{"title":"Aquasomes: novel crystalline nanocarriers ensuring conformational integrity and high surface exposure for enhanced drug encapsulation and delivery","authors":"Aasha Makavana, Kiran Dudhat","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06336-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06336-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquasomes, a novel vesicular drug delivery system, have emerged as an innovative platform in nanobiotechnology, offering significant advantages for the delivery of bioactive substances such as proteins, peptides, hormones, antigens, and genes. Aquasomes are spherical, nanoparticulate carriers with a distinctive three-layered architecture with dimensions ranging from 60 to 300 nm. The foundation of the system is a nanocrystalline solid core that provides structural stability. This core is usually composed of materials including tin oxide, nanocrystalline carbon ceramics (diamonds), or calcium phosphate (brushite). This core is covered with a layer of carbohydrates, generally polyhydroxyl oligomers such as trehalose or cellobiose, which stabilizes and shields the bioactive molecules from dehydration and maintains their structural integrity. Non-covalent and ionic bonding allow drugs to be adsorbed onto the carbohydrate layer, where they retain their biological function and facilitate the delivery of sensitive bio-actives. Transdermal drug delivery and the transportation of molecules including insulin, hemoglobin, enzymes, and antigens have been shown to be enhanced by aquasomes, leading to improved stability, bioavailability, and controlled release. Aquasomes present a viable approach for the targeted and effective administration of a variety of therapeutic agents, especially for sensitive and conformationally unstable proteins, despite difficulties with large-scale synthesis and stability.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and cell imaging of robustly stable fluorescent carbon dots through nitrogen and phosphorus co-doping","authors":"Hao Li, Jianwu Xiao, Jun Cao, Jiaqi Pan, Chaorong Li, Yingying Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06332-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06332-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Robustly stable fluorescent carbon dots (N/P-CDs) were designed through co-doping strong electron-withdrawing nitrogen and phosphorus heteroatoms and synthesized via a solvothermal method. N/P-CDs demonstrated fluorescence emission at 461 nm under excitation at their optimal wavelengths of 370 nm and 380 nm, achieving a notable fluorescence quantum yield of 48.2%. Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doping allowed the emission of the intrinsic state from carbon core to dominate the fluorescence emission behavior and ensured fluorescence stability. The N/P-CDs’ fluorescence intensity in solution showed no significant change and remained stable after being stored at room temperature for 7 days. The N/P-CDs’ fluorescence intensity remained largely unchanged under varying conditions, including a pH range of 1 to 12, temperatures between 20 and 60 °C, and continuous xenon light exposure for 3600 s. Moreover, MCF-7 and EC cells’ viability incubated with N/P-CDs for 24 h exceeded 90%, confirming their high biocompatibility and lower toxicity. Cell imaging studies demonstrated N/P-CDs emitted stable and strong fluorescence which predominantly localized in the cell membrane. The incorporation of nitrogen and phosphorus heteroatoms into carbon dots can enhance carbon dots’ stability and endows carbon dots with significant potential for use in cell imaging applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. R. Gilmullina, A. T. Kamaleeva, A. P. Lyubina, A. A. Parfenov, A. D. Voloshina, I. R. Nizameev, J. E. Morozova, A. Yu. Ziganshina, D. V. Zakharychev, A. T. Gubaidullin, I. S. Antipin
{"title":"The synthesis, spectral, structural and antimicrobial properties of nanocolloids of carboxybetaine calix[4]resorcine with silver nanoparticles and silver ions","authors":"Z. R. Gilmullina, A. T. Kamaleeva, A. P. Lyubina, A. A. Parfenov, A. D. Voloshina, I. R. Nizameev, J. E. Morozova, A. Yu. Ziganshina, D. V. Zakharychev, A. T. Gubaidullin, I. S. Antipin","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06324-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06324-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the face of the growth of the multi-resistant bacteria, the search for the effective antibacterial agents has become one of the main challenges of the modern society. Silver nanoparticles are known to be effective antibacterial agents, but their use is associated with the risk of the toxic effects on the mammalian cells. Therefore, it is essential to synthesize the silver nanoparticles that are stabilized by the low-toxic capping agents. In this study, we used a low-toxic carboxybetaine derivative of tetrapentylcalix[4]resorcine (C<sub>5</sub>-CB) as a capping agent for AgNPs. It is found that the syntheses of the AgNPs resulted in the formation of the nanocolloids (NCs) containing silver nanoparticles, stabilized by the C<sub>5</sub>-CB, and the complexes of the silver ions and the C<sub>5</sub>-CB. The NCs are characterized by the absorption spectroscopy, DLS, XRPD, TEM, IR, and TGA/DSC methods. It is shown that an Ag<sup>+</sup>/C<sub>5</sub>-CB molar ratio affects the size of the NCs and the AgNPs, their stability, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity. The NCs exhibit bacteriostatic activity against strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with multiple drug resistance (<i>MRSA-1</i> and <i>MRSA-2</i>) as well as a bactericidal activity (against <i>Sa</i>, <i>Ef</i>, and <i>Ec</i>) and a fungicidal activity (against <i>Ca</i>).