Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Insights into the solar-light-driven photocatalysis of greenly synthesized CoCr2O4 nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica","authors":"Kajalben Patel,&nbsp;Yogita Abhale,&nbsp;Soumya Ranjan Mishra,&nbsp;Vishal Gadore,&nbsp;Saptarshi Roy,&nbsp;Md. Ahmaruzzaman,&nbsp;Kshitij R. B. Singh,&nbsp;Jay Singh,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar,&nbsp;Suresh Ghotekar","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06711-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06711-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The green synthesis of nanomaterial offers an option for chemical processes, which can harm the ecosystem and human health due to exposure to perilous materials and harsh fabrication scenarios. In the present work, <i>Azadirachta indica</i> leaf extract (AILE) was applied in a green synthesis approach to create cobalt chromite nanoparticles (CoCr₂O₄ NPs). This approach makes the process straightforward, simpler, benign, and cheaper, which requires less effort to produce CoCr₂O₄ NPs. The characterization of CoCr₂O₄ NPs was explored using diverse analytical techniques. According to the XRD diffractograms, CoCr₂O₄ NPs were obtained in the cubic phase. TEM disclosed their pseudo-spherical morphology with a mean diameter of 54.89 nm. The bandgap of CoCr₂O₄ NPs was found to be 2.39 eV, which allows for UV absorption and makes them ideal for effective photocatalysts under sunlight. Conversely, under direct sunlight, the photocatalytic potential of CoCr₂O₄ NPs was examined employing malachite green (MG) dye as a pollutant model. After 90 min, a decomposition of 91.33% was accomplished, revealing pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. In addition, the influence of H₂O₂, CoCr₂O₄ loading, MG dye concentration, and scavengers on the MG photodegradation was also verified. In a nutshell, this work describes the creation of a CoCr₂O₄ photocatalyst that reveals excellent efficiency, particularly in solar light irradiation, indicating that it may find application in potential wastewater cleanup.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 2","pages":"594 - 611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced room-temperature ferromagnetism and tuned band gap in AlCoO3-modified lead-free Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3","authors":"Nguyen Huu Lam,&nbsp;Dang Duc Dung","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06690-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06690-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lead-free Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ modified with AlCoO₃ was synthesized via a chemical method. The effects of AlCoO₃ incorporation on the crystal structure, optical properties, and magnetic behavior of Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ were systematically investigated. The incorporation of Al and Co cations into the Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ lattice during solid-solution formation induced lattice distortions. In addition, a significant reduction in the optical band gap energy, from 3.07 eV for pure Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ to 2.24 eV for Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ containing 9 mol.% AlCoO₃ was also observed. Furthermore, magnetic measurements revealed that pure Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ exhibited weak ferromagnetism with prominent diamagnetic contributions at room temperature. With increasing AlCoO₃ concentration, the magnetic response transitioned to typical ferromagnetism. At higher AlCoO₃ concentrations, the magnetic behavior became more complex, displaying a combination of ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and/or antiferromagnetic-like characteristics. These results demonstrate the successful integration of magnetic functionalities into lead-free ferroelectric materials, offering new possibilities for their use in multifunctional applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 2","pages":"571 - 580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic role of alginate hydrogel in the photocatalytic activity of ZnO-gC3N4","authors":"MD Furqaan Valiyathur,&nbsp;A. Ahmed Raza,&nbsp;Anver Basha Kottur,&nbsp;Mohammed Safiullah Sakvai","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06706-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06706-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing efficient and environmentally friendly photocatalysts for dye degradation remains a significant challenge. In this study, we strengthened the ZnO-gC₃N₄ (ZG) heterojunction photocatalyst by incorporating it into a crosslinked alginate hydrogel (CA), forming a novel Alg-based photocatalyst (CAZG). The CAZG demonstrated enhanced optical properties and improved photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV-vis irradiation. The resulting materials (CA, ZG, and CAZG) were meticulously characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-vis Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) techniques to determine their structural, thermal and optical properties. The photocatalytic performance of ZG and CAZG showed maximum MB degradation efficiencies of 65.34% and 73.46% respectively, at a concentration of 1 × 10⁻⁵M after 60 min of UV-vis exposure. The integration of ZG (3.1 eV) into the alginate matrix resulted in a diminished bandgap structure for the CAZG (2.47 eV), enhancing optical properties and promoting photocatalytic activity. This study presents a sustainable approach to develop biocompatible and economically feasible photocatalysts for environmental applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 2","pages":"313 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of robust glassy carbon monoliths via sol-gel process followed by direct ambient drying and carbonization","authors":"Yong Yuan,&nbsp;Tingting Liu,&nbsp;Fanxing Bu,&nbsp;Xiao Huang,&nbsp;Hongjie Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06709-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06709-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glassy carbon monoliths (GCMs) are one of the most attractive carbon materials presently, while their applications are limited by their fussy fabrication processes and relatively poor mechanical properties. Herein, we report a facile fabrication method of high-strength crack-free GCMs using furfuryl alcohol via sol-gel process and direct drying at ambient conditions followed by carbonization. The in-situ volume shrinkage results reveal that volume shrinkage and mass loss show similar trends during the whole carbonization process and the percentage of volume shrinkage is always higher than that of mass loss, so that highly densified nonporous carbon monoliths instead of normally porous materials are acquired. Our results indicate that the kinetics of the sol formation plays a vital role in controlling the evolution process, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the carbon monoliths. By tuning the kinetics of the sol formation, GCMs of compressive strength ranging in 12.4–41.5 MPa can be prepared. HRTEM images show that nanoscale graphite dispersed in GCMs can be formed at a very low carbonization temperature, whose quantity and morphology are strongly affected by sol reaction time.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 2","pages":"559 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon carbide modified mullite fiber ceramic aerogel with high strength and favourable high-temperature infrared shielding capabilities","authors":"Hongli Liu,&nbsp;Ziyang Peng,&nbsp;Wenjin Yuan,&nbsp;Baojie Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Chu,&nbsp;Yuhao Liu,&nbsp;Weiqiang Xie,&nbsp;Bingxin Tao,&nbsp;Yao Song,&nbsp;Wenjing Zu,&nbsp;Kun Yu,&nbsp;Chenghao Bian","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06710-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06710-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mullite fiber aerogels are suitable for high-temperature insulation and other extreme environment applications due to their low density, excellent thermal stability, and low thermal conductivity. However, the elevated thermal conductivity at high temperatures and the limited mechanical strength confined its wider application. In this paper, mullite fibers/silicon carbide (SiC) composite aerogels were prepared by freeze-drying method with polycarbosilane (PCS) as a precursor. The SiC formed during the pyrolysis of PCS served as a high-temperature binder, which can form a tough three-dimensional network structure with mullite fibers. Benefit from the good infrared shielding property and high strength of SiC phase, the high-temperature insulation and mechanical properties of the aerogels were greatly improved. The lowest thermal conductivity of the mullite fibers/SiC aerogel can be 0.037 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ at room temperature and 0.067 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ at 1000 °C. Meanwhile the compressive strength can reach 0.31 MPa (10% strain). These favorable properties make it a very promising material in high temperature insulation applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 2","pages":"549 - 558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel g-C3N4 based CeO2 loaded ternary CeO2/CoFe2O4@g-C3N4 hetero-junction catalyst for the efficient removal of enrofloxacin from the veterinary wastewater","authors":"Qasim Raza,&nbsp;Shahid Iqbal,&nbsp;Firdous Bibi,&nbsp;Eman Aldosari,&nbsp;Ambreen Kalsoom,&nbsp;Muhammad Jamshaid,&nbsp;Rashid Iqbal,&nbsp;Sooman Lim","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06708-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06708-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent research study investigates the synergistic effects of CeO₂/CoFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ ternary heterojunction composite catalyst