along with geopolymer. Conversely, a pseudo-amorphous phase along with a limited amount of geopolymer occurred with lower levels of the factors. Moreover, samples prepared with concentrated solutions of NaOH or cured at high temperatures were the object of the formation of zeolite ZK, and semi-crystallized hydroxysodalite, respectively. Tobermorite and hydroxysodalite were formed at long and short curing times, respectively. The mechanical/physical properties of the cured samples were well related to the operating factors through quadratic models, and their changes were discussed in relation to the microstructure characterization. The results of the desirability approach demonstrated that the optimal values for bending strength, compressive strength, porosity, and water absorption (10.4 MPa, 9.1 MPa, 16.4%, and 28%, respectively) are obtained at: [NaOH] = 10 M, T = 73 °C, and <i>t</i> = 23 days. In light of these results, the CKD is suitable as a binder for mortar and bricks.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"703 - 717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141608485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sol-gel synthesized CuO nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for sunlight-catalytic methylene blue degradation and nanofluid applications","authors":"Yuvaraj Haldorai,&nbsp;Raju Suresh Kumar,&nbsp;Sivalingam Ramesh,&nbsp;R. T. Rajendra Kumar,&nbsp;Woochul Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06469-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06469-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of organic dye contaminations has been a major concern in recent years. Metal oxides and their composite have created a huge interest in the degradation of organic pollutants utilizing particularly direct sunlight has been investigated recently. This study demonstrated a facile sol-gel-assisted synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite for solar light-assisted removal of methylene blue (MB) dye and nanofluids applications. Transmission electron microscopic images displayed that the CuO NPs, which had a mean diameter of 30 nm, were dispersed on the rGO surface. The composite photocatalyst demonstrated a 92% degradation rate for MB dye. In addition, the study examined the impact of photocatalyst quantity, concentration of MB, and pH on MB degradation. A study on radical scavenging demonstrated that the generation of superoxide radicals was the main factor responsible for the degradation of MB. The stability test demonstrated that the degradation efficiency of the MB did not exhibit a substantial reduction after four consecutive cycles. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of CuO/rGO nanofluids depends on the particle concentration and temperature. The thermal conductivity enhancement of the nanofluids with a 0.07% volume fraction at 65 °C in deionized water and ethylene glycol was found to be 47.5% and 30.3%, respectively.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"689 - 702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141608645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}