Investigating the impact of Sn doping on the structural and optical features of ZnWO4; probing the catalytic efficiency in improving NaBH4 hydrolysis

IF 3.2 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI:10.1007/s10971-025-06784-8

Zein K. Heiba, M. M. Ghannam, Noura M. Farag, Ali Badawi, Mohamed Bakr Mohamed

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Abstract

ZnW_1-xSn_xO₄ samples were fabricated through the hydrothermal method. The X-ray diffraction data were evaluated and the variations in the structural parameters due to Sn-doping were analyzed using the Rietveld refinement approach. Upon the incorporation of Sn, the analysis revealed augmented distortions in both Zn- and W-octahedra; the zinc octahedra exhibited a more symmetric arrangement and a larger volume of 12.0 Å³, whereas the tungsten octahedra demonstrated a reduced volume of 9.297 Å³ along with a large degree of distortion. The assessment of the obtained Raman data supported the distortion in the WO₆ octahedra due to Sn-doping, as evidenced by the shifting and splitting of vibrational modes. The chemical composition and oxidation states of the constituent elements were examined employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The bandgap energies were determined to be 3.93, 3.99, 3.93, 3.92, and 3.86 eV for Sn content of x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.1, respectively. The photoluminescence intensity was nearly entirely reduced as a result of doping, providing an ideal charge separation beneficial for photocatalytic enhancement. Nano ZnW_1-xSn_xO₄ samples are considered efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation by the application of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). ZnWO₄ exhibited the highest production rate of 329 mL min⁻¹g⁻¹ at room temperature.

Graphical Abstract

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研究Sn掺杂对ZnWO4结构和光学特性的影响探讨了改善NaBH4水解的催化效率

采用水热法制备了ZnW1-xSnxO4样品。对x射线衍射数据进行了评估，并利用Rietveld细化方法分析了sn掺杂对结构参数的影响。在加入Sn后，分析显示Zn-和w -八面体的畸变增强；锌八面体排列更对称，体积更大，为12.0 Å3，而钨八面体体积减小，为9.297 Å3，畸变程度较大。对得到的拉曼数据的评估支持了由于sn掺杂导致的WO6八面体的畸变，其振动模式的转移和分裂证明了这一点。采用x射线光电子能谱法分析了组成元素的化学成分和氧化态。当Sn含量x = 0、0.02、0.05、0.07和0.1时，带隙能分别为3.93、3.99、3.93、3.92和3.86 eV。由于掺杂，光致发光强度几乎完全降低，为光催化增强提供了理想的电荷分离。纳米ZnW1-xSnxO4样品被认为是硼氢化钠（NaBH4）催化制氢的有效催化剂。室温下ZnWO4的产率最高，为329 mL min - 1g−1。图形抽象

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

4.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.