{"title":"Electroanalytical overview: the sensing of the mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic acid","authors":"Robert D. Crapnell and Craig E. Banks","doi":"10.1039/D4AY01379D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AY01379D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this review, we explore the electroanalytical determination of mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic acid. Mycophenolate mofetil is a prodrug of mycophenolic acid, which is an immunosuppressive agent used to lower the body's natural immunity in patients who receive organ transplants as well as to treat autoimmune conditions. Laboratory based analytical instrumentation provide a routine methodology to measure mycophenolate mofetil and its metabolites, but there is scope to develop in-the-field analytical measurements that are comparable to those from laboratory equipment. Electroanalysis provides an opportunity to provide highly selective and sensitive outputs but are cost-efficient and can support on-site analysis. In this review, we provide an electroanalytical overview of the current research directed toward the measurement of mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic acid, offering insights to future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ay/d4ay01379d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Hou, Yue Jiang, Li-Zhen Chen, Sheng-Feng Zhang, Heng-Ye Li, Mei-Jie Wei, Fen-Ying Kong, Wei Wang
{"title":"A nickel porphyrin-based covalent organic framework modified electrode for the electrochemical detection of acetaminophen.","authors":"Lu Hou, Yue Jiang, Li-Zhen Chen, Sheng-Feng Zhang, Heng-Ye Li, Mei-Jie Wei, Fen-Ying Kong, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4ay01447b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ay01447b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be rationally designed with functional organic ligands to improve the electrochemical responsiveness of the electrode toward certain medicinal compounds. In this study, we synthesized a COF-Ni electrocatalyst material, which is formed by covalent coupling of electron-rich 2,3,6,7-tetrakis (4-formylphenyl) tetrakis (4-imidazolyl) (TTF-4CHO) and hole-rich 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin nickel(II) (TAPP-Ni). The reasonable electron transfer path design, the large specific surface area of the COF and the physical properties of ordered nanopores, as well as the Ni-N<sub>4</sub> bond as a highly active catalytic center, allow the COF-Ni material modified electrode to exhibit excellent sensing performance for acetaminophen (ACOP). The detection limit for ACOP is as low as 47.6 nM, with a linear range of 1-1500 μM, which is better than for most of the reported sensors. With superior interference resistance and good stability performance, COF-Ni is a highly suited electrode modification material for real-world sample detection, which provided a new perspective for application of COF materials in drug analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Didi Hu, Yingcui Bu, Mengxiao Liu, Fuqing Bai, Jingjing Li, Longchun Li, Huimei Cai, Xiaoping Gan
{"title":"A simple fluorescent probe for selectively detecting Al<sup>3+</sup> and F<sup>-</sup> in living cells and growing tea plants.","authors":"Didi Hu, Yingcui Bu, Mengxiao Liu, Fuqing Bai, Jingjing Li, Longchun Li, Huimei Cai, Xiaoping Gan","doi":"10.1039/d4ay01419g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ay01419g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aluminum (Al<sup>3+</sup>) and fluorine (F<sup>-</sup>) ions can be easily enriched in tea plants. When they excessively accumulate in tea, they can affect the health of tea lovers. Herein, a simple, highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe (named BHMP) for Al<sup>3+</sup> and F<sup>-</sup> detection was developed through a one-step condensation reaction, in which benzothiazole acted as a fluorophore and acceptor and hydrazine-Schiff base as a recognition unit. The probe was characterized comprehensively using spectroscopic methods, and the structure-activity relationship was systematically researched through crystal structure and theoretical calculations. Its sensitivity was measured <i>via</i> the fluorescent titration experiment, and the limit of detection (LOD) towards Al<sup>3+</sup> was up to 1.04 × 10<sup>-8</sup> mol L<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, we successfully utilized BHMP to visually detect the presence of Al<sup>3+</sup> in living cells and tea tree roots through fluorescence confocal imaging. The successful detection of Al<sup>3+</sup> in tea tree roots indicated that BHMP could be used as a candidate fluorescent chemosensor to dynamically monitor the variation in enriched Al<sup>3+</sup> under the influence of the environment during tea tree growth. Our study provides a reference for the control of Al<sup>3+</sup> concentration during the growth of tea plants and provides new insights into improving tea quality control.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moosa Es'hagi, Maryam Farbodi, Parvin Gharbani, Elnaz Ghasemi, Sona Jamshidi, Roghayeh Majdan-Cegincara, Ali Mehrizad, Kambiz Seyyedi and Gholam Hossein Shahverdizadeh
