Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis and characterisation of activated carbon supported catalysts: photocatalytic degradation of olive wastewater solutions using these catalysts","authors":"Huseyn Osman,&nbsp;Selman İlteriş Yılmaz,&nbsp;Mehmet Uğurlu,&nbsp;Ali İmran Vaizoğullar,&nbsp;Abdul Jabbar Chaudhary","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06833-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06833-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize four different types of activated carbon supported catalysts and evaluate their effectiveness in the photocatalytic degradation of olive mill wastewater (OMW) generated during the olive oil production process. The four photocatalysts synthesized by using the sol-gel method were: TiO₂/AC, V₂O₅/TiO₂/AC, WO₃/TiO₂/AC and V₂O₅/WO₃/TiO₂/AC. The photocatalysts were characterised by using TEM, SEM, XRD, FTIR analytical technniques and BET analyses. The degradation performance of these calatalysts was evaluated by investigating the the removal of pollutants such as color, phenol, lignin and COD from OMW. In addition, the effects on photocatalytic degradation were investigated in detail by considering the catalyst type, catalyst amount, suspension pH and contact time. From the experimental results, V₂O₅/TiO₂/AC catalyst showed superior performance compared to the remaining catalysts. In order to increase the oxidation effect, ozone (O₃) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were used as supporting oxidising agents either together or separately in some experiments. When ozone and UV were used together, the highest removal rates for color, phenol, lignin and COD were 87%, 91%, 60% and 70%, respectively, and when the catalyst and H₂O₂ were used together, the highest removal rates were 24%, 55%, 35% and 42%, respectively, for color, phenol, lignin and COD. When the catalyst, UV/O₃ and H₂O₂ were used together, the removal rates for color, phenol, lignin and COD were 95%, 90%, 60% and 58%, respectively, after 6 hours. Under optimum conditions, photocatalytic degradation of various pollutants in the presence of supporting oxidants such as O₃ and H₂O₂ reached almost 80–95%. In conclusion, the findings of this research address a major environmental concern in the treatment of OMW by presenting an innovative catalytic method for the effective degradation of OMW wastewater.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1428 - 1448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10971-025-06833-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of electrochemical property by neodymium-doped nickel vanadium oxide","authors":"Arooj Fatima,&nbsp;Soumaya Gouadria,&nbsp;Arvind Yadav,&nbsp;Jayanti Makasana,&nbsp;Suhas Ballal,&nbsp;Sachin Jaidka,&nbsp;Piyus Kumar Pathak,&nbsp;Rahul Raj Chaudhary,&nbsp;Vijaya L. Mishra,&nbsp;Abhinav Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06811-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06811-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of an efficient electrocatalyst is significant to enhance the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and stock electrical energy as H₂ fuel. Hence, the formation of a cost-effective process for an efficient OER electrocatalyst, distinguished by several active regions, large surface area (SA) and outstanding stability is crucial for improving hydrogen generation and its availability. This work displays the fabrication of neodymium-doped nickel vanadium oxide (Nd-Ni₂V₂O₇) via a hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to confirm the structural characteristics and morphological properties of fabricated materials. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results displayed that Nd-Ni₂V₂O₇ had specific surface area (SSA). The Nd-Ni₂V₂O₇ showed Tafel plot (39 mV/dec) with lower overpotential (η) of 211 mV at standard current density (C_d) (10 mA/cm²). The Nd-Ni₂V₂O₇ displayed remarkable stability after the 3,000^th cycle and reduced impedance characteristics (i.e.solution resistance (R_s) of 0.32 Ω). The attained results displayed that addition of Nd dopant to Ni₂V₂O₇ enhanced the OER performance of the prepared pyrochlore. This research provides improved OER electrocatalysts and a wider understanding of relationship between pyrochlore’s structure and performance for more practical energy-generating devices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 2","pages":"752 - 764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced the structural, optical, electrical, and dielectric properties of PEO/CMC blend via TiO2 and ZnO nanoceramics: nanocomposites for capacitor applications","authors":"Abdu Saeed,&nbsp;Reem Alwafi,&nbsp;Fawziah Alajmi,&nbsp;Norah T. S. Albogamy,&nbsp;G. M. Asnag,&nbsp;Abeer M. Alosaimi,&nbsp;Noorah Ahmed Al-Ahmadi,&nbsp;Aeshah Salem","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06852-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06852-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flexible and high-performance dielectric materials are critical for modern energy storage systems. Herein, polymer nanocomposite (PNC) films, based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) blend, were reinforced with TiO₂/ZnO nanoceramics. The nanoceramics were synthesized via a sol-gel route and incorporated into the PEO/CMC matrix at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1.6 wt.