Journal of Nanoparticle Research最新文献

{"title":"Asymmetric poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide-b-poly(ethylene glycol) triblock copolymer micelles for dual delivery of paclitaxel and cisplatin: in vitro release, degradation, and biological evaluation","authors":"Rongye Li,&nbsp;Congying Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaoping Song,&nbsp;Xiaodong Zhang,&nbsp;Marwa Hamdi,&nbsp;Jiahong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06737-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06737-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent advances in polymeric nanocarriers have highlighted the potential of amphiphilic block copolymers for the simultaneous delivery of chemotherapeutic agents with different physicochemical properties. In this study, asymmetric poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-<i>b</i>-PLA-<i>b</i>-PEG) triblock copolymers were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization, end-group functionalization, and click coupling, and subsequently evaluated as biodegradable nanocarriers for the co-delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) and cisplatin (CDDP). The copolymers were characterized by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Self-assembly in aqueous media yielded spherical micelles with uniform size distributions, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The micelles exhibited efficient encapsulation of PTX and CDDP with high drug-loading capacities and encapsulation efficiencies. Hydrolytic degradation studies conducted at 37 °C for 45 days revealed progressive cleavage of the ester bond, reduction in molecular weight, and gradual disintegration of the micellar structure. In vitro release studies of single- and dual-drug-loaded micelles demonstrated sustained release of both drugs over time. Analysis of the release data using the Korsmeyer–Peppas model provided insight into the release behavior and suggested contributions from both diffusion and polymer degradation processes. The biocompatibility of the unloaded triblock copolymer micelles was assessed through cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and zebrafish embryo assays, which indicated low intrinsic toxicity and minimal hemolytic activity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PEG-<i>b</i>-PLA-<i>b</i>-PEG triblock copolymer micelles can be recognized as biodegradable carriers capable of dual-drug encapsulation and sustained release, providing a useful platform for further investigation of combination drug delivery systems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Asymmetric PEG-<i>b</i>-PLA-<i>b</i>-PEG triblock copolymers were synthesized and self-assembled into uniform micelles capable of co-encapsulating Paclitaxel and Cisplatin. The micellar architecture provided controlled degradation and synchronized dual-drug release over 45 days. The combination of tunable structure, sustained release, and excellent biocompatibility highlights these triblock copolymer micelles as efficient nanocarriers for combinational cancer therapy</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of water chemistry on the aggregation, disaggregation, and regrowth behaviors of ZnO nanoparticles in aqueous environments","authors":"Xingao Hu,&nbsp;Yuxiang Wang,&nbsp;Song Wang,&nbsp;Liqiang Tan","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06746-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06746-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing application of engineered nanoparticles has heightened concerns regarding their environmental release; gaining a robust understanding of their transport mechanisms, environmental fate, and behavioral dynamics in natural aquatic systems is therefore of particular importance. This study systematically investigated the aggregation and disaggregation behavior of ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid (HA) and/or Ca²⁺ ions across a range of pH values. Additionally, controlled shear conditions were applied to assess the influence of hydrodynamic shear forces on ZnO nanoparticle stability. The addition of HA to the suspensions resulted in a significant decrease in zeta potential and an increase in the hydrodynamic diameter of ZnO nanoparticles, implying the occurrence of charge neutralization between nanoparticles. High shear forces were sufficient to overcome interparticle attractive forces, thereby disaggregating large particle clusters into smaller entities; in contrast, low shear forces promoted nanoparticle aggregation by enhancing collision frequency and efficiency. Higher strength factors (SF) values observed in reaction systems with elevated Ca²⁺ ion concentrations indicated that aggregates formed under such conditions exhibited more compact structures and greater resistance to shear-induced fragmentation. Fluorescence spectra analysis indicated that the compact structure of ZnO nanoparticles formed under high Ca²⁺ ion concentrations was most likely due to the strong chemical binding with HA and bridging mechanisms involving divalent cations formed during the aggregation process. The findings of this study provide a mechanistic basis for predicting the environmental fate and transport behavior of ZnO nanoparticles in natural aquatic environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon nanostructures in a carbon-rich mineral: evidence for formation under extreme conditions","authors":"Selene Acosta,&nbsp;Roberto Bartali,&nbsp;José Ramón Torres-Hernández,&nbsp;Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi,&nbsp;Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,&nbsp;Verónica Pérez-Luna,&nbsp;Mildred