{"title":"A comparative review on the mitigation of metronidazole residues in aqueous media using various physico-chemical technologies","authors":"Moosa Es'hagi, Maryam Farbodi, Parvin Gharbani, Elnaz Ghasemi, Sona Jamshidi, Roghayeh Majdan-Cegincara, Ali Mehrizad, Kambiz Seyyedi and Gholam Hossein Shahverdizadeh","doi":"10.1039/D4AY01502A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AY01502A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the last few decades, pharmaceuticals have emerged as a new class of serious environmental pollutants. The presence of these emerging contaminants even in minimal amounts (micro- to nanograms) has side effects, and they can cause chronic toxicity to health and the environment. Furthermore, the presence of pharmaceutical contaminants in water resources leads to significant antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Hence, the removal of antibiotics from water resources is essential. Thus far, a wide range of methods, including adsorption, photodegradation, oxidation, photolysis, micro-/nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis, has been used to remove pharmaceutical contaminants from water systems. In this article, research related to the processes for the removal of metronidazole antibiotics from water and wastewater, including adsorption (carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanocomposites, magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP), and metal–organic frameworks), filtration, advanced oxidation processes (photocatalytic process, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes, sonolysis and sonocatalysis) and aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs), was reviewed. Results reveal that advanced oxidation processes, especially photocatalytic and sonolysis processes, have high potential in removing MNZ (more than 90%).</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Major A. Selemani, Khamhbawihum Cenhrang, Samuel Azibere, Mariama Singhateh and R. Scott Martin
{"title":"3D printed microfluidic devices with electrodes for electrochemical analysis","authors":"Major A. Selemani, Khamhbawihum Cenhrang, Samuel Azibere, Mariama Singhateh and R. Scott Martin","doi":"10.1039/D4AY01701C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AY01701C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A review with 93 references describing various 3D printing approaches that have been used to create microfluidic devices containing electrodes for electrochemical detection. The use of 3D printing to fabricate microfluidic devices is a rapidly growing area. One significant research area is how to detect analytes in the devices for quantitation purposes. This review article is focused on methods used to integrate electrodes into the devices for electrochemical detection. The review is organized in terms of the methodology for integrating the electrode within the device. This includes (1) external coupling of traditional electrode materials with 3D printed devices; (2) printing conductive electrode materials as part of device printing; and (3) integrating traditional electrodes into the device as part of the print process. Example applications are given and some future directions are also outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DNAzyme-mediated fluorescence signal variation of DNA-Ag nanoclusters and construction of an aptasensor for ATP.","authors":"Shixin Cai, Mingrui Li, Xinqi Hu, Shuhua Gui, Menglu Li, Yuting Zhang, Xiaoli Wang, Nandi Zhou","doi":"10.1039/d4ay01608d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ay01608d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) are novel nanomaterials with unique fluorescence characteristics. DNAzyme is a functional oligonucleotide that can catalyze the disruption of nucleic acid substrates. In this research, the effect of DNAzyme digestion on the fluorescence property of DNA-AgNCs was explored for the first time. A significant reduction in the fluorescence intensity of DNA-AgNCs after cleavage by DNAzyme was discovered. Further research found that the DNAzyme-catalyzed cleavage reduced the stability of DNA-AgNCs and led to their aggregation, accounting for a decline in fluorescence intensity up to 84%. Inspired by the above finding, a fluorescent aptasensor that integrates the benefits of DNA-AgNCs, exonuclease III (Exo III)-assisted signal amplification and DNAzyme was developed for sensitive detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Under optimal conditions, the linear range was from 25 μM to 1000 μM and the detection limit was estimated to be 4.46 μM. Furthermore, this fluorescent aptasensor was effectively employed to quantify ATP levels in human serum samples, demonstrating its practicality in detecting ATP in biological matrices. The elucidation of DNAzyme-based fluorescence characteristic variation of DNA-AgNCs may provide insights into the interactions between DNAzyme and nanomaterials and has great prospects in the construction of fluorescent biosensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenia Chávez-Ramos, María Del Pilar Cañizares-Macías
{"title":"Continuous flow microfluidic system with magnetic nanoparticles for the spectrophotometric quantification of urea in urine and plasma samples.","authors":"Kenia Chávez-Ramos, María Del Pilar Cañizares-Macías","doi":"10.1039/d4ay01593b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ay01593b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urea, synthesized exclusively in the liver, is primarily transported through the bloodstream to the kidneys, where it is excreted in urine, accounting for 80-90% of nitrogen excretion in humans. Elevated blood urea levels, indicative of kidney dysfunction, make it a crucial biomarker for assessing renal function. Previous studies on urea detection using microdevices have largely focused on conductometric methods. In this study, we demonstrated the application of a continuous flow miniaturized system for rapid spectrophotometric urea quantification using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microdevices. The microdevice featured two distinct zones: an enzymatic reaction