Multi-substituted barium hexaferrite with magnetoplumbite structure for microwave high-frequency applications

IF 3.2 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI:10.1007/s10971-025-06783-9

Ebtesam E. Ateia, Yousra Yasser, Amira S. Shafaay

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Barium hexaferrite (BHF) presents significant potential for different technological applications. By doping BHF with different substitution cations, a range of samples exhibiting diverse electrical and magnetic properties can be created. Gadolinium (Gd³⁺) was used as an isovalent substitution for Fe³⁺. On the other hand, Zirconium (Zr⁴⁺), Zinc (Zn²⁺) and Nickel (Ni²⁺) were used as heterovalent substitutions for Fe³⁺ as tetravalent and divalent elements. The structure, surface morphology characteristics and magnetic behavior of the samples were investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and Raman spectroscopy analysis (RSA) were used to evaluate the microstructure and establish the presence of the hexagonal phase as the main phase for the prepared samples. The average crystallite sizes obtained from XRD measurements ranged from 29 to 44 nm, while the grain sizes estimated through FE-SEM varied between 56 and 94 nm. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine quantitative elemental composition and the change in valencies due to substitution. The analysis used Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) to study the different magnetic properties of the samples. The composition BaFe_11.5Gd_0.5O₁₉ exhibited a minimum saturation magnetization of 38.753 emu/g, characterized by an average ionic radius of the B-sub-lattice measuring 0.938 Å, a minimum crystallite size of 29.577 nm, and a maximum coercivity value of 4639.5 Oe. While the composition BaFe_11.5Zr_0.5O₁₉ with a B-sub-lattice average ionic radius of 0.56 Å has the maximum saturation magnetization of 57.226 emu/g with the minimum coercivity of 2061 Oe. The high-frequency response of the BHFNPs demonstrates that they are capable of functioning in the frequency range of 8.5–13.17 GHz. The barium hexaferrite (BHF) powders synthesized in the present study exhibit high saturation magnetization, high coercivity, minimal magnetic loss, high chemical stability, and significant magnetic anisotropy, making them a strong candidate for high-frequency applications such as communication devices, and electromagnetic shielding.

Graphical Abstract

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磁铅石结构多取代六铁氧体钡用于微波高频应用

六铁体钡（BHF）在不同的技术应用中具有巨大的潜力。通过用不同的取代阳离子掺杂BHF，可以制备出一系列具有不同电学和磁性能的样品。钆（Gd3+）被用作Fe3+的等价取代物。另一方面，用锆（Zr4+）、锌（Zn2+）和镍（Ni2+）作为四价和二价元素取代Fe3+。研究了样品的结构、表面形貌和磁性能。利用x射线衍射图（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）和拉曼光谱分析（RSA）对样品的微观结构进行了评价，确定了样品的主要相为六方相。XRD测得的平均晶粒尺寸为29 ~ 44 nm， FE-SEM测得的晶粒尺寸为56 ~ 94 nm。用x射线光电子能谱（XPS）定量测定了元素组成和取代引起的价变化。分析采用振动样品磁强计（VSM）研究样品的不同磁性能。BaFe11.5Gd0.5O19的最小饱和磁化强度为38.753 emu/g， b-亚晶格的平均离子半径为0.938 Å，最小晶粒尺寸为29.577 nm，最大矫顽力值为4639.5 Oe。而b-亚晶格平均离子半径为0.56 Å的BaFe11.5Zr0.5O19的最大饱和磁化强度为57.226 emu/g，最小矫顽力为2061 Oe。BHFNPs的高频响应表明，它们能够在8.5-13.17 GHz的频率范围内工作。本研究合成的六铁氧体钡（BHF）粉末具有高饱和磁化强度、高矫顽力、最小磁损失、高化学稳定性和显著的磁各向异性等特点，是高频应用如通信设备和电磁屏蔽的有力候选材料。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

4.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.