Phase stability and band-gap engineering of pure TiO2 for visible light photocatalyst via photon-induced method

IF 3.2 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI:10.1007/s10971-025-06844-z

S. Tamilarasu, Moganesh Govindhan

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Abstract

This study compares undoped TiO₂ nanoparticles made using two wet-chemical methods: sol-gel(SG) and photon-induced methods (PIM). The focus is on phase stability and bandgap control for visible-light photocatalysis. TiO₂ synthesized using the PIM method retained the anatase phase even after heating to 750 °C. In contrast, the SG method primarily produced the rutile phase. X-ray diffraction(XRD) confirmed this phase stability. The PIM process helps prevent the transformation from anatase to rutile by controlling heat through light exposure. Morphological studies showed that PIM-made particles were more uniform and better dispersed. This reduced clumping and increased surface area. Optical analysis revealed a reduced bandgap of 2.96 eV for the PIM-synthesized TiO₂ samples, likely resulting from defect states, oxygen-rich conditions, or other non-stoichiometric features introduced during the synthesis process. Photocatalytic tests showed that PIM-TiO₂ degraded methylene blue(MB) by 96.5%, which was much better than the 56% achieved by SG-TiO₂. This is likely due to better separation of charge carriers and improved structure from photon-assisted synthesis. Overall, the photon-induced method is more energy-efficient and produces better-performing TiO₂ photocatalysts. These materials have potential uses in pollution control, solar energy, and advanced materials.

Graphical Abstract

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纯TiO2可见光催化剂的相稳定性及带隙工程

本研究比较了两种湿化学方法制备的未掺杂TiO2纳米粒子：溶胶-凝胶法（SG）和光子诱导法（PIM）。重点研究可见光光催化的相稳定性和带隙控制。PIM法合成的TiO2在加热到750℃后仍保持锐钛矿相。相反，SG法主要生成金红石相。x射线衍射（XRD）证实了该相的稳定性。PIM工艺通过光照控制热量，有助于防止锐钛矿向金红石的转变。形态学研究表明，pim制备的颗粒更均匀，分散性更好。这减少了结块，增加了表面积。光学分析显示，pim合成的TiO2样品的带隙减小了2.96 eV，这可能是由于缺陷态、富氧条件或合成过程中引入的其他非化学计量特征所致。光催化实验表明，PIM-TiO2对亚甲基蓝（MB）的降解率为96.5%，明显优于SG-TiO2的56%。这可能是由于更好的分离载流子和改进的结构从光子辅助合成。综上所述，光子诱导方法效率更高，制备出性能更好的TiO2光催化剂。这些材料在污染控制、太阳能和先进材料方面具有潜在的用途。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

4.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.