zone, where urease-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles were immobilized, and a detection zone, where reagents were incorporated to produce a colored reaction product <i>via</i> a modified Berthelot reaction. Integrating magnetic nanoparticles as a solid support for the enzyme enabled the reuse of PDMS microdevices without compromising the analytical signal. Spectrophotometric detection was performed in an additional microdevice acting as a microflow cell coupled with optical fibers. A calibration curve was constructed using urea standards diluted in phosphate buffer solution (PBS), yielding a linear range of 0.12-3.00 mg dL<sup>-1</sup>. The method demonstrated detection and quantification limits of 0.04 mg dL<sup>-1</sup> and 0.12 mg dL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Precision and accuracy assessments yielded a repeatability of 0.90% and intermediate precision of 4.52%, with recovery rates near 100%. The method was applied to plasma and urine samples, showing urea concentrations within normal physiological ranges and an analysis throughput of 36 measurements per hour.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A strategy for detecting CSFV using DNAzyme-HCR cascade amplification.","authors":"Xiuen Cao, Jiajing Cai, Zhilin He, Haofei Ji, Ruowei Sun, Xun Zhang, Chuanpin Chen, Qubo Zhu","doi":"10.1039/d4ay01209g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ay01209g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) is an isothermal amplification technique widely used for sensing nucleic acids and small molecules. Despite its effectiveness, conventional linear HCR exhibits relatively slow kinetics and insufficient sensitivity. To address this challenge, we have innovatively combined HCR with DNAzyme technology to enhance nucleic acid detection. In this novel approach, the presence of a target molecule triggers the formation of DNAzyme, leading to the cleavage of substrate S, the initiation of HCR, and the production of DNA nanowires and labeled DNAzyme. The newly generated DNAzyme continuously cleaves substrate S, promoting sequential HCR amplification and significantly enhancing the fluorescence signal. This system offers a simple, sensitive, selective, and versatile method for nucleic acid detection, with a detection limit as low as 5 pM. When tested on classical swine fever virus (CSFV) samples, the system demonstrated detection accuracy comparable to RT-qPCR and exhibited superior repeatability.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengmeng Zhang, Wei Zhou, Qingqing Wang, Ning Wang, Xin Wang, Youping Liu, Xin Di
{"title":"A water compatible magnetic molecularly imprinted nanocomposite for the class-selective enrichment of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides in environmental water.","authors":"Mengmeng Zhang, Wei Zhou, Qingqing Wang, Ning Wang, Xin Wang, Youping Liu, Xin Di","doi":"10.1039/d4ay01250j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ay01250j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, a novel water compatible core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted nanocomposite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-COOH@MIPs) was synthesized in an acetonitrile-water reaction system by adopting carboxyl group-functionalized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles as the magnetic core, olaquindox as the template molecule and acrylamide as the functional monomer. The resulting Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-COOH@MIPs was characterized and applied as an adsorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of three quinoline-1,4-dioxides (QdNOs). The Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-COOH@MIPs possessed strong magnetic responsiveness, fast adsorption equilibrium rate (equilibrium within 5 min) and excellent selectivity. By coupling Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-COOH@MIPs based MSPE with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), good linearity (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.9985) and low limits of detection (0.83-5.0 ng L<sup>-1</sup>) for QdNOs were obtained. Finally, the proposed method was applied to determine trace QdNOs in environmental water samples, and the recoveries were in the range of 68.08-99.88% with RSD less than 12.5%.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Gao, Ruiwen Yang, Jizhou Zhang, Miaomiao Sheng, Yun Sun, Bing Han and Guoyin Kai
{"title":"Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry for the detection of human disease: a review","authors":"Li Gao, Ruiwen Yang, Jizhou Zhang, Miaomiao Sheng, Yun Sun, Bing Han and Guoyin Kai","doi":"10.1039/D4AY01452A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AY01452A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) is an advanced technique used for detecting trace compounds, due to its non-destructive, straightforward, and rapid analytical capabilities. However, the application of GC-IMS in human disease screening is barely reported. This review summarizes the application and related parameters of GC-IMS in human disease diagnosis. GC-IMS detects volatile organic compounds in human breath, feces, urine, bile, <em>etc.</em> It can be applied to diagnose diseases, such as respiratory diseases, cancer, enteropathy, Alzheimer's disease, bacterial infection, and metabolic diseases. Several potential disease markers have been identified by GC-IMS, including ethanal (COVID-19), 2-heptanone (lung cancer) and 3-pentanone (pulmonary cryptococcosis). In conclusion, GC-IMS offers a non-invasive approach to monitor and diagnose human diseases with broad applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}