% through the solution casting method. Structural analysis confirmed successful nanofiller incorporation, reducing crystallinity from 86.9% to 65.7% and increasing amorphous content. FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed interfacial interactions, decreasing optical band gaps and increasing Urbach energy, indicative of enhanced defect states. Dielectric performance of the PEO/CMC-TiO₂/ZnO PNC film with nanofillers’ content of 1.6 wt.% was markedly improved, with ε′ exceeding 10⁴ and tanδ reduced below 1.5 at low frequencies at an applied electric field of 50 kV.cm⁻¹. Where the capacitance–frequency analysis showed a notable increase in capacitance (0.1 μF to 8 μF), while electric modulus and Jonscher exponent analysis revealed a transition from dipolar to interfacial polarization and a conduction shift toward localized hopping. These enhancements position the TiO₂/ZnO-reinforced PEO/CMC system as a viable material for high-performance dielectric capacitors.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 2","pages":"732 - 751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to low-temperature gas sensing using sol-gel spin-coated (NiO:ZnO:SnO2) thin films for NO2, H2S, and NH3 detection","authors":"Karrar. Saad. Mohammed,&nbsp;J. ALzanganawee,&nbsp;Asaad A. Kamil","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06848-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06848-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research used a sol-gel spin-coating technique to synthesize thin films for gas sensors capable of detecting nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia. The films were composed of nickel oxide (NiO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and tin oxide (SnO₂) in volumetric ratios of (5:5:90), (10:10:80), (15:15:70), and (20:20:60). X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman investigations revealed a nanometric polycrystalline structure consisting of tetragonal rutile, hexagonal ilmenite, and cubic bunsenite phases. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) demonstrated average nanoscale spherical grains measuring between 20 nm and 40 nm, alongside an increase in roughness from 4.830 nm to 20.29 nm at higher mixing ratios, hence augmenting gas adsorption. The films exhibited a decrease in absorbance with increasing wavelength, with band gap energies measured at 3.45 eV, 3.38 eV, 3.19 eV, and 3.39 eV. Photoluminescence (PL) results demonstrate that the intensity of photoluminescence decreases as the amounts of Ni and Zn increase. Hall effect tests demonstrate that electrical mobility rises from 4.45 × 10⁻⁴ to 1.98 × 10² (cm²/V·s), corresponding with the minimum energy-gap value at elevated Ni and Zn mixing ratios. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Sn⁴⁺, and O²⁻ in the films. XPS measurements indicate a significant peak with a binding energy of 529.44 eV, linked to oxygen vacancies. EDS elemental mapping reveals that the surfaces of the coated thin films are abundant in oxygen, implying that the adsorption process may enhance their sensitivity to H₂S, NO₂, and NH₃ gases. These porous (NiO:ZnO: SnO₂) thin films exhibit sufficient selectivity in detecting H₂S, NO₂, and NH₃ at room temperature, exceeding the detection capabilities for xylene, toluene, and isopropyl alcohol gases. The results demonstrated that the mixing ratios substantially influenced the growth features of the nanostructured thin films, their crystalline structure, and the carrier concentration, enhancing their efficacy as gas sensors. Measurements exhibited elevated sensitivity and selectivity at ultralow temperatures. The porous synthesized nanocomposite spin-coated thin films display distinct uniform spherical structures and the establishment of p-n-p heterojunctions at the interface of Ni-Zn-Sn metal oxides, illustrating their effectiveness as metal oxide semiconductors for detecting H₂S, NO₂, and NH₃ at room temperature.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 2","pages":"688 - 712"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging the synergistic effects of SnWO4 and MoS2 for enhanced specific capacitance in energy storage devices, improved dielectric properties, and efficient photocatalytic dye degradation","authors":"Ali Mujtaba,&nbsp;M. I. Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Tariq Nadeem,&nbsp;Muhammad Naeem,&nbsp;Lamia ben Farhat,&nbsp;Dhafer O. Alshahrani","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06840-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06840-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A SnWO₄@MoS₂ heterostructure was successfully synthesized via a green hydrothermal method using Aloe vera extract, resulting in a well-integrated interface that enhances charge transport and electrochemical performance. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of the heterostructure with an increased d-spacing upto 6.18 Å. The composite exhibited a narrowed optical band gap of 2.47 eV, as revealed by UV-vis analysis, promoting improved charge separation. Photocatalytic experiments demonstrated the greatest degree of degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light with SnWO₄@MoS₂, outperforming individual SnWO₄ and MoS₂ components. Electrochemical tests showed a high specific capacitance (C_sp) of 1732 F/g at 1.6 A/g and a low charge transfer resistance (R_ct) of 1.09 Ω, indicating excellent conductivity and ion diffusion. Dielectric analysis revealed a frequency-dependent dielectric constant and enhanced AC conductivity, further supporting its multifunctionality. These results establish SnWO₄@MoS₂ as a promising material for simultaneous application in high-performance supercapacitors and photocatalytic wastewater treatment.