Green synthesis strategy of CeO2 nanowires, WO3 nanoparticles and CeO2@WO3 nanocomposites by using (Azadirachta Indica) leaf extract: its surface defects, Ce3+/W5+ ratio for their enhanced antibacterial activity

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI:10.1007/s10971-024-06643-y

Kanwal Javed, Sobia Kousar, Bushra Begum, Ali Rizwan, Yifan Liu, Zhenhao Cao, Xue Li

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Abstract

This work presented the green synthesis of cerium oxide (CeO₂), tungsten oxide (WO₃) nanoparticles (NPs) and CeO₂/WO₃ nanocomposites (NCs) via simple precipitation method by using the leaf extract of the Azadirachta Indica (A. indica) plant. The morphological, structural, chemical composition, Ce³⁺/W⁵⁺ ratio and optical properties of all the synthesized samples were inspected by various techniques i.e. SEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, UV-vis, contact angle, Raman spectroscopy, XPS and zeta potential (ζ). The formations of single phase of CeO₂ and WO₃ NPs were confirmed through structural examination and no impurity signals were detected. The estimated crystallite’s size for CeO₂ nanowires (NW) is ~2 nm with SD ± 0.1–0.2, for oval stone like (OS) WO₃ NPs, the size is ~9.8 nm with SD ± 0.2–0.5, while for the CeO₂/WO₃ NCs it is about ~5.5 nm with SD is ±0.1–0.3 respectively was studied by XRD. The samples were tested as an antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and it was confirmed that they had greater antibacterial effects as compared to the negative (-ve) control group (water) which showed no response (0%). The antibacterial effect of pure CeO₂ and WO₃ NPs was also compared with the CeO₂/WO₃ NCs and predicted that these NCs showed excellent antibacterial activity (100%) verses pure NPs (70–80%) at the same 0.2 mg/L concentration for E. coli. While against S. aureus strain the CeO₂/WO₃ NCs also showed (90%) antibacterial action at the lowest concentration (0.2 mg/L) but 100% as the concentration increases i.e. 0.5 mg/L due to difference in the bacterial strain as compared to the pure NPs which showed good response at 5 mg/L. Furthermore, the detailed mechanism and the characteristics properties of the pure green synthesized CeO₂, WO₃ NPs as well as CeO₂/WO₃ NCs behind their antibacterial effects specifically at lowest concentrations are rarely studied, therefore, in this paper we elaborated the mechanisms of these NPs and NCs distinctly which is important for the development of more effective and unique antibacterial materials.

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利用印楝叶提取物绿色合成CeO2纳米线、WO3纳米粒子和CeO2@WO3纳米复合材料的策略：其表面缺陷、Ce3+/W5+比例对其抗菌活性的增强

本文以印楝叶提取物为原料，采用简单沉淀法绿色合成氧化铈（CeO2）、氧化钨（WO3）纳米颗粒（NPs）和氧化钨/WO3纳米复合材料（nc）。采用SEM、EDX、FT-IR、XRD、UV-vis、接触角、拉曼光谱、XPS和ζ电位等技术对合成样品的形貌、结构、化学成分、Ce3+/W5+比值和光学性质进行了表征。通过结构检测，证实了CeO2和WO3纳米粒子均为单相形成，未检测到杂质信号。用XRD对CeO2纳米线（NW）的晶粒尺寸进行了研究，得到晶粒尺寸为~2 nm， SD±0.1 ~ 0.2；对椭圆形石状（OS） WO3纳米线的晶粒尺寸为~9.8 nm, SD±0.2 ~ 0.5；对CeO2/WO3纳米线的晶粒尺寸为~5.5 nm, SD±0.1 ~ 0.3。将样品作为抗菌剂对大肠杆菌（E. coli）和金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）进行了测试，结果证实，与阴性（-ve）对照组（水）相比，它们具有更大的抗菌效果，而对照组（水）没有反应（0%）。比较了纯CeO2和WO3 NPs与CeO2/WO3 NPs的抑菌效果，预测在相同浓度0.2 mg/L下，这些NPs对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性（100%）优于纯NPs（70-80%）。CeO2/WO3 NPs在最低浓度（0.2 mg/L）下对金黄色葡萄球菌也有90%的抑菌作用，但随着浓度的增加（0.5 mg/L）达到100%，这是由于菌株的差异，而纯NPs在5 mg/L时表现出良好的反应。此外，纯绿色合成的CeO2、WO3 NPs以及CeO2/WO3 NCs在最低浓度下抗菌效果的详细机理和特性研究很少，因此，本文明确阐述了这些NPs和NCs的机理，这对开发更有效、更独特的抗菌材料具有重要意义。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

4.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.