Synthesis and characterization of Zn0.8Co0.2Fe₂O₄ ferrite nanoparticles: Magnetic and structural insights

IF 3.2 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI:10.1007/s10971-025-06779-5

Hero S. Ahmed, Sarkawt A. Hussen, Ali M. Mohammad

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Abstract

Temperature variations highly influence the structural, cation redistribution and magnetic characteristics of Zn_0.8Co_0.2Fe₂O₄ spinel ferrite during the synthesis. However, the temperature-dependent properties of Zn_0.8Co_0.2Fe₂O₄ were not sufficiently explored. Understanding the influence of temperature on cation distribution, crystallite size, and magnetic properties is crucial to optimize the material’s performance in many technological uses. This study explores the temperature-dependent characteristic of Zn_0.8Co_0.2Fe₂O₄ ferrite to enhance its suitability for electronic and magnetic device applications. The sol-gel auto-combustion method was utilized for synthesizing Zn_0.8Co_0.2Fe₂O₄ nano-ferrites, and then the temperature dependence of the structural property, cation distribution and magnetic behavior were explored. The X-ray patterns revealed that the crystallite size and lattice parameters increased by razing calcination temperature. The calculated crystallite sizes ranged from 23.78 nm to 38.02 nm, confirming the crystalline structure in the nm ranges of the prepared ferrite materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides the formation of a cubic spinel structure with high-frequency (υ₁) ranges between 534.3 and 549.61 cm⁻¹ and low-frequency bands (υ₂) appearing between 348.8 and 389.53 cm⁻¹. These frequency bands appeared due to the stretching vibration of metal-oxygen ions at both A-sites and B-sites. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that all calcined samples have almost spherical shapes with a high degree of agglomeration. Using a Vibration Sample Magnetometer, the magnetic property showed that the synthesized nano-ferrites have soft magnetization at ambient temperature. The magnetic saturation values decreased with calcination temperature starting at 18.225 emu/g to 7.702 emu/g from 400 °C to 600 °C, respectively. The magnetic moment reduced from 0.782 to 0.3306 with increasing calcination temperature due to particle growth at higher temperatures, leading to cation distribution between A and B sites and weakening of superexchange coupling.

Graphical Abstract

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Zn0.8Co0.2Fe₂O₄铁氧体纳米粒子的合成与表征：磁性和结构研究

在合成过程中，温度变化对Zn0.8Co0.2Fe2O4尖晶石铁氧体的结构、阳离子重分布和磁性有较大影响。然而，对Zn0.8Co0.2Fe2O4的温度依赖性质的研究还不够充分。了解温度对阳离子分布、晶体尺寸和磁性的影响对于优化材料在许多技术应用中的性能至关重要。本研究探讨了Zn0.8Co0.2Fe2O4铁氧体的温度依赖特性，以提高其在电子和磁性器件中的适用性。采用溶胶-凝胶自燃烧法制备了Zn0.8Co0.2Fe2O4纳米铁氧体，并对其结构性能、阳离子分布和磁性能的温度依赖性进行了研究。x射线谱图显示，随着烧成温度的升高，晶粒尺寸和晶格参数增大。计算得到的晶体尺寸范围为23.78 ~ 38.02 nm，证实了制备的铁氧体材料在nm范围内的晶体结构。傅里叶变换红外光谱显示，形成了立方尖晶石结构，高频（ν 1）范围在534.3 ~ 549.61 cm−1之间，低频（ν 2）范围在348.8 ~ 389.53 cm−1之间。这些频带的出现是由于金属氧离子在a位和b位的拉伸振动。场发射扫描电镜结果表明，煅烧后的样品形貌接近球形，团聚程度较高。用振动样品磁强计测试结果表明，合成的纳米铁氧体在常温下具有软磁化特性。在400 ~ 600℃范围内，随着煅烧温度从18.225 emu/g降至7.702 emu/g，磁饱和值分别呈下降趋势。随着煅烧温度的升高，磁矩从0.782减小到0.3306，这是由于粒子在高温下生长，导致阳离子分布在A和B位点之间，超交换耦合减弱。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

4.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.