Journal of Nanoparticle Research最新文献

{"title":"Engineering mesoporous hollow nitrogen-rich graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N5) photocatalyst with ROS-driven photo-degradation of tetracycline and microbial inhibition","authors":"Aslisha Champati,&nbsp;Abanti Pradhan,&nbsp;Brundabana Naik,&nbsp;Pratyush Kumar Sahu,&nbsp;Alaka Rath","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06804-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06804-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, an effective mesoporous g-C₃N₅ photocatalyst was synthesised, displaying enhanced light-harvesting capacity via a hard-template-dependent SiO₂ strategy using a sol–gel process, followed by thermal polymerisation and etching of the SiO₂ hard template. A detailed analysis was conducted to examine how varying SiO₂/g-C₃N₅ mass ratios and the use of a template-free mesoporous g-C₃N₅ (HN5) improved the photocatalytic and antimicrobial dual-functional activity. The morphology and chemical state were analysed using XRD, FTIR, UV-DRS, TEM, SEM, BET, and PL, confirming the successful formation of the nanostructure. The nanostructured HN5 displays a mesoporous architecture with a pore diameter of 29.7 nm, enabling a higher pollutant adsorption rate than bulk g-C₃N₅ (CN5). The phase analysis of the catalyst HN5 indicates increased crystallinity and a more compact morphology, evidenced by a larger 2θ shift. The optical analysis reveals that HN5 exhibits improved light-harvesting properties, with increased absorption relative to bulk CN5, owing to its hollow nanostructure that facilitates multiple internal reflections. The degradation of antibiotic Tetracycline (TYC) pollutants in water systems was assessed through the photocatalytic efficacy of nanostructured materials. The composite effectively photodegrades TYC, with the optimal amount of HN5 (0.02 g) achieving approximately 93.3% degradation at acidic pH 3 within 120 min, further confirmed by the LC–MS analysis resulting in less harmful intermediates. The catalyst demonstrated antimicrobial activity against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> via MIC, inhibition zone, and ROS-mediated cellular leakage. The mechanism includes a radical scavenging test, which confirms •O₂⁻ as the primary reactive species responsible for photocatalytic TYC degradation and antimicrobial activity, with the assistance of mesoporous HN5.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regenerable Ti3C2Tx loaded with Bi2S3@MoS2 for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline","authors":"Huan Xi,&nbsp;Tianqi Gao,&nbsp;Haimeng Huang,&nbsp;Ziming Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06802-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06802-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments poses severe threats to ecological balance and human health. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is a promising strategy for organic-pollutant remediation; nevertheless, single semiconductors are restricted by narrow light-response range and rapid photogenerated-carrier recombination. Herein, a regenerable ternary Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i>/Bi₂S₃@MoS₂ (TBM-2) composite photocatalyst was fabricated via hydrothermal synthesis combined with ultrasonic assembly. A series of characterizations (SEM/TEM, XRD, XPS, BET, UV–vis DRS and photoelectrochemical tests) were performed to investigate morphology, crystal phase, surface chemical state, optical absorption and charge-separation behaviors. The ternary material builds two key interfaces: a staggered type-II Bi₂S₃@MoS₂ heterojunction and a semiconductor-MXene Schottky contact. Benefiting from this dual-interface structure, TBM-2 achieves 81.5 % tetracycline (TC, 20 mg/L) removal efficiency under visible-light irradiation, and shows distinct adsorption selectivity toward cationic and anionic organic dyes, accompanied by limited visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity for partial dye pollutants. After five consecutive cycling tests, nearly 70% TC-removal efficiency is retained, demonstrating good recyclability and anti-photocorrosion performance. Radical quenching experiments verify that photogenerated holes (h⁺) act as the dominant active species, while ·OH serves as an auxiliary radical and ·O₂^- contributes weakly. This work clarifies the carrier-migration mechanism of the dual-interface MXene-sulfide composite and provides a feasible reference for designing recyclable photocatalysts toward antibiotic-wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical characterization of surfactant-stabilized nanobubbles and their effect on crystallization from metastable supersaturated solutions","authors":"Vuk Uskoković","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06793-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06793-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Present to a finite degree in atmospheric liquids, nanoscale air bubbles are fundamentally different in structure from their microscopic counterparts and their effects on chemical reactions have been relatively understudied. The objective of this study was to assess how nanobubbles stabilized by amphiphilic molecules of different ionic nature—including cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nonionic polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20)—affect crystallization from metastable supersaturated solutions. These experiments were preceded by thorough spectroscopic, refractometric and light scattering characterization