Quintana","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06741-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06741-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report a carbon-rich mineral from San Luis Potosí, México, characterized by an unusual morphology and a complex carbonaceous composition. Spectroscopic and electron microscopy characterization reveals diverse carbon nanostructures within the mineral, including graphene-like lamellae, nanotube-like structures, carbon nano-onions, and nanodiamond-like domains. The coexistence of sp²- and sp³-bonded carbon phases and their structural heterogeneity are consistent with formation or transformation under extreme, nonequilibrium conditions rather than conventional crustal processes. The occurrence of these carbon nanostructures is associated with the presence of iron (Fe) particles in the mineral, suggesting Fe-mediated catalytic processes that may operate via vapor–solid–solid (VSS)-type mechanisms at elevated temperatures. Beyond their formation pathways, the identification and characterization of natural sources of carbon nanostructures carry important environmental implications. Elucidating the mechanisms governing their natural genesis, independent of synthetic routes, is therefore essential for evaluating their potential abundance, mobility, and impact in environmental systems. These findings provide insight into carbon organization and transformation pathways within a geological framework, bridging concepts from materials science, nanoscience, mineralogy, and geology.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral phase-dependent nanoecotoxicity of iron-based nanoparticles in Lactuca sativa: differential effects on seed germination and early seedling growth","authors":"Maycon L. de Oliveira,&nbsp;Juliana Cancino-Bernardi,&nbsp;Márcia A. M. S. da Veiga","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06739-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06739-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The widespread application of iron-based nanoparticles (FeNPs) in industrial, medical, and agricultural fields has intensified global concern over their environmental release and potential toxicological effects. Nanoecotoxicology has emerged as a specialized field within toxicological sciences focused on elucidating the interactions between nanomaterials and living organisms and assessing ecosystem-level impacts. In this study, we investigated the mineral phase-dependent toxicity of FeNPs using seeds of <i>Lactuca sativa</i> L. var. Mimosa Verde exposed to concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 50 mg/L of hematite, goethite, magnetite, akaganeite, and kremersite nanoparticles. Toxicity was evaluated through germination percentage, radicle and hypocotyl elongation, and benchmark dose (BMD) modeling to quantify tissue-specific sensitivity. Magnetite nanoparticles completely inhibited germination, whereas other mineral phases promoted radicle elongation at low concentrations (&lt; 20 mg/L) compared to controls, while simultaneously suppressing hypocotyl growth. Tissue-specific differences in sensitivity were confirmed by BMD analysis (at a ± 5% threshold). These results demonstrate that the nanoecotoxicological responses to FeNPs are strongly dependent on their mineral phase, underscoring the importance of incorporating crystallographic characteristics in environmental risk assessments. This knowledge is critical for the application and regulatory evaluation of nanomaterials, ensuring minimal unintended impacts on plant development and ecosystem health.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11051-026-06739-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-responsive nano-controlled-release agents loaded with thiabendazole in MIL-101(Fe): preparation, characterization, and smart release behavior","authors":"Sinan Liu,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Fulin Lü,&nbsp;Shuzhen Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06732-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06732-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Fusarium graminearum</i> is a pathogenic fungus responsible for significant plant diseases. To combat infections caused by this pathogen, we designed a pH-responsive nano-pesticide thiabendazole@MIL-101(Fe). Through systematic optimization of the loading parameters, the optimal preparation conditions were determined as follows: the thiabendazole solution concentration was 3 mg/mL, the amount of carrier used was 0.0400 g, and the loading time was 6 h. Structural characterization revealed that MIL-101(Fe) possesses a uniform octahedral structure with a smooth surface. Thiabendazole was successfully loaded into its pores without damaging the crystal structure of MIL-101(Fe). Regarding release behavior, thiabendazole@MIL-101(Fe) exhibited significant pH-responsive characteristics. After 238 h, the cumulative release rate of thiabendazole reached 74.08% at pH = 5.0, while the cumulative release rates at pH = 7.0 and 9.0 were 62.17% and 57.22%, respectively. The release kinetics study showed that the release process of thiabendazole@MIL-101(Fe) followed a first-order model. Furthermore, Ritger-Peppas model fitting suggested that the release mechanism is consistent with Fickian diffusion across pH = 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0. The prepared thiabendazole@MIL-101(Fe) displayed antibacterial activity comparable to that of conventional SC Thi and exhibited no adverse effects on wheat seed germination or seedling growth. This study provides new ideas and methods for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly nano-pesticides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CuO and CuS nanoparticles: facile synthesis, antilarvicidal potential on mosquito larvae, and ecotoxicological