on the photocatalytic elimination of enrofloxacin (ENF) under visible-light illumination. The P-XRD and the FTIR techniques confirmed the successful fabrication of CoFe₂O₄ with spinel geometry and CeO₂/CoFe₂O₄ synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and their composite with g-C₃N₄ via ultrasonication. The structural, morphological, and optical attributes of as-fabricated CoFe₂O₄, CeO₂/CoFe₂O₄, and CeO₂/CoFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ photo-catalysts were characterized using BET, SEM, PL, and UV–Vis, techniques. These studies revealed that by composite formation, the surface and optical properties of CeO₂/CoFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ were increased compared with their counterparts. The photocatalytic performance of CeO₂/CoFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ composite was evaluated by its capability towards the photoremoval of ENF. The 98.25% photo-removal performance towards the elimination of ENF was demonstrated by CeO₂/CoFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ composite catalyst in only 60 min, as compared to their other counterparts, i.e., CeO₂ loaded CoFe₂O₄ (73.63%), and CoFe₂O₄ (57.30%) under similar reaction conditions. This superior photo-removal performance was accredited to the interfacial interactions between the two heterojunction catalysts (CeO₂/CoFe₂O₄ and g-C₃N₄), which facilitate the faster mobility of photogenerated charge pairs with excellent stability. This study can ensure new insights for preparing visible light-activated hybrid catalysts for the treatment of antibiotics in contaminated hospital wastewater.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 2","pages":"532 - 548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crafting prospective composites: revealing the influence of synthesis route and silica source on PANI/silica-coated magnetite characteristics and bioactivity","authors":"Damar Nurwahyu Bima,&nbsp;Ayu Sri Wahyuni,&nbsp;Adi Darmawan,&nbsp;Purbowatiningrum Ria Sarjono","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06707-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06707-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthesis route and matrix material source play a crucial role in determining the characteristics and bioactivity of a composite. This study focuses on synthesizing a PANI/Silica-Coated Magnetite composite with variations in synthesis methods and silica sources. The in situ method involves polymerizing polyaniline within a silica gel containing magnetite, while the ex situ method incorporates pre-formed polyaniline into a silica gel through a sol-gel condensation reaction. Two silica sources, Na₂SiO₃ and Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS), were utilized. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful polymerization of PANI, as evidenced by an absorption peak at 1110 cm⁻¹, indicating the vibration of C-N bonds attached to aromatic amines. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis demonstrated that the PANI composite containing magnetite exhibited magnetic properties, unlike pure PANI. Additionally, TGA characterization revealed that the composite possessed enhanced thermal stability compared to pure PANI. Bioactivity tests against E. <i>coli</i>, S. <i>aureus</i>, and C. <i>albicans</i> showed that, overall, composites synthesized using the in situ method exhibited superior bioactivity compared to those synthesized via the ex situ method. Among them, the In Situ PANI/TEOS-Magnetite (IPTM) composite showed the most effective antibacterial and antifungal activity.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 2","pages":"520 - 531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization of ultrasonic fields in cleaning tank by patterns of sol-gel coatings","authors":"Hongwei Yan,&nbsp;Ke Yang,&nbsp;Taixiang Liu,&nbsp;Changpeng Li,&nbsp;Lin Huang,&nbsp;Lin Yao,&nbsp;Zhuo Zhang,&nbsp;Yujie Qian","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06701-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06701-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new method has been developed which can visually display the effect of ultrasonic field in cleaning process. Using colloidal nanoparticles, sol-gel coatings were prepared and subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in water. It was found that periodic patterns appeared in the optical images of the sol-gel coatings. The results from the transmission spectra and atomic force microscopy images demonstrated that the periodic patterns were attributed to the partial removal of the sol-gel coatings. The removal amount of sol-gel coating reflected the spatial distribution of acoustic field in the ultrasonic cleaning tank. A mechanism for the removal of coating composed of nanoparticles was proposed based on experimental observations. In the initial stage, cavitation played a main role in detaching coating, while in the later stage, the movement of cavitation bubbles accelerated coating removal.