Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Optimized VO2-TiO2 photoanodes for high-efficiency solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells","authors":"Priyanka Chawla,&nbsp;Upendra Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06803-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06803-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vanadium dioxide demonstrates excellent thermal, chemical stability and shows enhanced properties when doped with other metals and metal oxides. These variables are essential for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) photoanode tuning and performance enhancement. In this study, VO₂-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method. The resulting VO₂-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles were then coated using the doctor blade method on Indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates and used as a photoanode in a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) for the very first time. Structural analysis confirmed that VO₂ doping reduced TiO₂ crystallite size, leading to an increased surface area and enhanced dye loading, thereby improving the cell’s photocurrent conversion efficiency. Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy revealed that VO₂ incorporation introduced an inherent energy barrier, further enhancing light absorption and overall performance. A nanocomposite polymer electrolyte was prepared using the solution cast method, composed of polyethylene oxide with varying montmorillonite nanoparticle and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) loadings as primary and secondary nanofillers, was utilized to enhance cell stability. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated a significant reduction in polymer crystallinity upon nanofiller integration. Electrical impedance spectroscopy at room temperature demonstrated that nanofiller incorporation improved electrolyte conductivity, with the addition of MWCNTs further increasing A.C. conductivity from 5.6 × 10⁻⁴ to 7.63 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹, attributed to the formation of conductive pathways. The combination of the VO₂-TiO₂ photoanode and the optimized solid polymer electrolyte achieved a peak solar efficiency of 3.8%, highlighting its potential for next-generation solid-state DSSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"188 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid inorganic sol-gel silane/organic polycaprolactone coatings for enhanced corrosion protection on AZ31B magnesium alloy","authors":"Lutviasari Nuraini,&nbsp;Joko Triwardono,&nbsp;Rahma Nisa Hakim,&nbsp;Rahadian Roberto,&nbsp;Fadli Rohman,&nbsp;Yudi Nugraha Thaha,&nbsp;Albertus Deny Heri Setyawan,&nbsp;Aprilia Erryani","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06804-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06804-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The silane inorganic coating and its hybrid with organic polycaprolactone (PCL) have been developed to improve the corrosion resistance of a magnesium alloy (AZ31B). This study investigates the effects of the aging time of the sol materials for the inorganic coating and its combination with PCL on the corrosion properties of AZ31B. The corrosion behavior was examined using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 3.5 wt% NaCl at room temperature. The organic monolayer was prepared by a sol-gel route using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) precursors. The prolonged aging time of the TEOS/MPTMS sol, from 1 to 7 days, increases the hydrophobicity, roughness, and corrosion resistance of the coating. The combination of TEOS/MPTMS with PCL decreases the hydrophobicity of the coating layer. Moreover, the hybrid double-layer coating of TEOS/MPTMS with PCL on the AZ31B alloy significantly enhances the corrosion resistance by 10 times compared to that of the monolayer TEOS/MPTMS coating.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Schematic of the inorganic sol–gel TEOS/MPTMS coating route (<b>a</b>) and organic polycaprolactone (PCL) coating route (<b>b</b>)</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"171 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Se-nanorods-rGO nanocomposite for use as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells","authors":"Moaaed Motlak,&nbsp;Alaa A. Al‑Jobory,&nbsp;Ammar Hamza,&nbsp;Sameer Nawaf","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06789-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06789-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A Se nanorods-modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite was synthesized via a reflux method at 150 °C and evaluated as a platinum-free counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) Morphological analyses using FESEM and TEM showed that selenium nanorods are densely packed, measuring approximately 1 µm in length and 120 nm in diameter. These nanorods are uniformly distributed on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), creating a strong interfacial contact. XRD and HR-TEM confirmed the crystalline trigonal phase of selenium and the successful reduction of GO. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows a decrease in charge transfer resistance for Se nanorods-rGO (Rct = 23.4 Ω) compared to pristine rGO (Rct = 27.58 Ω), which suggests that the former has a greater tri-iodide reduction electrocatalyst activity. From the J–V characteristics measured under AM 1.5 illumination, the power conversion efficiencies (PCE) were obtained as 3.14% and 3.28% for TcSeCl4 concentrations of 0.2 g and 0.1 g, respectively. The corresponding short circuit current densities (Jsc) were 9.52, 10.68 mA·cm⁻², open-circuit voltages (Voc) were 0.576, 0.582 V, and fill factors (FF) values were 0.572, 0.527. These results substantially enhance pristine rGO (η = 1.72%, FF = 0.42). The Se nanorods-rGO composite also showed good stability and performance retention under testing conditions. These findings position Se nanorods-rGO as a promising, cost-effective material for high-performance, stable counter electrodes in DSSCs.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>The results are promising as the proposed Se-nanorods-rGO nanocomposite reveals the highest efficiency (3.24 %) compared to the pristine graphene oxide (GO).</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"162 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Mn on visible light photocatalytic activity of BiFeO3 nanoparticles","authors":"Ranjith Anburaja,&nbsp;Kaleemulla Shaik","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06798-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06798-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiferroic nanoparticles are extensively studied as they exhibit ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism and ferro-elasticity in a single-phase material. These nanoparticles play an important role in multifunctional and eco-friendly devices. The present manuscript deals with the synthesis of manganese (Mn) doped bismuth ferrite (Bi_1-xMn_xFeO₃) nanoparticles at 0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.1 using a sol-gel auto combustion method. The role of manganese (Mn) concentration on structural, optical, magnetic and dielectric properties was investigated. More importantly, the role of Mn concentration on visible light photocatalytic application was explained in detail. The XRD results confirmed the rhombohedral (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.07) and tetragonal structures (<i>x</i> ≥ 0.1) of Bi_1-xMn_xFeO₃ nanoparticles. The Bi_1-xMn_xFeO₃ nanoparticles exhibited high optical response (absorbance) in the visible region which increased with increasing Mn concentration. A decrease in optical band gap (E_g) was noted from 2.1 eV to 1.36 eV with increasing Mn concentration (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.10). The magnetic properties were studied at room temperature (300 K) by applying an external magnetic field of ±15 kOe. The Bi_1-xMn_xFeO₃ nanoparticles exhibited paramagnetic (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.05) and ferromagnetic (<i>x</i> &gt; 0.05) behaviours with increasing Mn concentration. Dielectric measurements were carried out at room temperature by varying frequency. An increase in dielectric loss was observed with increasing Mn concentration. The visible light photo catalytic activity of Bi_1-xMn_xFeO₃ nanoparticles was investigated using Rhodamine B dye and enhanced photo catalytic degradation activity was observed with increase of Mn concentration.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1079 - 1095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressing of photocatalytic degradation in Ga and Bi co-doping ZnO nanopowders: Potential application in sunscreen","authors":"Aya Latif,&nbsp;Louiza Arab,&nbsp;Farouk Boudou,&nbsp;Chaima Benbrika,&nbsp;Abdelhak Amri","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06788-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06788-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The chemical sol-gel method was successfully used to synthesize ZnO semiconductor nanopowders co-doped with varying concentrations of Bi and Ga. This study investigates the effect of these dopants in suppressing the photocatalytic activity of ZnO for sunscreen applications. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of Bi- and Ga-doped ZnO were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), ultraviolet-visible reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis confirmed the presence of the hexagonal wurtzite phase in the co-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The crystallite size, estimated using the Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot, ranged from 24 to 10 nm. SEM analysis revealed that the particle size was below 100 nm, and the co-doped ZnO exhibits a smaller size compared to undoped ZnO. This reduction in particle size leads to an increase in structural defects, which, in turn, suppresses the photocatalytic activity. The EDS analysis further confirmed these results. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer results show the bandgap increases with Bi and Ga co-doping. These increases inhibit the electron-hole pair recombination, thereby reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, FTIR analysis verified the chemical bonding of Zn-O and Bi-O. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated against Rhodamine B (Rh-B), a typical organic contaminant, under sunlight irradiation. The results demonstrated that co-doped ZnO exhibits lower photocatalytic efficiency compared to undoped ZnO, confirming its suitability for sunscreen applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"146 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-substituted barium hexaferrite with magnetoplumbite structure for microwave high-frequency applications","authors":"Ebtesam E. Ateia,&nbsp;Yousra Yasser,&nbsp;Amira S. Shafaay","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06783-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06783-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Barium hexaferrite (BHF) presents significant potential for different technological applications. By doping BHF with different substitution cations, a range of samples exhibiting diverse electrical and magnetic properties can be created. Gadolinium (<i>Gd</i>^<i>3+</i>) was used as an isovalent substitution for <i>Fe</i>^<i>3+</i>. On the other hand, Zirconium (<i>Zr</i>^<i>4+</i>), Zinc (<i>Zn</i>^<i>2+</i>) and Nickel (<i>Ni</i>^<i>2+</i>) were used as heterovalent substitutions for <i>Fe</i>^<i>3+</i> as tetravalent and divalent elements. The structure, surface morphology characteristics and magnetic behavior of the samples were investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and Raman spectroscopy analysis (RSA) were used to evaluate the microstructure and establish the presence of the hexagonal phase as the main phase for the prepared samples. The average crystallite sizes obtained from XRD measurements ranged from 29 to 44 nm, while the grain sizes estimated through FE-SEM varied between 56 and 94 nm. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine quantitative elemental composition and the change in valencies due to substitution. The analysis used Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) to study the different magnetic properties of the samples. The composition <i>BaFe</i>_<i>11.5</i><i>Gd</i>_<i>0.5</i><i>O</i>_<i>19</i> exhibited a minimum saturation magnetization of 38.753 emu/g, characterized by an average ionic radius of the B-sub-lattice measuring 0.938 Å, a minimum crystallite size of 29.577 nm, and a maximum coercivity value of 4639.5 Oe. While the composition <i>BaFe</i>_<i>11.5</i><i>Zr</i>_<i>0.5</i><i>O</i>_<i>19</i> with a B-sub-lattice average ionic radius of 0.56 Å has the maximum saturation magnetization of 57.226 emu/g with the minimum coercivity of 2061 Oe. The high-frequency response of the BHFNPs demonstrates that they are capable of functioning in the frequency range of 8.5–13.17 GHz. The barium hexaferrite (BHF) powders synthesized in the present study exhibit high saturation magnetization, high coercivity, minimal magnetic loss, high chemical stability, and significant magnetic anisotropy, making them a strong candidate for high-frequency applications such as communication devices, and electromagnetic shielding.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"98 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10971-025-06783-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled synthesis of hierarchical TiO2 nanostructures using alcoholysis and ultrasound for enhanced photovoltaic performance","authors":"Talel Jebali,&nbsp;Zied Ben Hamed,&nbsp;Rached Ben Hassen,&nbsp;Noureddine Amdouni","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06776-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06776-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the controlled synthesis of hierarchical TiO₂ nanostructures using the sol-gel method, with particular emphasis on the alcoholysis of titanium alkoxide precursors. The influence of polyhydroxy alcohols namely ethylene glycol (bearing two hydroxyl groups) and glycerol (with three hydroxyl groups) on the resulting TiO₂ morphology was systematically examined. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the morphology of TiO₂ can be finely tuned by selecting the appropriate polyhydroxy alcohol during the alcoholysis step. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the formation of TiO₂ in the pure anatase phase, with nanometric crystallite sizes, estimated using the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods. UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy highlighted notable variations in the optical band gap among the synthesized samples, reflecting changes in their electronic structures. Furthermore, photovoltaic tests conducted on a P3HT + 20% TiO₂ nanocomposite active layer showed marked enhancements in both short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage, underscoring the superior photovoltaic performance of these tailored nanostructures. Notably, the spontaneous self-assembly of TiO₂ into microspherical architectures contributed to improved interfacial contact between the organic and inorganic components, further boosting device efficiency. Overall, this work highlights the strong potential of hierarchical TiO₂ nanostructures in the development of next-generation solar energy conversion systems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>The main objective is to highlight the polyhydroxy alcohol effect that controls the morphology of TiO₂ microstructures through particle self-assembly. Secondly, to explore and optimize the photovoltaic properties of nanoparticles incorporating these TiO₂ microstructures, in order to potentially improve solar cell efficiency through enhanced light absorption and charge transport capabilities.