</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lithium decoration on B3O3 monolayer for enhanced reversible hydrogen storage: a DFT study","authors":"Rezvan Rahimi, Mohammad Solimannejad","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06330-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06330-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of using the B<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> monolayer as a two-dimensional material for hydrogen storage. To enhance the hydrogen adsorption, we incorporate Li atoms to decorate the monolayer. We analyze the system’s adsorption energy and electronic structure using density functional theory. Additionally, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to confirm the system’s stability under dynamic and thermal conditions. Our study reveals that the optimal configuration for hydrogen storage involves 2 lithium atoms per unit cell, resulting in a highly desirable adsorption energy of − 0.23 eV/H<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, the system exhibits a gravimetric capacity of 12.07 wt% and possesses the capability to release hydrogen around room temperature. Based on these promising findings, we establish the promising application of the 2Li/B<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> adsorbent medium for hydrogen storage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. R. Kiran Kumar, Mohan Reddy R, Harisha S, K. Yogesh Kumar, B. K. Jayanna, Shobha G
{"title":"Hybrid ZnO-CuO nanoparticles: for MCPE in dopamine detection, dye degradation, and antibacterial assessment","authors":"S. R. Kiran Kumar, Mohan Reddy R, Harisha S, K. Yogesh Kumar, B. K. Jayanna, Shobha G","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06319-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06319-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hybrid ZnO-CuO nanoparticles were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. Structural characteristics were assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The nanoparticles were integrated into a carbon paste electrode to explore its potential for voltammetric detection of dopamine. The modified carbon paste electrode (MCPE) was used for electrochemical response to evaluate dopamine in a pH 7.2 PBS solution, with a scan rate of 50 mVs<sup>−1</sup>. The electrode modification facilitated the individual determination of dopamine through cyclic voltammetry analysis. Analysis of the voltammograms from the oxidation studies indicated that the hybrid ZnO-CuO nanoparticles demonstrate superior catalytic activity in dopamine oxidation. Additionally, the photocatalytic capabilities of the hybrid ZnO-CuO nanoparticles were assessed in degrading both cationic and anionic dyes. For crystal violet, which is a cationic dye, 1 mg/L of the concentration of ZnO-CuO showed a maximum of 82.93% degradation, and complete degradation of Cry.V dye was observed in less than 30 min at pH 12.0. Furthermore, the nanoparticles showed higher efficacy against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria, as determined by disc diffusion tests against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli.</i></p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An in vitro study on macrophage toxicity of allotrope silver nanoparticles","authors":"Sushanto Kumar Saha, Nitish Khurana, Bretni Kennon, William Niedermeyer, Hamidreza Ghandehari","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06333-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06333-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent studies have established EVQ-218 as a novel type of allotrope silver nanoparticle (AgNP). The patented laser-based method of manufacture imparts EVQ-218 with unique surface properties that enhance particle stability without capping agents and other stabilizing chemistry. In this study, EVQ-218 was screened against RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, MH-S murine alveolar macrophages, and THP-1 human monocyte cell lines. IC<sub>50</sub> values were obtained, and cellular uptake and phagocytosis assays were conducted. Results of this study indicate that the intracellular uptake of EVQ-218 did not make any apparent physiologically significant change in cell morphology and phagocytic activity of macrophages at nontoxic doses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo Braga Nogueira Branco, Kohei Oyama, Olivia J. Cook, Grace M. Mu, Andrea P. Argüelles, Namiko Yamamoto, Charles E. Bakis
{"title":"Non-destructive assessment of aligned carbon nanotube structures through correlation of polymer nanocomposite properties via ultrasonic testing","authors":"Ricardo Braga Nogueira Branco, Kohei Oyama, Olivia J. Cook, Grace M. Mu, Andrea P. Argüelles, Namiko Yamamoto, Charles E. Bakis","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06329-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06329-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evaluation of nanoparticle distribution and orientation within polymer nanocomposites is critical to ascertaining structure–property relationships but has been a challenge. Nanoparticles form multi-scale structures consisting of nanometer- and micrometer-scale agglomerations, requiring inspection of high resolution and large field of view (FOV) at the same time. Electron microscopy provides high-resolution 2D images of small FOV. Micro-computed tomography provides 3D images of moderate resolution and FOV, but is limited in its ability to resolve regions of similar elements such as polymers and carbon-based nanoparticles. In this work, an ultrasonic testing (UT) technique of a moderate resolution (sub-millimeter) was used to indirectly assess microstructures of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within an epoxy matrix over a sizable volume (~ mm in all directions). CNTs were magnetically aligned and agglomerated using two different field strengths, and such CNT micro-structure change affected the fracture toughness data of CNT-epoxy nanocomposites. The propagation speed and energy loss (attenuation) of the reflected wave were correlated to changes of CNT orientation and distribution by magnetic field application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11051-025-06329-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhimei Tian, Tao Zhang, Weiwei Song, Ziyang Rong, Chongfu Song