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p><b>Explanation:</b> SnWO₄@MoS₂ has the improved structural and electrochemical properties, such as enhanced d-spacing, capacitance, and ion diffusion.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 2","pages":"713 - 731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in sol–gel synthesis of oxide perovskites for energy and functional applications: a mini review","authors":"Sonia soltani,&nbsp;Najwa Idris A. Ahmed,&nbsp;Anouar Jbeli,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Aldukhayel,&nbsp;Nouf Ahmed Althumairi","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06842-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06842-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oxide perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their remarkable structural flexibility and tunable functional properties, making them highly relevant for applications in energy conversion, storage, and sensing technologies. Among the various synthesis routes, the sol–gel method stands out as a low-cost, scalable, and chemically versatile approach for fabricating high-purity, homogeneously mixed perovskite materials with controlled morphology and stoichiometry. This mini-review presents recent advances in the sol–gel synthesis of oxide perovskites, emphasizing how processing parameters such as precursor chemistry, solvent systems, chelating agents, and thermal treatments influence the final structure and functionality of the materials. Focus is placed on the application of sol–gel-derived oxide perovskites in fuel cells, photocatalysis, and other energy-related systems. In addition, recent progress in nanoscale characterization techniques, such as lithium mapping and high-resolution Raman spectroscopy is discussed, highlighting their role in revealing structure–property relationships in nanostructured perovskites. Challenges such as phase stability, scalability, and reproducibility are addressed, along with prospects for future research in tailoring sol–gel chemistry and advanced analysis methods for next-generation functional devices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 2","pages":"663 - 687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic approach of biochar valorisation for silica nanoparticles in photocatalysis and residual ash as efficient heterogeneous catalysis","authors":"S. Srivarshan,&nbsp;K. Aravind,&nbsp;M. Saravanan,&nbsp;Gautham B. Jegadeesan,&nbsp;A. Arumugam","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06853-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06853-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biochar, a valuable byproduct from food processing containing up to 37% silica, serves as an excellent source for extracting this versatile material with exceptional thermal insulation, absorption capacity, and mechanical strength. The alkali fusion method has emerged as the most efficient extraction technique, achieving 88% purity, which was significantly higher than conventional alkali methods. Through Response Surface Methodology optimization, maximum silica yield (65.27%) was obtained under ideal conditions: 1:1 Biochar:NaOH ratio, 15:1 liquid-to-solid ratio, 100 °C reaction temperature, and 6-hour duration. The extracted silica can be processed into high-quality nanoparticles featuring a pore volume of 0.18 cm³/g and average pore size of 18.4 nm, as confirmed by comprehensive characterization using thermogravimetry, XRD, and SEM analysis. Beyond silica production, this sustainable approach enables complete utilization of biochar, as the residual ash demonstrates effective catalytic properties for biodiesel production from <i>Ceiba pentandra</i> (Kapok) oil, with successful conversion verified by FTIR and GC-MS techniques. Furthermore, the silica nanoparticles exhibit remarkable environmental applications when doped with cerium oxide (1 g/L), achieving 94.81% degradation of toxic Methylene Blue dye (100 mg/L) within 90 min under UV light through photocatalytic processes. The dual utility of biochar for both high-purity silica extraction and subsequent catalytic applications presents an economically viable and environmentally sustainable solution that addresses waste management challenges while meeting industrial material demands.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 2","pages":"633 - 650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of gallium dopant on the structure, surface morphology, optical band gap and photoluminescence properties of ZnO-polystyrene nanocomposites","authors":"Sajjad Ali Ameen,&nbsp;Mahmood Salim Karim,&nbsp;Adel H. Omran Alkhayatt","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06723-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06723-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study details the synthesis of un-doped and gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) (2, 4, and 6) wt% nanoparticles (NPs) via hydrothermal approaches at a reaction temperature and novel reaction time of 160 °C and 5 h, respectively. Furthermore, ZnO-polystyrene (ZO-PS) and GZO-PS nanocomposite (NCs) films were fabricated using the casting method. X-ray diffraction results revealed that all synthesized nanocomposite films exhibit polycrystalline structures of the ZnO hexagonal wurtzite phase. A broad and low-intensity peak was observed at diffraction angles of approximately (15–23)° related to the semi-crystalline structure of polystyrene polymer. The crystallite size and the micro-strain were determined utilizing the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods, showing an increase (26–34) nm and (2.4–3.9) × 10^–3 and varied with the