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>The graphical abstract shows the optical image of the double-layer silica coating as coated, where color variations in different areas are due to the non-uniformity of the film thickness. After being ultrasonically cleaned at 980 kHz, the optical image clearly shows periodic alternating stripes. The stripe and lattice in the figure reflect the spatial distribution of the acoustic field, with the periodic lattice suggesting the formation of a stable standing wave field in the cleaning tank. The double-layer silica coating was prepared from two silica sols labeled as Sols A and B. TEM images of the colloidal particles shows the Sol A used for the bottom layer of the double-layer coating has an average particle size of approximately 14 nm. And the Sol B used for the top layer of the double-layer coating has an average particle size of approximately 12 nm. The TEM image of the double-layer coating reveals that the double-layer structure has a clear interface between the bottom and top layers. The AFM image of the coating after megasonic cleaning reveals larger pits and through groove. The largest pit has depth of 100 nm and width of 4 μm, while the through groove has depth of 100 nm and maximum width of 6 μm. The profile curve along the white line reveals that there are consistent depths between large pits and grooves.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 2","pages":"508 - 519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of MnTe electrocatalytic properties via Sm doping strategy employed for OER application","authors":"Aqsa Maheen,&nbsp;Sarah A. Alsalhi,&nbsp;Kiran Tahir,&nbsp;Abhinav Kumar,&nbsp;RSK Sharma,&nbsp;Piyus Kumar Pathak,&nbsp;Suman Saini,&nbsp;Vivek Kumar Pandey,&nbsp;Rajesh Haldhar","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06670-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06670-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary focus for hydrogen (H₂) energy production is to develop economical and efficient catalysts. This study described hydrothermal synthesis of samarium (Sm) doped manganese telluride (MnTe) in which Sm-doping significantly improved MnTe’s OER performance in aqueous basic medium (1.0 M KOH). Several investigations revealed that Sm-doped MnTe had an orthorhombic structure, an outstanding surface area of 45 m²/g, and morphology of highly agglomerated nanoparticles. The optimized Sm-doped MnTe demonstrates best OER activity compared to pure MnTe exhibits a reduced OER onset potential of 1.44 V, overpotential (177 mV) at 10 mA/cm², minimal Tafel value (34 mV/dec), and small charge-transfer resistance (0.06 Ω) respectively. It demonstrates durability over a period of 40 h and retains stability even after completing 3000 cycles. These findings highlight that integration of rare-earth dopant samarium (Sm) into metal tellurides can be effective in improving their performance in optimizing the OER for energy conversion applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 2","pages":"496 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled annealing for enhanced structural stability and luminescence of sol-gel synthesized Gd2.37Y0.6Al5O12: Ce0.03 nanopowders","authors":"Karima Hammoum,&nbsp;Samir Hamrit,&nbsp;Allaoua Boukerika,&nbsp;Lydia Zaidi,&nbsp;Youssef Larbah,&nbsp;Djamel Eddine Kdib","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06700-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06700-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we report the synthesis of cerium-doped gadolinium yttrium aluminum garnet powders with chemical formula Gd_2.37Y_0.6Al₅O₁₂:Ce_0.03 via the sol-gel method. The effect of annealing temperature on the stability of the garnet phase was thoroughly investigated. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), were employed to assess these effects. XRD analysis demonstrated a marked improvement in the stability and crystallinity of the garnet phase with increasing annealing temperatures. FESEM images revealed the evolution of interconnected quasi-spherical particles, with a significant enlargement in average particle size correlating with higher annealing temperatures. PL spectra displayed a broad emission band attributable to Ce³⁺ transitions within the garnet matrix. Notably, the emission intensity exhibited a substantial enhancement with elevated annealing temperatures, which can be attributed to the increased crystallinity and a higher proportion of the garnet phase. These findings underscore the critical role of annealing temperature in optimizing the structural and luminescent properties of Gd_2.37Y_0.6Al₅O₁₂:Ce_0.03 nanopowders.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>The effect of annealing temperature on the stability of the garnet Gd_2.37Y_0.6Al₅O₁₂:Ce_0.03 and luminescence, structural, morphological properties.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 2","pages":"486 - 495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}