of ultrapure water containing surfactant-stabilized nanobubbles. &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;H and &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR analyses suggested that the ionic surfactant molecules orient with tails toward the air pockets of the nanobubbles, while headgroups remain immersed in the water phase, with further indications that nonionic Tween 20, immune to charge compensation through various hydration and counterion complexation mechanisms, may penetrate the gaseous milieu inside the nanobubbles even deeper with its tails. FTIR analyses showed a consistent decrease in the hydroxyl stretching mode energy with the introduction of the nanobubbles, conforming to the model of the interface populated by intense charge separation and relatively high concentration of free hydroxyls and other transiently immobilized chemical species. This charge separation brought about by the nanobubble formation, along with the segregation of hydroxides within the Stern layer of the interface, explained the increase in the total electronic polarizability of the system and the ensuing increase in the bulk refractive index. Supplementation of ultrapure water with any of the three surfactants tested significantly reduced the nucleation lag time for crystallization of hydroxyapatite from metastable solutions supersaturated with respect to it. The generation of nanobubbles in surfactant solutions further decreased this lag time, suggesting that nanobubbles are not passive constituents of chemical solvents, but rather potentially active promoters of chemical reactions taking place in them. The precipitates formed in nanobubble-containing solutions also differed in terms of crystallinity, particle size and morphology, likely as a consequence of the enhanced nucleation rate. Correspondingly, both crystallinity and the particle size showed the tendency to decrease with the introduction of nanobubbles to the solutions, while the anisotropic growth promoted by the crystal-face-specific adsorption of surfactants was suppressed in the presence of the nanobubbles. These crystallographic and morphological effects were directly related to the nucleation-promoting capacity and most critical in SDS solutions, while least apparent in Tween 20 ones. In conclusion, nanobubbles should be increasingly taken into account for their effects on chemica","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11051-026-06793-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spirulina-based layered double hydroxide nanobiostimulants enhance germination and early seedling growth in cereal crops","authors":"Juan Pablo Viramontes Márquez,&nbsp;Gregorio Guadalupe Carbajal Arizaga,&nbsp;Nutan Prasad Rout","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06805-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06805-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanobiocomposites are materials that can be applied in biological systems and consist of two or more phases, at least one of which is at the nanoscale, thereby promoting a larger specific surface area and closer interactions between their components. This study evaluated the effect of two nanobiocomposites based on nanoparticle layered double hydroxides (LDH) of magnesium–aluminum and zinc-aluminum hybridized with an <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> hydrolysate. Their effects on germination and early development were investigated in three cereals: <i>Zea mays</i>, <i>Hordeum vulgare</i>, and <i>Triticum aestivum</i>. In vitro tests were conducted to determine the optimal concentrations of the nanobiocomposite. The results showed that, in general, concentrations of 600 and 1000 ppm (mg L⁻¹) promoted greater root and shoot development, i.e., 15–45% depending on the species. This trend was confirmed in the <i>ex vitro</i> trials. In all three cereal crops, all treatments showed high germination rates; however, the most pronounced differences were observed in the speed and efficiency of the process Taken together, these results indicate a positive effect of <i>A. platensis</i> hydrolysate on root and shoot length in the evaluated species, with a concentration-dependent response consistent with a possible hormetic-like effect. These biocomposites can be used as nanobiostimulants for normal agricultural applications after field testing. Toxicological testing can also be conducted before they are applied to regular food crops.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the desorption mechanism of long carbon chain adsorbate from activated carbon under supercritical CO2","authors":"Xianhang Sun,&nbsp;Juncheng Wu,&nbsp;Xufei Li,&nbsp;Lu Qi,&nbsp;Yipeng Du,&nbsp;Weiqiu Huang,&nbsp;Jiancong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06806-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06806-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Desorption and regeneration of saturated adsorbents using supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO₂) is currently considered to be a promising method, but the study on desorption mechanism is confined to small molecule adsorbates. For long carbon chain adsorbate molecules, their long carbon chains are prone to entangle with each other to form large diameter molecular group, where the long carbon chains undergo significant bending due to the entanglement, which generates steric hindrance between carbon chains and makes it difficult to break down the molecular group. Therefore, the van der Waals force between the adsorbent and the adsorbate