rise in Ga content. The presence of functional groups in polymer systems was confirmed through (FTIR) spectral analysis. The topographical characteristics of the prepared nanocomposite films indicated that the roughness and root mean square (r.m.s) roughness increased from 1.89 to 2.31 nm and from 1.54 to 1.87 nm, respectively, with an increase in Ga dopant content. The surface morphology of the prepared nanocomposites from FESEM images showed nanostructured grains formed by agglomerated particles, and the particle size is about 42 and 46 nm for ZnO-PS and GZO-PS nanocomposites respectively. The nanocomposite samples demonstrated that the particles are well dispersed within the PS polymeric compounds. The optical absorption edge of ZnO-PS red-shifted and the forbidden direct energy band gap was reduced from 4.4 eV to 3.74 eV at a Ga content of 6 wt %. Furthermore, photoluminescence studies of the produced nanocomposite films demonstrated bright blue light emission.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 2","pages":"651 - 662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase stability and band-gap engineering of pure TiO2 for visible light photocatalyst via photon-induced method","authors":"S. Tamilarasu,&nbsp;Moganesh Govindhan","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06844-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06844-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study compares undoped TiO₂ nanoparticles made using two wet-chemical methods: sol-gel(SG) and photon-induced methods (PIM). The focus is on phase stability and bandgap control for visible-light photocatalysis. TiO₂ synthesized using the PIM method retained the anatase phase even after heating to 750 °C. In contrast, the SG method primarily produced the rutile phase. X-ray diffraction(XRD) confirmed this phase stability. The PIM process helps prevent the transformation from anatase to rutile by controlling heat through light exposure. Morphological studies showed that PIM-made particles were more uniform and better dispersed. This reduced clumping and increased surface area. Optical analysis revealed a reduced bandgap of 2.96 eV for the PIM-synthesized TiO₂ samples, likely resulting from defect states, oxygen-rich conditions, or other non-stoichiometric features introduced during the synthesis process. Photocatalytic tests showed that PIM-TiO₂ degraded methylene blue(MB) by 96.5%, which was much better than the 56% achieved by SG-TiO₂. This is likely due to better separation of charge carriers and improved structure from photon-assisted synthesis. Overall, the photon-induced method is more energy-efficient and produces better-performing TiO₂ photocatalysts. These materials have potential uses in pollution control, solar energy, and advanced materials.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 2","pages":"622 - 632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the low coercivity of Ni-Cu doped lithium ferrites for multilayer chip inductors","authors":"Muhammad Haseeb,&nbsp;M. U. Islam,&nbsp;Muhammad Danish,&nbsp;Muhammad Waqas,&nbsp;Shahid Atiq,&nbsp;Farooq Ahmad,&nbsp;Aaqase Nabigh,&nbsp;Saira Riaz,&nbsp;I. H. Gul,&nbsp;Mudassar Hussain,&nbsp; Iqra,&nbsp;Maria Sadiq,&nbsp;Mohammad Alsharef,&nbsp;Ahmed Althobaiti","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06849-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06849-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigates the effectiveness of lithium ferrites co-doped with nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) in multilayer chip inductors, a key component in microelectronic devices. “Li_0.5-x/2(Ni_0.5Cu_0.5)_xFe_2.5-x/2O₄ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0),” Ni and Cu co-substituted lithium ferrite (LNCF) was synthesized using an economical sol-gel method and sintered at 1100 °C. XRD investigations revealed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure, with a lattice constant “<i>a</i>” in the range of 8.364–8.284 Å. A reduction in the lattice constant “<i>a</i>” <i>and unit cell volume</i> “<i>V</i>”<i>and a decrease in hopping lengths (LA and LB) were</i> observed with Ni-Cu, accompanied by increased porosity. The crystallite size “<i>D</i>” initially increases and decreases with the rising doping concentration. The SEM images revealed the presence of aggregated nanoparticles suitable for low-coercivity multilayer chip inductors. Magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization (M_s), remanence (M_r), coercivity (H_c), squareness ratio (S.R.), and anisotropy constant (K) have been measured from hysteresis loops. The observed highest value of M_s was 7.88 emu/g for the synthesized LNCF with x = 1.0. The H_c value falls within a few hundred Oe range, which is crucial for multilayer chip inductor applications. Moreover, S.R. &lt; 1, which indicates a single-domain structure of LNCF. The magnetoresistance was more significant when a magnetic field was applied than when it was not. A progressive decline in the magnetic susceptibility <i>(</i><span>({chi }_{m})</span><i>)</i> of all the synthesized spinel ferrites was observed as the temperature increased due to the disorder of spin orientation at the Curie temperature (T_c). The noted T_c value of all samples ranged from 433 to 453 K. This research highlights Ni-Cu co-doped lithium ferrites endowed with multiple functionalities, making them ideal candidates for applications such as multilayer chip inductors and recording media.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 2","pages":"610 - 621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}