evaluation","authors":"Pranali Hande,&nbsp;Dnyaneshwar Shinde,&nbsp;Ranjeeta Chatterjee,&nbsp;Nilesh Thikekar","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06733-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06733-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, metal-containing nanoparticles have attracted attention due to their novel physiological and pesticidal activity. Vector-borne diseases, including dengue, malaria, and chikungunya, persist as a considerable global health threat, requiring the formulation of economical and eco-friendly control strategies. In this study, we have presented facile gram-scale synthesis of CuO and CuS Nanoparticles (NPs) and their larvicidal potential against <i>Aedes Aegypti</i> larvae. This study involved the synthesis of CuO and CuS nanoparticles (NPs) at room temperature and their characterization using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The NPs were tested for larvicidal activity in controlled laboratory conditions against <i>Ae. Aegypti.</i> Furthermore, their ecotoxicological effects on the non-target organism, <i>P. reticulata</i>, were assessed using acute toxicity tests and histopathological examinations of gill and digestive tissues. Mortality rates of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> larvae and <i>P. reticulata</i> were recorded at 24 h intervals across varying concentrations of NPs. The Lethal Concentrations (LC₅₀) for <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and <i>P. reticulata</i> were obtained from experimental data. Among the tested NPs, CuS exhibited the highest larvicidal activity against <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, causing a mean mortality rate of 63.33% at 5 ppm within 24 h, with a calculated LC₅₀ value of 3.70 ppm, while 5 ppm may be considered a promising concentration due to its larvicidal activity. These findings indicated that CuO, CuS and CuO-CuS NPs are promising and environmentally friendly materials for mosquito control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusion kinetics and thermomechanical behavior of Ni–Pd core–shell nanoparticles: insights from molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Taslima Hossain Sanjana,&nbsp;Sadia Afrin,&nbsp;Mohammad Nasim Hasan","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06727-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06727-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Core–shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) have emerged as an attractive class of nanomaterials owing to their ability to engineer structure–property relationships through controlled compositional design. Among them, Ni–Pd CSNPs integrate the high strength and low cost of Ni with the superior thermal stability and chemical inertness of Pd. Despite their technological relevance, the coupled thermomechanical behavior governing their structural integrity remains poorly understood. In this study, classical molecular dynamics simulations employing a 2NN MEAM potential and segmental heating protocol were performed to investigate the effects of core-volume fraction (<i>V</i>_<i>f</i> = 33%, 50%, and 67%) and heating rate (<i>β</i> = 1, 1.6, and 2 K/ps) on the thermal and mechanical response of Ni–Pd CSNPs. The results reveal that thermal stability is governed primarily by composition rather than heating rate. All CSNPs exhibited lower melting temperatures than their monometallic counterparts, with the 33% <i>V</i>_<i>f</i> configuration showing the highest thermal stability and the 67% <i>V</i>_<i>f</i> configuration exhibiting the earliest melting and coalescence. Structural analyses further showed that increasing Ni core fraction promotes atomic disorder, diffusion, and densification during fusion. Mechanically, the resolidified CSNPs mitigate the intrinsic strength–ductility trade-off observed in pure Ni and Pd nanoparticles, simultaneously achieving high tensile strength (14.7–15.0 GPa) and substantial ductility (up to 11.7%). The 50% <i>V</i>_<i>f</i> configuration provided the most favorable balance of strength and ductility. Furthermore, all CSNPs exceeded rule of mixtures (ROM) predictions, with tensile strength enhancements of up to + 6.6%, indicating significant interface-induced strengthening effects. The findings establish the Ni–Pd interface as an active design element capable of co-optimizing thermal resilience, strength, and ductility, offering valuable guidance for the development of next-generation multifunctional nanomaterials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An optical study of the electronic transitions in CdTe/MnS nanoheterostructures","authors":"Raul Fernando Cuevas,&nbsp;Silvio Jose Prado,&nbsp;Victor Ciro Solano Reynoso,&nbsp;Miguel Angel Gonzalez Balanta","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06729-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06729-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CdTe/MnS core/shell nanoheterostructure is a novel nanomaterial with excellent properties for the use in fluorescence sensors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), molecular imaging, and biomedical diagnostics. The MnS coating on the surface of the CdTe core is formed by a spontaneous self-assembly mechanism promoted by the degradation of thioglycolic acid (TGA), which acts as a source of S^2- ions. Due to the high surface area to volume ratio characteristic of this nanoheterostructure, it is possible to construct a multifunctional “intelligent” nanoplatform for theranostic functions, combining diagnostic and therapeutic functions in a single platform. In this work, the electronic transitions in CdTe/MnS nanoheterostructure synthesized in aqueous solution were studied. Optical measurements revealed