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"130 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sol-gel dip coating of Ta2O5/SiO2 anti-reflection films on fused silica for developing laser optics with high laser induced damage threshold","authors":"Suparna Pal,&nbsp;Rajiv Kamparath,&nbsp;V. V. V. Subrahmanyam,&nbsp;Neha Sharma,&nbsp;A. K. Biswas,&nbsp;Rishipal Singh,&nbsp;Sanjiv Tiwari,&nbsp;Y. Pavan Kumar,&nbsp;N. S. Benerji","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06761-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06761-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ta₂O₅/SiO₂ bi-layer anti-reflection (AR) films have been deposited for various wavelengths on ultra-smooth, large fused silica (FS) substrates using the sol-gel dip-coating technique. This method facilitates the development of transmission windows with high laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDT). Super-polished, 50 mm diameter flat FS substrates were AR-coated on both sides using this simple and cost-effective approach. The nearly stoichiometric thin films of Ta₂O₅ and SiO₂ were synthesized using halide-free precursors—tantalum ethoxide and tetraethyl orthosilicate, respectively. The morphology, composition, and optical properties of these thin films were characterized before applying them as bi-layer AR coatings on FS substrates. The refractive indices of the Ta₂O₅ and SiO₂ thin films were determined to be 1.75 and 1.44, at 1000 nm, respectively. AR coatings were deposited for four target wavelengths—850 nm, 1053 nm, 1300 nm, and 1550 nm—by varying the film thickness with precise control over the withdrawal speed during the dip-coating process. Deposition parameters were optimized to minimize optical absorption, achieving a maximum transmission of &gt;99% and reflectivity of &lt;1% for all AR coatings. All sol-gel AR-coated FS transmission windows demonstrated a high LIDT of ~20 J/cm², making them highly suitable for high-energy laser applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"115 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10971-025-06761-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of synthesis methods on microstructural, optical, and photocatalytic activity of CuBi2O4","authors":"Sanaz Rezaei,&nbsp;Ahmad Gholizadeh,&nbsp;Davood Kalhor","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06793-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06793-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthesis method used to prepare CuBi₂O₄ significantly influences its microstructure, optical properties, and photocatalytic performance. In this study, CuBi₂O₄ was synthesized via four different methods—citrate-nitrate auto-combustion, hydrothermal, sol-gel, and co-precipitation to evaluate their impact on material characteristics and photocatalytic efficiency. Comprehensive structural analyses using X-ray diffraction confirmed that all synthesized samples crystallized in the tetragonal <i>P</i>4/<i>ncc</i> space group. Morphological analysis via field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that hydrothermally synthesized CuBi₂O₄ exhibited a highly porous nanostructure composed of cubic nanorods, leading to a higher surface area. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis confirmed that this sample had the highest surface area (19.7 m²/g), which correlated with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed band gap variations between 1.6 and 2.1 eV, depending on synthesis conditions. The photocatalytic performance was assessed through methyl orange degradation under sunlight, where the hydrothermally synthesized sample demonstrated superior efficiency, achieving a 65% degradation rate within 195 min, which was significantly higher than other methods. The enhanced activity was attributed to the synergistic effects of increased porosity, smaller particle size, and optimized light absorption properties. These findings provide valuable insights into tailoring synthesis techniques for optimizing CuBi₂O₄-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation and solar energy applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1336 - 1355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization via response surface methodology for Ni-La-V2O5 porous ion-storage film by sol–gel method","authors":"Xueli Zhu,&nbsp;Xiangru Yin,&nbsp;Yinan Zhang,&nbsp;Qiqi Mei,&nbsp;Jinshuo Bai,&nbsp;Guixiang Yang,&nbsp;Dequan Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoping Liang","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06760-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06760-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>V₂O₅ films with high ion storage capacity (Q) and wide optical modulation range (∆T) have great potential for application in electrochromic devices. In this paper, Ni-La-V₂O₅ porous ion storage films are prepared by the sol–gel method. The effects of Ni-La co-doping content, PEG content, and heat treatment temperature on the properties of V₂O₅ films were investigated. By comparison, it was found that the Q value of 9 mol% Ni-5.5 mol% La-V₂O₅ film was increased compared to 9 mol% Ni-V₂O₅ film, but ∆T was decreased. In order to improve ∆T, Ni-La-V₂O₅ porous ion storage films were prepared using Ni-La co-doping and PEG pore-former, and the optimization of process parameters was carried out via Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The RSM results showed that the influence on the Q value was in the following order: heat treatment temperature &gt; Ni-La co-doping content &gt; PEG content. Under the near-optimal process parameters, a satisfying V₂O₅ film with a high Q value (120.23 mC/cm²), a good ∆T (79.8%), and a short response time (3.1 s/2.8 s) were obtained, which further demonstrated the superior electrochromic performance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"84 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}