significantly increases, which ultimately leads to a significant increase in the desorption resistance for the adsorbate. Currently, the desorption mechanism for long carbon chain adsorbate still remains unclear. In this paper, the desorption process of molecular group formed by the entanglement of n-dodecane molecules in activated carbon is considered the research object; the diffusion of SC-CO₂, changes of carbon chain bending, and intermolecular interactions are studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The MD simulations suggest that the strong diffusivity of SC-CO₂ promotes the swelling of adsorbate molecular group, providing stretching space for bent carbon chains and facilitating the disentanglement between carbon chain molecules, thereby disassembling molecular group and lowers the desorption resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a proposed indirect Z-scheme heterojunction with BiVO4/CQDs/pg-C3N4 for efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and photodynamic bacterial inactivation","authors":"Yiming Wan,&nbsp;Xiaolin Feng,&nbsp;Wenyuan Li,&nbsp;Hang Yuan,&nbsp;Caibo Yang,&nbsp;Yong Ye","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06803-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06803-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photocatalytic degradation represents a highly efficient strategy for the removal of diverse organic pollutants and pathogenic microorganisms from wastewater. Nevertheless, conventional photocatalytic materials frequently fall short of practical application requirements owing to their wide bandgaps, insufficient surface active sites, and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. To construct indirect <i>Z</i>-scheme heterojunction BiVO₄/CQDs/pg-C₃N₄ composite (CBCN) nanoparticles, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were initially synthesized via a hydrothermal process utilizing tea polyphenols as an environmentally friendly carbon precursor. Subsequently, various concentrations of the as-prepared CQDs were integrated into pg-C₃N₄, via ultrasonication and stirring. Ultimately, BiVO₄ nanoparticles were in situ grown within the pore structure of the CQDs/pg-C₃N₄ hybrid through a secondary hydrothermal treatment. After 120 min of simulated sunshine exposure, CBCN-5 showed the greatest photocatalytic activity among them, achieving 99% RhB removal. After 60 min, an apparent 6.4-log reduction in recoverable <i>E. coli</i> was obtained using the supernatant-counting procedure, with an initial concentration of 2 × 10⁷ CFU/mL. Additional cultures without catalyst separation supported light-dependent antibacterial activity. The material retained 94.5% RhB removal efficiency and its main XRD features after five cycles of use. The superior photocatalytic degradation and photodynamic antibacterial properties of CBCN-5 can be primarily attributed to its narrow bandgap of 2.28 eV, reduced electrochemical resistance, and enhanced rates of photogenerated carrier separation and transport. These properties facilitate the effective degradation of water pollutants and the robust inactivation of bacteria by CBCN under visible light. The combined results suggest a possible CQD-assisted indirect <i>Z</i>-scheme pathway. This study provides a theoretical foundation and experimental basis for the future development of innovative <i>Z</i>-scheme photocatalysts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced isopropyl alcohol sensing performance by Au, Ag and Ni decorated hematite at room temperature","authors":"Saikat Jati,&nbsp;Bodhishatwa Roy,&nbsp;Sanatan Chattopadhyay,&nbsp;Pradip Pattanayak,&nbsp;Anupama Roy,&nbsp;Tanushree Bala","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06801-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06801-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oxide-based traditional chemiresistive gas sensors majorly operate at high temperatures, which stems from the need for affordable, selective, and room-temperature-based sensors for different volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This investigation has explored the sensing capability of α-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposites where hematite is combined with noble metals (Au and Ag) and an active transition metal, Ni. The nanocomposites are found to be superior to pristine α-Fe₂O₃, and Ag-α-Fe₂O₃ has been proved to be the best for sensing IPA vapor with considerably low response and recovery times at a constant potential of 3 V. Most strikingly, it can work at room temperature, down to 2 ppm concentration, with a significantly enhanced response of 242% and an LOD of 2 ppb, portraying itself as a potential material to sense even trace amounts of IPA. The synthetic routes are simple, reproducible, and economic. Au and Ag nanocomposites of α-Fe₂O₃ are synthesized utilizing oleylamine and 2,4-dimethylphenol acting as reducing and capping agents, whereas oleic acid is the capping agent for the Ni-α-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite, and reduction of Ni²⁺ is initiated with NaBH₄.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric mapping of application-oriented bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3), 2014–2025: knowledge structure and emerging trends","authors":"Yi Feng,&nbsp;Zhongcheng Song,&nbsp;Jie Chen,&nbsp;Yajie Zhou,&nbsp;Mingsong Li,&nbsp;Lixia Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06800-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06800-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO₃) is a room-temperature multiferroic oxide with coupled ferroic, semiconducting, dielectric, and optoelectronic properties, making it relevant to several functional-material applications investigated within the selected literature corpus. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of 2532 Web of Science Core Collection articles published between 2014 and 2025 within a predefined, application-oriented search scope. CiteSpace was used to examine publication trends, collaboration networks, co-citation structures, keyword co-occurrence, and citation bursts. The results show sustained growth in publication activity, a geographically concentrated but internationally connected collaboration network, and an intellectual base that links classical multiferroic physics with more recent work on nanoscale modification, photocatalysis, heterojunction engineering, and energy-related applications. Keyword and burst analyses indicate a gradual shift in emphasis from structural characterization and intrinsic properties toward interfacial engineering and application-driven studies; however, these patterns should be interpreted as trends within the selected corpus rather than as a complete chronology of the entire BiFeO₃ field. Heterojunction-related research remains prominent, while energy-storage and photoelectrocatalytic topics have gained recent attention. The analysis provides a quantitative map of an application-oriented segment of BiFeO₃ research and identifies areas in which stronger links between fundamental multiferroic studies and functional applications may be particularly valuable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Docetaxel-loaded iron copper sulfide nanoplatform for enhanced chemo/chemodynamic/photothermal therapy via amplified ferroptosis in leukemia","authors":"Xiaoli Hao,&nbsp;Binyan Lu","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06792-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06792-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of leukemia treatment. However, drug resistance and severe side effects heavily limit its clinical outcomes. Ferroptosis an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death characterized by lipid peroxide accumulation has emerged as a highly promising strategy to eradicate resistant leukemia cells. This study involved the design and production of a tumor-targeting nanoplatform for leukemia cancer therapy. FeCuS₂ (FCS) was developed as a drug carrier and subsequently altered with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG)-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA). Docetaxel (DT) was subsequently included to develop DT/FCS@APTS-mPEG-HA nanoparticles. The nanoplatform demonstrated superior photothermal efficacy under 980-nm near-infrared (NIR) laser exposure. Furthermore, DT/FCS@APTS-mPEG-HA proficiently produced toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) by Fenton/Fenton-like reaction and augmented the reactive oxygen species-facilitated treatment efficacy. The DT/FCS@APTS-mPEG-HA nanoparticles demonstrated NIR- and GSH-triggered drug release that facilitated rapid, controlled DT delivery to the tumor site. This platform integrates chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy, and thereby overcomes the limitations of monotherapy to enhance systemic stability and facilitate leukemia cancer therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trimesic acid-functionalized copper oxide nanoparticles for fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance detection of PFOA and PFOS","authors":"Vikas,&nbsp;Nofar Swed,&nbsp;Nasra Yaseen,&nbsp;Rosalba Pitruzzella,&nbsp;Nunzio Cennamo,&nbsp;Luca Giampaolo Nobili,&nbsp;Paola Saccomandi,&nbsp;Iris S. Weitz","doi":"10.1007/s11051-026-06798-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-026-06798-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface functionalization enables metal oxide nanoparticles to be engineered as chemically tunable interfaces for optical sensing. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) enhance the refractive index sensitivity of fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance (FO-SPR) sensors and provide chemically active surfaces that readily support ligand functionalization. In this work, CuO NPs were surface-functionalized with trimesic acid (H₃TMA) and integrated into a fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance (FO-SPR) platform for the detection of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). FTIR, TGA, TEM, SEM, DLS, and zeta potential analyses characterized the functionalized nanoparticles, supporting successful surface modification and indicating aggregation under aqueous conditions. Cryogenic-TEM revealed primary particle diameters of approximately 6 nm, whereas DLS measurements showed micron-scale hydrodynamic aggregates in aqueous suspension. The fabricated FO-SPR sensor exhibited a concentration-dependent response to both analytes, achieving maximum sensitivities of 3.59 and 2.76 nm/μM for PFOA and PFOS, respectively, with corresponding detection limits of 1.40 and 4.73 μM. The stronger response toward PFOA is consistent with its greater retention at the functionalized sensing interface, as supported by the XPS analysis, while the specific molecular interactions responsible for the differential response remain to be elucidated. These findings demonstrate that H₃TMA functionalization of CuO NPs provides a simple and tunable sensing interface for FO-SPR detection of PFOA and PFOS.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}