quantum confinement and confirmed the formation of the nanoparticles. The absorption optical (Abs) spectrum reveals the presence of three bands and an electronic gap in the range of 2.3 to 2.4 eV for all samples, whose values are consistent with those obtained with the Photoluminescence (PL) and Photoluminescence Excitation measurements (PLE). In the framework of k·p theory, we accomplish detailed calculations of electronic structure, transition energies, optical selection rules, and their corresponding intra- and interband oscillator strengths. For a better description of the transitions between bound states associated with the presence of the nanoheterostrutures and between bound and extended states in the conduction band, we use the multiband k·p method to calculate energy level structures. Therefore, this work presents exciting findings regarding the electronic transitions of nanoparticles and brings a methodology to analyze together the results from two absorption techniques, PLE and Abs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11051-026-06729-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution-phase engineering of PbTe-Ag2Te and PbTe-Cu1.75 Te superlattice nanowires","authors":"Debadarshini Samantaray,&nbsp;Sandhra Sajeevan,&nbsp;Anupam Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06731-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06731-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rational design of low-dimensional heterostructures is crucial for next-generation electronic and thermoelectric materials. Here, we report a versatile colloidal-phase strategy for synthesizing one-dimensional PbTe-Ag₂Te and PbTe-Cu₁.₇₅Te superlattice nanowires (SLNWs) using Te-PbTe heterostructure (HS) nanowires as sacrificial templates. Selective conversion of exposed Te segments through reaction-limited dewetting and galvanic replacement enables periodic modulation of composition along the nanowire axis, producing superlattice architectures with atomically sharp interfaces. Systematic control of precursor concentration, solvent environment, and reaction time allows precise tuning of segment thickness, shell formation, and interfacial quality. Structural and microstructural analysis using XRD, FESEM, TEM, and HRTEM confirms single-crystalline PbTe domains epitaxially coupled to Ag₂Te or Cu₁.₇₅Te, with well-defined crystallographic relationships between adjoining phases. The resulting hetero-structured nanowires combine materials with contrasting electronic and photonic characteristics, offering a platform for interface-engineered carrier filtering and phonon scattering. This work establishes a generalizable, solution-based route for fabricating compositionally modulated metal–telluride superlattices and provides insights into the kinetic and thermodynamic factors governing their formation. The approach is broadly applicable for designing tailored nanoscale heterostructures for thermoelectric, optoelectronic, and energy-conversion applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the nanomedicinal potential of antibiotic-loaded metallic nanoparticles against antimicrobial resistance","authors":"Muhammad Tahir Saleh,&nbsp;Amjad Hussain,&nbsp;Faisal Attique,&nbsp;Naveed Ahmad,&nbsp;Kainat Atiq,&nbsp;Muhammad Khan,&nbsp;Shujahat Anwar,&nbsp;Muhammad Naeem Tabassam","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06734-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06734-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobial resistance represents a significant global health challenge, undermining the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and driving the need for innovative antimicrobial strategies. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antibiotics represent promising drug-delivery platforms due to their ability to improve intracellular delivery, enable controlled release, facilitate superior biofilm penetration, and enhance antibiotic stability. These properties collectively increase antibacterial efficacy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of antibiotic-loaded gold (Au), silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), and iron (Fe)-based NPs, focusing on antibiotic-loading approaches, release profiles, antibacterial mechanisms, therapeutic outcomes, biosafety and translational prospects. Comparative analyses demonstrate that the composition and surface modification of NPs significantly influence drug-loading capacity, release kinetics, antibacterial efficacy and cytocompatibility. Ag and ZnO- NPs based systems typically demonstrate strong intrinsic antibacterial effects via ion release, membrane disruption and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while Au and Fe-based nanocarriers offer enhanced biocompatibility, precise drug delivery and greater adaptability for surface modification. Recent research highlights improved antibacterial activity against clinically relevant MDR pathogens including methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, along with superior antibiofilm efficacy. This review also addresses key challenges related to pharmacokinetics, long-term biosafety, manufacturing consistency, regulatory pathways and clinical translation. Collectively, current evidence suggests that the advancement of metallic nanoantibiotics relies on the integrated optimization of nanoparticle composition, surface properties, drug-loading strategies and biosafety considerations. Progress in surface engineering, multifunctional nanocarriers, standardized assessment protocols and clinically relevant preclinical models is anticipated to accelerate the clinical translation of antibiotic-loaded metallic NPs for effective antimicrobial therapy.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}