{"title":"Structures and properties of transition metal-doped silver clusters M@Ag12 (M = 3 d-5 d)","authors":"Zhimei Tian, Tao Zhang, Weiwei Song, Ziyang Rong, Chongfu Song","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06337-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06337-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structures of transition metal-doped silver clusters M@Ag<sub>12</sub> (M = 3d-5d) have been obtained by genetic algorithm and density functional theory method. The computational results reveal that the global minimum structures of M@Ag<sub>12</sub> clusters include six types: perfect icosahedron cage (I<sub>h</sub>) with 20 congruent triangular faces (Cr, Mo, W, Re); icosahedron cages clusters in C<sub>s</sub>, C<sub>2 h</sub> and D<sub>2 h</sub> symmetry (V, Nb, Ta, Hf); half cage structures in C<sub>s</sub> symmetry (Sc, Ti, Y, Zr, La); half cage structures in C<sub>s</sub> symmetry with one Ag atom extending outside the structure (Mn, Fe, Co, Tc, Ru, Rh, O<sub>s</sub>); double layered structures with C<sub>s</sub> symmetry (Ni, Cu, Pd, Pt); oblate structures in C<sub>2v</sub> symmetry (Zn, Hg); structures in C<sub>1</sub> and C<sub>2</sub> symmetry (Ag, Cd, Au). Average bond lengths of M-Ag, Ag–Ag and binding energies of M@Ag<sub>12</sub> clusters are obtained. According to the stability analysis, Cr@Ag<sub>12</sub>, Mo@Ag<sub>12</sub> and W@Ag<sub>12</sub> are magic number clusters because their valence electrons follow 18e-rule. Moreover, the HOMO–LUMO gaps and binding energies of them are big. The superatomic electron orbitals of Cr@Ag<sub>12</sub>, Mo@Ag<sub>12</sub> and W@Ag<sub>12</sub> are all |1S<sup>2</sup>|1P<sup>6</sup>|1D<sup>10</sup>|. The partial density of states, infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy of Cr@Ag<sub>12</sub>, Mo@Ag<sub>12</sub> and W@Ag<sub>12</sub> clusters have been calculated and discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong Niu, Xiang Lv, Yunjie Jia, Yanchun Zhu, Yaoqi Wang
{"title":"Sintering of Ti–Al nanoparticle pairs: a molecular dynamics simulation study","authors":"Yong Niu, Xiang Lv, Yunjie Jia, Yanchun Zhu, Yaoqi Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06335-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06335-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the effects of aluminum content and sintering temperature on the sintering process of Ti–Al nanoparticles. The target sintering temperatures were set to 1300 K, 1400 K, 1500 K, and 1600 K, with aluminum atomic fractions of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 8%, and 10%. The sintering performance was evaluated through common neighbor analysis, sintering neck width, radius of gyration, and mean square displacement (MSD). The results show that higher sintering temperatures lead to a greater degree of sintering; when the temperature exceeds 1500 K, the nanoparticles can fully merge. Additionally, the neck width, MSD growth rate during the heating stage, and the drop rate of the radius of gyration at the sudden decrease all increase with rising temperature. Furthermore, increasing the aluminum content inhibits sintering. When the aluminum fraction exceeds 8%, complete sintering becomes difficult. Both the growth rate of the neck width and the MSD growth rate, as well as the drop rate of the radius of gyration, decrease with increasing aluminum content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandr Ivaneev, Tatiana Dzherayan, Mikhail Ermolin, Natalia Vanifatova
{"title":"Interaction of muscovite nanoparticles and fulvic acid in simulated surface waters","authors":"Alexandr Ivaneev, Tatiana Dzherayan, Mikhail Ermolin, Natalia Vanifatova","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06326-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06326-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural nanoparticles (NPs) and natural organic matter (NOM) are ubiquitous in the environments such as soils, sediments, and surface waters. The adsorption of NOM onto mineral NPs is a key natural process, which has significant effects on the fate and biogeochemical cycles of many chemicals including toxic ones. For the first time, complex of complimentary analytical methods including capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), dynamic light scattering, and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) has been used for study of effect of NOM on the fate of natural NPs in simulated surface waters. Muscovite NPs and fulvic acid (FA) have been taken as examples. It has been demonstrated that CZE can be an efficient tool for the study on interactions of mineral NPs and FA. CZE allowed one to discriminate muscovite NPs, FA, and products of their interaction—organometallic complex. It is most likely that FA forms a complex with Al. It is found that Al<sup>3+</sup>-FA complex has an intermediate electrophoretic mobility (46.6 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) between muscovite NPs (31.6 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) and FA (49.3 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) as measured for suspension with pH value of 6. It is also demonstrated that electrophoretic mobility of Al<sup>3+</sup>-FA complex is less susceptible to pH of medium as compared to muscovite NPs. The absolute value of electrophoretic mobility increases with increasing pH of buffer solution from 31.0 to 37.9·10<sup>−5</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for muscovite NPs and from 46.3 to 50.0·10<sup>−5</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for Al<sup>3+</sup>-FA complex. The obtained zeta-potential values (from − 45 to − 55 mV) have demonstrated that muscovite NPs are characterized by good stability in simulated surface waters. Thus, the results obtained have confirmed that NOM can significantly affect the fate of natural NPs in aquatic environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}